The Rise of Christian Europe

abbeys Africa Arab army Asia barbarian Benedict of Nursia bishop Black Death Byzantine Byzantium capital cataphracts Charlemagne Charles Martel China Chinese Christendom Christian Church Cistercian cities civilization clergy colonization conquered Constantine Constantinople Counter-Reformation Crusades culture decline Diocletian dynasty East eastern economic Egypt emperor England Europe European expansion feudal fifteenth century fourteenth century France Frankish friars frontiers German Gibbon Greek heresy heretical historians Holy Ibn Khaldoun institutions intellectual Islam Italian Italy Jerusalem Justinian Khan kingdom kings knights Kublai Khan land landlords medieval Mediterranean merchants Middle Ages military monasteries monasticism Mongol monks Moslem conquests movement nomads Norman orthodoxy pagan peasants Persian Photo pope Portugal Portuguese princes Reformation religion Renaissance revolt Roman Empire Rome rural Second Crusade Sicily sixteenth social society Spain St Benedict stirrup sustained Syria Syrian Theodosius third century thirteenth century towns trade Turks twelfth century urban Vandals Venice West Western Empire ان به على ما