listricts form the veral counties a elect the various by law, and who have also seen , having all the - except those vhole American or "Union." We ose of the Federal cy between inde3 we have shown enant between r sovereign cake a bargain beno longer binds can confederacy, 1on, and fell to s ten years old. Jnion for many and had it been d in attempting ship. But this mistaken one. nerican Union of the whole tain purposes those sections ne the powers functions only which can be better performed by all t united than by each State singly, and alone. 67. Thus, each State unaided would be we of war. Even New York would be no match fo or France. But all the States together are st hence European countries are anxious to be with them. Each State would be grievously taxed to r separate army and navy, and to keep its Mini Consuls in foreign countries. But the expens army and navy, and one set of Ministers and falls lightly on them all. If each State were wholly independent of t wars would break out between them, as they c do among the States of Europe. But all t being under one General Government, domest secured. If each State were to coin its own money, th be as many different coinages as there are Sta would greatly interfere with commerce (an inco causing great annoyance in Europe.) But on coinage passes everywhere alike. 68. In the Federal Constitution, therefore, t of all the States gave to the General Gover following exclusive powers: A. To lay and collect the taxes, duties, im excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the defense and general welfare of the United S all such duties, imposts and excises must b throughout the United States. 67. Name some of the functions of government which are better one government than by many? How about war? Army and nav 68. Enumerate the nowers given to the B. To borrow money on the credit c States. C. To regulate commerce with foreign among the several States, and with the Ind D. To establish a uniform rule of natura uniform laws on the subject of bankruptc the United States. E. To coin money, regulate the value of foreign coin, and fix the standard of F. To provide for the punishment of co the securities and current coin of the United G. To establish post offices and post road H. To promote the progress of science a ful arts by securing for limited times to a inventors the exclusive right to their respecti and discoveries. I. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Court.* J. To define and punish piracies and fel mitted on the high seas, and offenses against nations. K. To declare war, grant letters of marqu prisal, and make rules concerning captures on tution See Art I Secs 1 and 2 edit-of the United reign nations, and he Indian tribes. naturalization, and ruptcy throughout value thereof, and d of weights and of counterfeiting United States. st roads. Hence and the uses to authors and espective writings to the Supreme nd felonies comgainst the law of marque and reres on land and and regulation litia to execute tions and repel Р To make all laws which shall be nec proper for carrying into execution the foregoin 69. How are the several States prevented from with the Federal Government in the exercise of th The Federal Constitution explicitly forbid interfere. It also requires the States to perfo duties alike, so as to preserve everywhere th of the citizens, just as the State Constitution uniform regulations to all its own counties an 70. How, on the other hand, is the Federal prevented from intermeddling with the State Go or with the rights of the people? By the ninth and tenth amendments to th Constitution, which provide that "the enume that document) of certain rights shall not be to deny or disparage others retained by the peo that "the power not delegated to the United the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the S reserved to the States respectively, or to the pe 71. You now understand clearly the followin ples: A. That government by the people me the people make and maintain the Govern such form and in such hands as suit ther through the frequent exercise of the in right of suffrage. B. That government for the people mea *Art. 1, Sec. 9 of the Federal Constitution. 69. How are the States prevented from interfering with the Fede ment? 70. How is the latter prevented from disturbing the former? 71. Repeat the principles printed in longe the only purpose for which governm to protect the lives, liberty, property a of the people, and thereby "to establish j domestic tranquillity, provide for the com promote the general welfare, and secure the liberty to themselves and their posterity."* C. That the first means used in the Unite carry these principles into practice is the div whole territory into States; of the States ties; of the counties into towns, and of into school districts, in each of which cer officers are entrusted each with a minute the Government powers. D. That each officer is elected by the the district he represents. E. That each elected officer is accounta discharge of his official duties only to the the district that elects him; that is, to his ov uents, and to no others. F. That the exact powers and duties of ficer are clearly fixed by law. G. That the several States have nothi with each other. The several counties State have no right to meddle with each o the different towns in a county, nor the scl tricts in a town. But each has the right to m own domestic affairs in its own way, under the *See preamble to the Federal Constitution. Does each manage its own concerns 2 rnment exists is ty and happiness lish justice, insure common defense, re the blessings of ""* y. United States to ne division of the States into counnd of the towns ch certain public inute portion of by the voters of ountable for the o the people of > his own constit ties of each of nothing to do inties in each ach other, nor he school dist to manage its er the general constitutions and laws, so long as it does not upon the liberties of the people.* H. That the principle of "confederacy" fully excluded from the entire American sy I. That the United States are all one country lation of the several States to the Unic merely a division between them of the functions of the Government, which, if not so would be impossible under the Republican form J. That sovereignty resides in the peop not in any of the governmental establishm officials.† Now turn back to the diagram representing th ican system. Apply the last two chapters to it, will find the principle of "Government by and people," firmly and clearly fixed in your memory LESSON V. OF CHECKS AND BALANCES IN THE GOVERNMEN 72. In Section 47, you learned "that the ol laws in the United States were to protect the from oppression, whether attempted by indivi by the government: that power loves to be fel *This statement expresses the doctrine known by the name of "S ereignty." See Douglas' Speeches. ¡Cal. Political Code, Sec. 30. carrying these princi H. Is the principle of confederacy admitted in the United States? I. Are the United States all one country? What is the relation of the Union? J Where does "" sovomat anda! |