The land enterprize of Panama was grounded upon a false account, that the passages towards it were no better fortified than Drake had left them. Id. After king Henry united the roses, they laboured to reduce both English and Irish, which work, to what pass and perfection it was brought in queen Elizabeth's reign, hath been declared. Davies's State of Ireland. Upon consideration of the conduct and passage of affairs in former times, the state of England ought to be cleared of an imputation cast upon it. Davies. As it is advantageable to a physician to be called to the cure of a declining disease, so it is for a commander to suppress a sedition which has passed the height; for, in both, the noxious humour doth first weaken, and afterwards waste to nothing. Hayward. This business, as it is a very high passage of state, so it is worthy of serious consideration. Those loving papers Id. Thicken on you now, as prayers ascend To heaven in troops at a good man's passingbell. Donne. No strength of arms shall win this noble fort, Or shake this puissant wall, such passing might Have spells and charms, if they be said aright. Fairfax. My friends remembered me of home and said, If ever fate would signe my pass, delaid It should be now no more. Chapman. In my feare of hospitable Jove, Thou did'st to this passe my affections move. Id. You shall furnish me With cloake, and coate, and make my passage free For loved Dulichius. Id. All have liberty to take fish, which they do by standing in the water by the holes, and so intercepting their passage take great plenty of them, which otherwise would follow the water under ground. Browne's Travels. To bleed to death was one of the most desirable passages out of this world. Fell. However God may pass by single sinners in this world, yet, when a nation combines against him, the wicked shall not go unpunished. Tillotson. Others, dissatisfied with what they have, and not trusting to those innocent ways of getting more, fall to others, and pass from just to unjust. Temple. Traders in Ireland are but factors; the cause must be rather an ill opinion of security than of gain: the last intices the poorer traders, young beginners, or those of passage; but, without the first, the rich will never settle in the country. Id. When the passage is open, land will be turned most to great cattle; when shut, to sheep. Id. Her face, her hands were torn With passing through the brakes. Trust not too much to that enchanting face; Beauty's a charm, but soon the charm will pass. Dryden. Id. In counterfeits, it is with men as with false money; one piece is more or less passable than another. Iď. An idea of motion not passing on, is not better than idea of motion at rest. Locke. We see, that one who fixes his thoughts very intently on one thing, so as to take but little notice of the succession of ideas that pass in his mind, whilst he is taken up with that earnest contemplation, lets slip out of his account a good part of that duration, and thinks that time shorter than it is. Id. When, like a matron, butchered by her sons, Addison. I had only time to pass my eye over the medals, which are great in number. Id. on Italy. I wish for the wings of an eagle, to fly away to those happy seats; but the genius told me there was no passage to them, except through the gates of death. Addison. Were I not assured he was removed to advantage, I should pass my time extremely ill without him. Collier. These stage advocates are not only without truth, but without colour; could they have made the slander passable, we should have heard farther. Id. He rejected the authority of councils, and so do all the reformed; so that this wont pass for a fault in him, till 'tis proved one in us. Atterbury. Live like those who look upon themselves as being only on their passage through this state, but as belonging to that which is to come. Id. Inflammations are translated from other parts to the lungs, a pleurisy easily passeth into a peripneuArbuthnot. mony. Substances hard cannot be dissolved, but they will pass; but such, whose tenacity exceeds the powers of digestion, will neither pass, nor be converted into aliment. ld. When the gravel is separated from the kidney, oily substances relax the passages. Id. Dr. Thurston thinks the principal use of inspiration to be, to move, or pass the blood, from the right to the left ventricle of the heart. Derham. If the cause be visible, we stop at the instrument, and seldom pass on to him that directed it. Wake's Preparation for Death. Though the passage be troublesome, yet it is secure, and shall in a little time bring us ease and peace at the last. Wake. False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood, and no body will commend bad writers, that is acquainted with good. Felton on the Classics. Heedless of those cares, with anguish stung, He felt their fleeces as they passed along. Pope. In man the judgment shoots at flying game; A bird of passage! lost as soon as found; Now in the moon perhaps, now under ground. Id. As to the cantos, all the passages are as fabulous as the vision at the beginning. Id. Neither of these bills have yet passed the house of commons, and some think they may be rejected. Swift. The grossest suppositions pass upon them, that the wild Irish were taken in toyls; but that, in some time, they would grow tame. Id. Could the same parliament, which addressed with so much zeal and earnestness against this evil, pass it into a law? Id. Before the passing bell begun, The news through half the town has run. Id. The queen asked him, who he was; but he passes over this without any reply, and reserves the greatest part of his story to a time of more leisure. Broome. If we would judge of the nature of spirits, we must have recourse to our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind. Watts. How many thousands take upon them to pass their censures on the personal actions of others, and pro nounce boldly on the affairs of the publick? ld. It does not belong to this place to have that point debated, nor will it hinder our pursuit to pass it over in silence. Id. How commentators each dark passage shun, The manner how he sallied forth. Underwood. With its new foliage on, The gay, the thoughtless, have I seen. I passed-and they were gone. Couper. Time moveth not!—our being 'tis that moves: And we, swift gliding down life's rapid stream, Dream of swift ages and revolving years, Ordained to chronicle our passing days. Kirke White. PASSADE, in the manege, is a turn or course of a horse backwards or forwards on the same spot of ground. Hence there are several sorts of passades, according to the different ways of turning, in order to part or return upon the same tread, which is called closing the passade; as the passade of one time, the passade of five times, and the raised or high passades, into which the demivolts are made into curvets. PASSA'DO, n. s. Italian. A push; a thrust. A duellist, a gentleman of the very first house; ah! the immortal passade. Shakspeare. PASSADO, PASS, or PASSADE, in fencing, an advance or leap forward upon the enemy. Of these there are several kinds; as passes within, above, beneath, to the right, the left, and passes under the line, &c. The measure of the pass is when the swords are so near as that they may touch one another. PASSAGE, RIGHT OF, in commerce, is a duty exacted by some princes, either by land or sea, in certain close and narrow places in their territories, on all vessels and carriages, and even sometimes on persons or passengers, coming in or going out of ports, &c. The most celebrated passage of this kind in Europe is the Sound; The dues for passing which strait belong to the king of Denmark, and are paid at Elsinore or Cronenburg. PASSAIC, a river of New Jersey, which flows south into Newark Bay. It is navigable ten miles fo small vessels. At Paterson this river has a fall of sixty or seventy fee: perpe dicular, presenting a scene of singular beauty and grandeur. It is much visited as a natural curiosity PASŠAMAQUODDY BAY, a bay of North America, which forms a part of the boundary It is between Maine and New Brunswick. about six miles from north to south, and twelve from east to west. It contains a number of islands, as Campo Bello, Deer, Mouse, Dudley, Frederick, &c. PASSAMAN, a province in the north of the island of Sumatra, formerly part of the kingdom of Achin. It is subdivided into other provinces, and was once a place of great trade in gold and pepper. It is nearly under the equinoctial line. PASSANT, in heraldry, a term applied to a lion or other animal in a shield, appearing to walk leisurely; for most beasts, except lions, the trippant is frequently used instead of passant. PASSARON, in ancient geography, a town of Epirus, where, after sacrificing to Jupiter, the kings swore to govern according to law, and the people to obey and defend the country. PASSAU, a considerable town of Bavaria, at the confluence of the Inn and Danube, was formerly the capital of a bishopric, and is still a bishop's see, and the chief town of the circle of the Lower Danube. The Inn here is full as large, if not larger than the Danube, and the two rivers divide the town into three parts, Pas- testants as the charter of their liberties: in 1652 The bishopric of Passau formerly comprised a track of country between Bavaria, Bohemia, and Upper Austria, of 470 square miles superficial extent; population 60,000. It was secularised in 1803; and since 1815 the part lying west of the Inn belongs to Bavaria, and the rest to Austria. PASSERAT (John), a celebrated professor of eloquence in the royal college of Paris, and one of the most elegant writers of his time, was born at Troyes, in Champagne, in 1534. He studied the law under the famous Cujacius at Bourges, where he became professor of eloquence in 1572. He was an indefatigable student, and gained the esteem. of Charles IX., eary III., and all the men of wit and learning in his time. He died in 1602, and left several admired works behind him. PASSERES, in ornithology, the sixth order of birds according to the Linnæan system, are distinguished by a conical and pointed bill; the nostrils are oval, pervious, and naked; the legs are formed for hopping; the toes are slender, and divided; the bodies of those that feed on grain are pure, but of those that feed on insects impure; the nest is formed with much art. They live chiefly in trees and hedges, are monogamous, and feed their young by thrusting the food down their throats. This order includes all the singing birds; the males are the songsters. They are divided into four sections, see ORNITHOLOGY, and include the following genera. PASSERI (John Baptist), a learned antiquary and philologer, born at Gubio in Urbino, in 1694. Having entered into orders he became apostolic protonotary and vicar general of Pesara. He published many books, particularly Picture Etruscorum in Vasculis, nunc primum in unum collectæ, explicationibus et dissertationibus illustratæ, Rome, 1767, 3 tom. fol. Being overturned in his carriage, he received a bruise of which he died in 1780. PASSERT (John Baptist), a painter and poet of Italy, born in 1609. He was a disciple of Dominichino, but had more merit as an author than as a painter. He wrote the Lives of the l'ainters, Sculptors, and Architects, of his own time. He died at Rome in 1679, aged seventy. PASSIENUS (Paulus), a Roman knight, nephew of the poet Propertius, whose elegiac poetry he imitated. He also attempted Lyric poetry with success. PASSIFLORA, the passion-flower; a genus of the pentandria order and gynandria class of plants; natural order thirty-fourth, cucurbitacea: CAL. pentaphyllous; petals five; the nectarium a crown; the berry is pedicillated. There are nearly thirty different species; all natives of warm foreign countries, only one of which is sufficiently hardy to succeed well in the open ground here; all the others requiring the shelter of a green-house or stove, but chiefly the latter. The most remarkable are: 1. P. cærulea, the blue-rayed common palmated passion-flower, has long, slender, shrubby, purplish-green stalks, branchy, and ascending, upon support by their claspers, thirty or forty feet high; with one large palmated leaf at each joint, and at the axillas large spreading flowers, with whitish-green petals, and a blue radiated nectarium; succeeded by a large, oval, yellowish fruit. It flowers from July until October; the flowers are very large, conspicuous, and their composition is exceedingly curious and beautiful. They come out at the axillas on pedunculi about three inches long, which they terminate, each flower having, just close under the calyx, a three-lobed involucrum-like appendage; a five-lobed calyx, and a five-petalous corolla, the size, figure, and color of the calyx, &c., the petals arranging alternately with the calycinal lobes; and within the corolla is the nectarium, composed of a multitude of thread-like fibres, of a blue and purple color, disposed in circular rays round the column of the fructification; the outer ray is the longest, flat, and spreading on the petals the inner is short, erect, and narrows towards the centre; in the middle is an erect cylindric club-shaped column or pillar, crowned with the roundish germen, having at its base five horizontal spreading filaments, crowned with incumbent yellow antheræ, and that move about every way; and from the side of the germen arise three slender spreading styles, terminated by headed stigmas; the green afterwards gradually becomes a large oval fleshy fruit, ripening to a vellowish color. These wonderful flowers are only of one day's duration, generally opening about 11 or 12 o'clock, and frequently in hot sunny weather burst open with elasticity, and continue fully expanded all that day; and the next they gradually close, assuming a decayedlike appearance, and never open any more; the evening puts a period to their existence, but they are succeeded by new ones daily on the same plant. This plant and flowers are held in great veneration in some foreign Catholic countries, where the religious make the leaves, tendrils, and different parts of the flower, to represent the instruments of our blessed Saviour's passion; hence the name passiflora. 2. P. incarnata, the incarnated, or flesh-colored Italian passion flower, has a strong perennial root; slender, herbaceous stalks, rising, upon support, four or five feet high; leaves composed of three sawed lobes, each leaf attended by a twining tendril; and at the axillas long slender pedunculi, terminated each by one whitish flower, having a greenish calyx, and a reddish or purple radiated nectarium, surrounding the column of the fructification, which succeed to a large, round, fleshy fruit, ripening to a beautiful orange-color. The flowers of this species are also very beautiful, though of short duration, opening in the morning and night puts a period to their beauty; but they are succeeded by a daily supply of new ones. The fruit of this sort is also very ornamental, as ripening to a fine reddish orange-color; but these rarely attain perfection here, unless the plants are placed in the stove; therefore, when there is such accommodation, it highly merits that indulgence, where it will exhibit both flowers and green and ripe fruit; all at the same time in a beautiful manner. 3. P. vespertilio, the bat's wing passion-flower, has slender, striated, branchy stalks; large, bilobate, or two-lobed leaves, the base roundish and glandular, the lobes acute, widely divaricated like a bat's wings, and dotted underneath; the axillary flowers having white petals and rays. The leaves of this species have a singular appearance, the two lobes being expanded six or seven inches, resembling the wings of a bat upon flight; hence the name vespertilio. All the species in this country are of a tender quality, except the first, which succeeds very well in the full ground, in a warm situation; only their young branches are sometimes killed in very severe winters; but plenty of new ones generally rise again in spring following: the others denominated stove kinds, must always be retained in that repository. PASSINELLI (Laurence), an eminent historical painter, born in 1629, at Bologna; in which city there are some of his best pieces. He died in 1700, aged seventy-one. PASSION, n. s. & v. n. Fr. and-Span. pasPASSIONATE, adj. & v. a. sion; Ital. passione ; PASSIONATELY, adv. Lat. passio. An ef PASSIONATENESS, 1. 8. fect produced by exPASSION-WEEK. ternal agency; susceptibility of such effect, particularly mental susceptibility; emotion or commotion of mind; eagerness; a particular kind of mental emotion, as anger, zeal, &c. Used emphatically, in theology, for the last sufferings of the Redeemer of mankind: hence the compound, passion-week, the week in which his sufferings have been commemorated: to passion is used by Shakspeare for to be agitated extremely: passionate is, moved, or apt to be moved, by passion; soon angry to passionate, to affect with or to express passion: passionately and passionateness follow the senses of passionate. : He shewed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofs. Acta i. 3. Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, That godly king and queen did passionate, Whilst they his pitiful adventures heard, That oft they did lament his luckless state. Spenser. My whole endeavour is to resolve the conscience, and to shew what, in this controversy, the heart is to think, if it will follow the light of sound and sincere judgment, without either cloud of prejudice or mist of passionate affection. All the other passions fleet to air, Hooker. As doubtful thoughts and rash embraced despair. I am doubtful, lest You break into some merry passion, And so offend him : Shakspeare. If you should smile, he grows impatient. Id. "Twas Ariadne passioning For Theseus' perjury and unjust flight. Id. Thy niece and I want hands, The differences of mouldable and not mouldable, scissible and not scissible, and many other passions of matter, are plebeian notions, applied to the instruments men ordinarily practise. Bacon. Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets, and doth not keep at home. Id. Thucydides observes that men are much more passionate for injustice than for violence; because the one, coming as from an equal, seems rapine; when the other, proceeding from one stronger, is but the effect of necessity: Clarendon. In his prayers, as his attention was fixt and steady, so was it inflamed with passionate fervors. Fell. To love with some passionateness the person you would marry is not only allowable but expedient. Boyle. Passion's too fierce to be in fetters bound, And nature flies him like enchanted ground. Dryden. If sorrow expresses itself never so loudly and passionately, and discharges itself in never so many tears, yet it will no more purge a man's heart, than the washing of his hands can cleanse the rottenness of his bones. South's Sermons. Men, upon the near approach of death, have been roused up into such a lively sense of their guilt, such a passionate degree of concern and remorse, that, if ten thousand ghosts had appeared to them, they scarce could have had a fuller conviction of their danger. Atterbury. Survey yourself, and then forgive your slave, Think what a passion such a form must have. Granville. Abate a little of that violent passion for fine cloaths, so predominant in your sex. Swift. The word passion signifies the receiving any action, in a large philosophical sense; in a more limited philosophical sense, it signifies any of the affections of human nature; as love, fear, joy, sorrow: but the Watts. common people confine it only to anger. Would a man know himself, he must study his natural temper; his constitutional inclinations and favourite passions. Mason. Self-knowledge will be a good ballast to the mind under any accidental hurry or disorder of the passions. Upon that his PASSION is a word of which, as Dr. Reid observes, the meaning is not precisely ascertained, either in common discourse or in the writings of philosophers. In its original import it denotes every feeling of the mind occasioned by an extrinsic cause; but it is generally used to signify some agitation of mind, opposed to that state of tranquillity in which a man is most master of himself. That it was thus used by the Greeks and Romans is evident from Cicero's rendering aboç, the word by which the philosophers of Greece expressed it, by perturbatio in Latin. In this sense of the word, passion, cannot be itself a distinct and independent principle of action; but only an occasional degree of vehemence given to those dispositions, desires, and affections, which are at all times present to the mind of man; and that this is its proper sense, we need no other proof, than that passion has always been conceived to bear analogy to a storm at sea, or to a tempest in the air. With respect to the number of passions of which the mind is susceptible, different opinions have been held by different authors. Le Brun, a French writer on painting, justly considering the expression of the passions as a very important as well as difficult branch of his art, has enumerated no fewer than twenty, of which the signs may be expressed by the pencil on canvas. That there are so many different states of |