Ecological MethodologyEcological Methodology, Second Edition provides a balance of material on animal and plant populations, and teaches students of ecology how to design efficient tests in order to obtain maximum precision with minimal work. |
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Page 77
... chi - square for this two - tailed test . In more formal terms the decision rule is : Accept the null hypothesis if X975 < Observed chi - square < X.025 For our example , with 24 degrees of freedom Value of chi - squared 80 70 60 ...
... chi - square for this two - tailed test . In more formal terms the decision rule is : Accept the null hypothesis if X975 < Observed chi - square < X.025 For our example , with 24 degrees of freedom Value of chi - squared 80 70 60 ...
Page 507
... TEST FOR CLUMPED DISTRIBUTION ' 1 / 5X , ' CHI - SQUARED = ' , F13.3,5H WITH , 14 , ' D.F . ' / 6X , ' IF SIGNIFICANT , YO 2U HAVE A CLUMPED DISTRIBUTION ' / 6X , ' PROBABILITY OF GETTING THIS 3'VALUE OF CHI - SQUARED = ' , F8.4 ) WRITE ...
... TEST FOR CLUMPED DISTRIBUTION ' 1 / 5X , ' CHI - SQUARED = ' , F13.3,5H WITH , 14 , ' D.F . ' / 6X , ' IF SIGNIFICANT , YO 2U HAVE A CLUMPED DISTRIBUTION ' / 6X , ' PROBABILITY OF GETTING THIS 3'VALUE OF CHI - SQUARED = ' , F8.4 ) WRITE ...
Page 526
... CHI - SQUARED CHI = 0.0 DO 95 J = 1 , NA II = J - 2 IF ( XEXP ( J ) . LT.3.0 ) GO TO 88 CHI = CHI + ( ( ( XOBS ( J ) −XEXP ( J ) ) ** 2 ) / XEXP ( J ) ) GO TO 94 88 CONTINUE X = 0.0 Y = 0.0 DO 89 K = J , NA X = X + XOBS ( K ) Y = Y + ...
... CHI - SQUARED CHI = 0.0 DO 95 J = 1 , NA II = J - 2 IF ( XEXP ( J ) . LT.3.0 ) GO TO 88 CHI = CHI + ( ( ( XOBS ( J ) −XEXP ( J ) ) ** 2 ) / XEXP ( J ) ) GO TO 94 88 CONTINUE X = 0.0 Y = 0.0 DO 89 K = J , NA X = X + XOBS ( K ) Y = Y + ...
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abundance aphids Appendix assumptions bias calculations capture Caughley census zone Chapter chi-square clumped coefficient of variation confidence interval confidence limits defined density estimate distance ecological ecologists END-OF-FILE Enter equal catchability equation estimate of population estimate population example Figure finite population FORMAT 2X formula frequency distribution index of dispersion line transect mark-recapture marked animals method n₁ nearest neighbor negative binomial distribution niche breadth niche overlap normal distribution null hypothesis Number of animals Number of individuals number of quadrats number of samples number of species observed obtained parameters Petersen plot Poisson distribution population density population estimate problem Program proportion quadrat counts random points random sampling ratio READ recaptures regression sample size sample sizes sampling unit Schnabel Seber second sample simple random sampling spatial pattern standard error statistical statistical population stratum study area survival rate Table techniques Total number transformation variable variance