A Field of One's Own: Gender and Land Rights in South AsiaThis is the first major study of gender and property in South Asia. In a pioneering and comprehensive analysis Bina Agarwal argues that the single most important economic factor affecting women's situation is the gender gap in command over property. In rural South Asia, the most significant form of property is arable land, a critical determinant of economic well-being, social status, and empowerment. But few women own land; fewer control it. Drawing on a vast range of interdisciplinary sources and her own field research, and tracing regional variations across five countries, the author investigates the complex barriers to women's land ownership and control, and how they might be overcome. The book makes significant and original contributions to theory and policy concerning land reforms, 'bargaining' and gender relations, women's status, and the nature of resistance. |
Contents
Land rights for women making the case | 1 |
I The backdrop | 2 |
some conceptual links | 11 |
1 Household property and womens property | 12 |
2 The significance of land as property | 17 |
3 What do we mean by rights in land? | 19 |
4 Prospects for nonlandbased livelihoods | 24 |
III Why do women need independent rights in land? | 27 |
preemptive steps to direct violence | 271 |
4 Responses of village bodies and government officials | 276 |
women claim inheritance shares in some traditionally patrilineal communities | 282 |
IV A look at traditionally matrilineal and bilateral communities | 285 |
V Some hypotheses | 291 |
Whose land? Who commands? The gap between ownership and control | 292 |
II Control over the transfer and use of land | 294 |
III Barriers to women selfmanaging land | 298 |
2 The efficiency argument | 33 |
3 The equality and empowerment arguments | 38 |
IV Questions addressed information base and the books structure | 45 |
Conceptualizing gender relations | 51 |
I Gender relations within the householdfamily | 53 |
1 The bargaining approach | 54 |
2 What determines intrafamily bargaining power? | 60 |
the market the community and the State | 71 |
the householdfamily the community and the State | 80 |
Customary rights and associated practices | 82 |
I Which communities customarily recognized womens rights in land? | 83 |
II Womens land rights in traditionally matrilineal and bilateral communities | 100 |
The Garos Khasis and Lalungs | 101 |
The Nayars Tiyyars Bants Mappilas Nangudi Vellalars and others | 109 |
The Sinhalese Hindu Tamils and matrilineal Muslims | 120 |
4 Some crossregional comparisons | 132 |
III Womens land rights structural conditionalities and gender relations | 133 |
2 Land rights and gender relations | 146 |
Erosion and disinheritance traditionally matrilineal and bilateral communities | 153 |
I India | 154 |
2 The Nayars of central Kerala | 168 |
3 Matriliny and development | 179 |
II Sri Lanka | 180 |
III In conclusion | 192 |
Appendix 41 A marriage proposal among the Christian Garos | 194 |
Contemporary laws contestation and content | 198 |
I India | 199 |
2 Anomalies resulting from existing land legislation | 215 |
3 Laws governing Christians and Parsis in India | 223 |
II Pakistan Bangladesh and Muslims in India | 227 |
2 Devolution under Islamic law | 233 |
III Sri Lanka | 237 |
IV Nepal | 242 |
V Summary comments on womens legal rights in landed property in South Asia | 246 |
Whose share? Who claims? The gap between law and practice | 249 |
II Barriers to women inheriting land in traditionally patrilineal communities | 260 |
2 The necessity of male mediation | 268 |
village exogamy and patrilocality | 311 |
Tracing crossregional diversities | 316 |
I Some hypotheses | 317 |
II Information sources | 321 |
III The crossregional patterns | 325 |
2 Closekin marriages especially between crosscousins | 336 |
3 Purdah practices | 344 |
4 Sexual control over women | 345 |
5 Rural female labour force participation rates | 355 |
6 Rural female literacy rates | 358 |
7 Total fertility rates | 359 |
8 Land scarcity | 361 |
IV An overview of regional patterns | 368 |
Struggles over resources struggles over meanings | 421 |
I On womens consciousness and individual resistance | 422 |
struggles over privatized land | 438 |
2 The Telangana snuggle | 441 |
3 The Bodhgaya struggle | 444 |
claiming rights in public land | 454 |
IV Further observations on gender construction and group contestation | 458 |
The long march ahead | 467 |
I Recapitulation | 468 |
II Some suggestions some dilemmas | 478 |
2 Dowry v inheritance | 480 |
3 Establishing de facto inheritance rights in land | 483 |
4 Strengthening land claims through channels other than inheritance | 486 |
5 Exploring joint management and promoting infrastructural support | 488 |
6 Building group support among and for women | 490 |
III The macroscenario | 493 |
2 Bargaining with the State | 496 |
3 Increasing womens presence in public decisionmaking forums | 499 |
4 Some recent developments and the road ahead | 502 |
Definitions | 505 |
Glossary | 507 |
References | 510 |
553 | |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
Agarwal agricultural land Andhra Pradesh Bangladesh bargaining power Bodhgaya brothers caste cent claims close-kin marriages communities context cross-cousin cultivation custom customary daughters Dayabhaga Delhi discussion dist district divorce dowry economic endogamy especially exogamy father female Garos gender inequalities gender relations gender-progressive groups heirs Hindu households husband ideological individual inheritance rights instance Islamic Jaffna Tamils jhum joint family Kandyan Kerala Khasi labour land reform landed property landless male marital marriage married matrilineal matrilocal Mitakshara Muslim Nayars Nepal norms northwest India noted in chapter ownership Pakistan parents peasant political post-marital residence practice Punjab purdah Rajasthan regions relatives remarriage rights in land rural sexual share Shariat significant Sinhalese social sons South Asia south India Sri Lanka struggle Studies subcontinent Tamil Nadu taravad tribal Uttar Pradesh village yes widow woman women women's land rights women's rights yes n.i. yes yes
References to this book
All Book Search results »