any danger. He was a great friend to the whites, was loved and esteemed by them, and in testimony of their regard had received from them the name of Duke Holland, by which he was generally known. This Indian, satisfied that his nation was incapable of committing such a foul murder, in a time of profound peace, told the enraged settlers, that he was sure that the Delawares were not in any manner concerned in it; and that it was the act of some wicked Mingoes or Iroquois, whose custom it was to involve other nations in wars with each other, by clandestinely committing murders, so that they might be laid to the charge of others rather than themselves. But all his representations were vain; he could not convince exasperated men, whose minds were fully bent upon revenge. At last he offered that if they would give him a party to accompany him, he would go with them in quest of the murderers, and was sure he could discover them by the prints of their feet and other marks well known to him, by which he would convince them that the real perpetrators of the crime belonged to the Six Nations. His proposal was accepted, he marched at the head of a party of whites, and led them into the tracks. They soon found themselves in the most rocky parts of a mountain, where not one of those who accompanied him, was able to discover a single track, nor would they believe that man had ever trodden upon this ground, as they had to jump over a number of crevices between the rocks, and in some instances to crawl over them. Now they began to believe that the Indian had led them across these rugged mountains in order to give the enemy time to escape, and threatened him with instant death the moment they should be fully convinced of his fraud. The Indian, true to his promise, would take pains to make them perceive that an enemy had passed along through the places which he was leading them, here he would show them that the moss on the rock had been trodden by the weight of an human foot, there it had been torn or dragged forward from its place; further he would point out to them that pebbles, or small stones on the rocks had been removed from their beds, by the foot hitting against them; that dry sticks by being trodden upon were broken, and even that in a particular place an Indian's blanket had dragged over the rocks, and removed or loosened the leaves lying there; all of which the Indian could perceive, as he walked along without ever stopping. At last arriving at the foot of the mountain on soft ground, where the tracks were deep, he found out that the enemy were eight in number, and from the freshness of the foot-prints, he concluded that they must be encamped at no great distance. This proved to be the exact truth, for, after gaining the eminence on the other side of the valley, the Indians were seen encamped, some having already laid down to sleep, while others were drawing off their

leggings for the same purpose, and the scalps they had taken were hanging up to dry. "See!" said Duke Holland to his astonished companions, "there is the enemy! not of my nation but Mingoes as I truly told you. They are in our power; in less than half an hour they will be all fast asleep. We need not fire a gun, but go up and tomahawk them. We are nearly two to one and need apprehend no danger. Come on, and you will now have your full revenge!" But the whites overcome with fear did not choose to follow the Indian's advice, and urged him to take them back by the nearest and best way, which he did, and when they arrived home late at night, they reported the number of the Iroquois to have been so great, that they durst not venture to attack them."

Tamany and St. Tammany, is a name which has often appeared in print. It is applied to an Indian chief or saint, who is supposed to have been alive as late as the year 1680. Mr. Heckewelder, in his Historical Account, states that all that is known of him is that he was a Delaware chief, who never had his equal." "It is said that when, about 1776, Colonel George Morgan, of Princeton, New Jersey, visited the western Indians by direction of congress, the Delawares conferred on him the name of Tamany, "in honor and remembrance of their ancient chief, and as the greatest mark of respect which they could show to that gentleman, who they said had the same address, affability, and meekness, as their honored chief."

"The fame of this great man extended even among the whites, who fabricated numerous legends respecting him, which I never heard, however, from the mouth of an Indian, and therefore believe to be fabulous. In the revolutionary war, his enthusiastic admirers dubbed him a saint, and he was established under the name of St. Tammany, the patron saint of America. His name was inserted in some calendars, and his festival celebrated on the first day of May in every year. On that day a numerous society of his votaries walked together in procession through the streets of Philadelphia, their hats decorated with buck's tails, and proceeded to a handsome rural place out of town, which they called the wigwam; where, after a long talk, or Indian speech had been delivered, and the calumet of peace and friendship had been duly smoked, they spent the day in festivity and mirth. After dinner, Indian dances were performed on the green in front of the wigwam, the calumet was again smoked, and the company separated."

It was not until some years after the peace that these yearly doings were broken up, which would doubtless have lasted longer but for the misfortune of the owner of the ground where they were held. Since that time, Philadelphia, New York, and perhaps

other places, have had their Tamany societies, Tamany halls, &c. In their meetings, these societies make but an odd figure in imitating the Indian manner of doing business, as well as in appropriating their names upon one another.

Among the multitude of poems and odes to Tamany, the following is selected, to give the reader an idea of the acts said to have been achieved by him :—

"Immortal Tamany, of Indian race, Great in the field, and foremost in the chase!

No puny saint was he with fasting pale; He climbed the mountain, and he swept the vale,

Rushed through the torrent with unequalled might;

Your ancient saints would tremble at the sight;

Caught the swift boar, and swifter deer

with ease,

And worked a thousand miracles like these.
To public views he added private ends,

And loved his country most, and next his friends;

With courage long he strove to ward the blow;

(Courage we all respect, ev'n in a foe); And when each effort he in vain had tried,

Kindled the flame in which he bravely died!

To Tamany let the full horn go round;
His fame let every honest tongue re-
sound;

With him let every gen'rous patriot vie,
To live in freedom or with honor die."

"Insanity is not common among the Indians; yet I have known several who were afflicted with mental derangement. Men in this situation are always considered as objects of pity. Every one young and old feels compassion for their misfortune; to laugh or scoff at them would be considered as a crime, much more so to insult or molest them. The nation, or color of the unfortunate object makes no difference; the charity of the Indians extends to all, and no distinction is made in such a lamentable case. About the commencement of the Indian war, in 1763, a trading Jew, named Chapman, who was going up the Detroit river with a batteau load of goods, which he had brought from Albany, was taken by some Indians of the Chippeway nation, and destined to be put to death. A Frenchman impelled by motives of friendship and humanity, found means to steal the prisoner, and kept him so concealed for some time, that although the most diligent search was made, the place of his confinement could not be discovered. At last, however, the unfortunate was betrayed by some false friend, and again fell into the power of the Indians, who took him across the river to be burned and tortured. Tied to the stake and the fire burning by his side, his thirst from the great heat became intolerable, and he begged that some drink might be given to him. It is a custom with the Indians previous to a prisoner being put to death, to give him what they call his last meal; a bowl of pottage or broth was given him for that purpose. Eager to quench his thirst; he put the bowl immediately to his lips, and the liquor being very hot he was dreadfully scalded. Being a man of a very quick temper, the moment he felt his mouth

burned, he threw the bowl with its contents full in the face of the man who had handed it to him. 'He is mad! he is mad!' resounded from all quarters. The bystanders considered his conduct as an act of insanity, and immediately untied the cords with which he was bound, and let him go where he pleased."

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Shrewdness.-As Governor Joseph Dudley of Massachusetts was superintending some of his workmen, he took notice of an able-bodied Indian, who, half naked, would come and look on, as a pastime, to see his men work. The governor took occasion one day to ask him why he did not work, and get some clothes, wherewith to cover himself. The Indian answered by asking him why he did not work. The governor, pointing with his finger to his head, said, 'I work head work, and so have no need to work with my hands as you should.' The Indian then said he would work if any one would employ him. The governor told him he wanted a calf killed, and that, if he would go and do it, he would give him a shilling. He accepted the offer, and went immediately and killed the calf, and then went sauntering about as before. The governor, on observing what he had done, asked him why he did. not dress the calf before he left it. The Indian answered, No, no, Coponoh; that was not in the bargain: I was to have a shilling for killing him. Am he no dead, Coponoh? (governor). The governor, seeing himself thus outwitted, told him to dress it, and he would give him another shilling.

6

This done, and in possession of two shillings, the Indian goes directly to a grog-shop for rum. After a short stay, he returned to the governor, and told him he had given him a bad shilling piece, and presented a brass one to be exchanged. The governor, thinking possibly it might have been the case, gave him another.

It was not long before he returned a second time with another brass shilling to be exchanged; the governor was now convinced of his knavery, but, not caring to make words at the time, gave him another; and thus the fellow got four shillings for one.

The governor determined to have the rogue corrected for his abuse, and, meeting with him soon after, told him he must take a letter to Boston for him, (and gave him half a crown for the service). The letter was directed to the keeper of bridewell, ordering him to give the bearer so many lashes; but, mistrusting that all was not exactly agreeable, and meeting a servant of the governor on the road, ordered him, in the name of his master, to carry the letter immediately, as he was in haste to return. The consequence was, this servant got egregiously whipped. When the governor learned what had taken place, he felt no little chagrin at being thus twice outwitted by the Indian.

He did not see the fellow for sometime after this, but at length, falling in with him, asked him by what means he had cheated and

deceived him so many times. Taking the governor again in his own play, he answered, pointing with his finger to his head, Head work, Coponoh, head work! The governor was now so well pleased that he forgave the whole offence." Justice" A white trader sold a quantity of powder to an Indian, and imposed upon him by making him believe it was a grain which grew like wheat by sowing it upon the ground. He was greatly elated by the prospect, not only of raising his own powder, but of being able to supply others, and thereby becoming immensely rich. Having prepared his ground with great care, he sowed his powder with the utmost exactness in the spring. Month after month passed away, but his powder did not even sprout, and winter came before he was satisfied that he had been deceived. He said nothing; but some time after, when the trader had forgotten the trick, the same Indian succeeded in getting credit of him to a large amount. The time set for payment having expired, he sought out the Indian at his residence, and demanded payment for his goods. The Indian heard his demand with great complaisance; then, looking him shrewdly in the eye, said 'Me pay you when my powder grow.' This was enough. The guilty white man quickly retraced his steps, satisfied, we apprehend, to balance his account with the chagrin he had reccived."-Drake's Book of the Indians."

Characters contrusted.—" An Indian of the Kennebeck tribe, iemarkable for his good conduct, received a grant of land from the state, and fixed himself in a new township where a number of families were settled. Though not ill treated, yet the common prejudice against Indians prevented any sympathy with him. This was shown at the death of his only child, when none of the people came near him. Shortly afterwards he went to some of the inhabitants and said to them, 'When white man's child die, Indian man he sorry-he help bury him,—When my child die, no one speak to me I make his grave alone. I can no live here.' gave up his farm, dug up the body of his child, and carried it with him 200 miles through the forests, to join the Canada Indians !"

He

Singular application of Scripture.-A certain clergyman on a particular occasion, had for his text, the following words, "vow, and pay unto the Lord thy vows." An Indian happened to be present, who, when the sermon was finished, stepped up to the preacher, and said to him, "Now me vow me go home with you, Mr. Minister." The preacher taken somewhat by surprise, and being at a loss how to oppose the Indian's determination, said, "you must go then." When he had arrived at the home of the minister, the Indian vowed again, saying, "Now me vow me have supper." When this was finished, he said, "me vow me stay all