Streamflow Measurement

adjustment angle approximation average bank base boat cable calculated calibration cause channel Chapter chart coefficient column computed constant correction courtesy crest cross-section current meter curve depth determined device difference direction discharge discharge measurements distance downstream effect equation error estimate example fall float flood flow flume follows gauge gauge height given gives greater head height illustration increase injection installed intake length less limitations located lower m³/s mean measurement measuring section method moving necessary normally noted observations obtained operation pipe plotted position possible practice procedure range reach readings recorder reference rising river sampling segment selected slope speed stage stage-discharge relation standard station stilling stream streamflow Table taken tape uncertainty upstream usually values velocity vertical water level water surface weir width zero