Batavia; the exports consist of gold dust, canes, rattans, dragon's blood, &c. Long. 101° 40′ E., lat. 6° 50′ N. PATAPSCO, a river of Maryland, which runs south-east into Chesapeake Bay, between North Point and Bodkin's Point. It is navigable to Fell's Point, in Baltimore, fourteen miles, for ships drawing eighteen feet water. PATARA, the capital of Lycia, east of the mouth of the Xanthus; famous for a temple and oracle of Apollo. Livy, Mela. For the six winter months, Apollo gave answers at Patara; and for the six summer at Delos (Virgil, Servius); these are the Lycia Sortes of Virgil. The town was situated in a peninsula, called Lyciorum Chersonesus. Stephanus. There is still a place on the sea-coast of Caramania, the supposed Patara of history. The theatre contains thirty-four rows of marble seats entire, and is distinguished also by the superior preservation of its proscenium. The circuit of the walls may be traced, and temples, altars, pedestals, and fragments of sculpture, are in profusion. It is almost deserted, however, as a habitation of men. PATAVINITY, among critics, a peculiarity of Livy's diction; from Patavium, the place of his nativity; but wherein this patavinity consists they are by no means agreed. In all probability it is one of those delicacies that are lost in a dead language. PATAVIUM, a town of Gallia Transpadana, on the left or north bank of the Medoacus Minor; founded by Antenor the Trojan Mela, Virgil, Seneca. Now called Padua. in. s. Ital. pezza; Span. There is that visible symmetry in a human body, Foreign her air, her robe's discordant pride Id. Swift. PATCH, v. n. & n. s.~ PATCH'ER, N. S. PATCH'ERY, suggests, more probably We begged her but to patch her face, PATCH WORK. a corruption of BOTCH, She never hit one proper place. which see. To mend or cover with new pieces; Whoever only reads to transcribe shining remarks, hence make up of different pieces or shreds; mend clumsily; as the ladies formerly endea- without entering into the genius and spirit of the voured to do with respect to their faces, by deco-author, will be apt to be misled out of the regular way of thinking; and all the product of all this will rating them with small spots of black silk: a be found a manifest incoherent piece of patchwork. patch is, a piece sewed on or inverted with a view to mending or variegating a portion of work; a small spot of black silk stuck on the face; a small piece of ground: a patcher, he or she who patches: patchery, botchery; bungling work; forgery: patchwork is work made by inserting pieces of different colors or patterns in the same design. Id. To patchwork learned quotations are allied, PATCHOW ISLANDS, a group of islands on the coast of China, the eastern extremity of which is formed by Typinsan, a large island, having on its north side a reef, on which the Providence, captain Broughton, was wrecked in 1797, in long. 125° 11′ E., lat. 25° 6' N. These islands are tributary to the great Liquejo. PATE, n. s. Derived by Skinner from Fr. tête, more probably from the Ital. or Span. patena, a skull. The head. Now commonly used in contempt or ridicule; but anciently in serious language. Behold the despaire, By custome and covetous pates, Senseless man, that himself doth hate, To love another; Tusser. Here take thy lover's token on thy pate. Spenser. That, for a bruised or broken pate, Has freed you from those knobs that grow Much harder on the married brow. If only scorn attends men for asserting the church's dignity, many will rather chuse to neglect their duty, than to get a broken pate in the church's service. South. No; not a single thought like that Couper. Or troubles it at all. PATELLA, in anatomy (from patina, a dish, so named from its shape). Rotula. The kneepan. A small flat-bone, somewhat resembling the common figure of the heart, with its point downwards, and which is placed at the fore-part of the joint of the knce. Anteriorly it is a little convex, and rough for the insertion of muscles and ligaments; posteriorly it is smooth, covered with cartilage, and divided by a middle longitudinal ridge into two slightly concave surfaces, of which the external one is the largest and deepest. It is thus exactly adapted to the pulley of the os femoris. The edges of this posterior surface are rough and prominent where the capsular ligament is attached, and below is a roughness at the point of the bone, where the upper extremity of a strong tendinous ligament is fixed, which joins this bone to the tuberosity at the upper end of the tibia. This ligament is of considerable thickness, about an inch in breadth, and upwards of two inches in length. See ANATOMY. PATELLA, in Zoology, the limpet, a genus belonging to the order of vermes testacea; the animal is of the snail kind. The shells are of that class which is called univalves; they have no contour, and are in the form of little pointed cones. They are always attached to some hard body. Their summit is sometimes acute, sometimes obtuse, flatted, turned back, or perforated. The rock, or other hard body to which they are always found adhering, serves as a kind of second or under shell to preserve them from injury; and for this reason Aldrovandus and Rondelet have classed them among the bivalves; but in this they have not been followed. There are very many species of this genus, which are principally distinguished by peculiarities in their shells. Dr. Roes gives 250 in his Cyclopædia. PATELLA, in entomology, is also a name given by Lister and others to a little husk or shell, found on the bark of the cherry, plum, rose, and other trees, containing an animal within, and useful in coloring. These patella are of the form of globes, except when they adhere to the tree, and are for the most part of a shining chestnut color. The husk itself strikes a very fine crimson color on paper, and within it is found a white maggot which is of no value: this, in time, hatches into a very small but beautiful bee. The size of this bee is about half that of an ant. They have a sting like bees, and three spots in a triangle on the forehead, supposed to be eyes. They are black, and have a large round whitish or pale yellow spot on the back. The upper pair of wings are shaded and spotted, but the under pair are clear. It might be worth while to try whether the color they yield might not be useful. The deepest colored husks afford the finest and deepest purple; they must be used while the animal in them is in the maggot form; for when it is changed into the bee state the shell is dry and colorless. Lister, who first observed these patellæ, went so far on comparing them with the common kermes as to assert that they were of the same nature with that production; but his account of their being the workmanship of a bee, to preserve her young maggot in, is not agreeable to the true history of the kermes; for that is an insect of a very peculiar kind. It is possible that these patella may be the same genus of animals with the kermes, but then it produces its young within this shell or husk, which is no other than the skin of the body of the mother animal; but as there are many flies whose worms or maggots are lodged in the bodies of other animals, perhaps this little bee may lay its egg in the body of the proper insect, and the maggot hatched from that egg may eat up the proper progeny, and, undergoing its own natural changes there, issue out at length in form of the bee. This may have been the case in some few which Dr. Lister examined · and he may have been misled by this to sup pose it the natural change of the insect. PATʼEN, n. s. Lat. patina. A plate. Not in use. The floor of heaven Is thick inlaid with patens of bright gold; PATENT, adj. & n. s. Į PATENTFE, n. s. pa to all; as letters patent: hence a writ or order conferring a privilege or exclusive right: patentee is one who is possessed of such right by public law or orders. In Ireland, where the king disposes of bishopricks merely by his letters patent, without any Congé d'Elire, which is still kept up in England; though to no other purpose than to shew the ancient right of the church to elect her own bishops. Lesley. If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend: if it touch not you, it comes near no body. Shakspeare. So will I grow, so live, so die, Id. Midsummer Night's Dream. If his tenant and patentee dispose of his gift, without his kingly consent, the lands shall revert to the king. Bacon. Madder is esteemed a commodity that will turn to good profit; so that, in king Charles the first's time, it was made a patent commodity. Mortimer. We are censured as obstinate, in not complying with a royal patent. Swift. In the patent granted to lord Dartmouth the securities obliged the patentee to receive his money back upon every demand. Id. PATER (Paul), a learned Hungarian, born at Menersdorf, in 1659; and driven from hus country, when young, on account of his being a Protestant. The duke of Wolfenbuttel made him his librarian, and he became professor of mathematics in the college of Dantzic; where he died in 1724. He published many works on literature and philosophy. PATER PATRATUs, the first and principal person in the ancient college of heralds called Feciales. Some say he was a constant officer and perpetual chief of that body; and others suppose him to have been a temporary minister, elected upon account of making peace or denouncing war, which were both done by him. See FECIALES. PATERA, in antiquity (from pateo, Lat. to be open), a large open goblet or vessel, used by the Romans in their sacrifices; wherein they offered their consecrated meats to the gods, and wherewith they made libations. On medals the patera is seen in the hands of several deities; and often in those of princes, to mark the sacerdotal authority joined with the imperial, &c. F. Joubert observes that, besides the patera, there is frequently an altar upon which the patera seems to be pouring its contents. The patera was of gold, silver, marble, brass, glass, or earth; and they used to enclose it in urns with the ashes of the deceased, after it had served for the libation of the wine and liquors at the funeral. The patera is an ornament in architecture, frequently seen in the Doric frieze, and the tympans of arches; and they are sometimes used by themselves to ornament a space. In this case it is common to hang a string of husks or drapery over them; sometimes they are much enriched with foliage, and have a mask or a head in the centre. In the Royal Cabinet of Antiquities in Paris is a most magnificent one in gold, of which Millin has given a description (together with a drawing) in his Monumens Antiques Inédits. This elegant monument of art is nine inches and upwards in diameter. The subject represented on it is a contest between Hercules and Bacchus as to which could drink most. The contesting deities have drained all their drinking cups except the last, which Bacchus is about to empty at one draught. He holds the vase with a firm hand, and looks scornfully on his vanquished rival, who appears to be sinking down from the effects of intoxication. This beautiful vase was discovered at Rennes, in Brittany, on the 26th of March, 1774, by some masons who were at work in pulling down a chapter house. PATERCULUS (Caius Velleius), an ancient Roman historian, who flourished in the reign of Tiberius Caesar, was born A. U. C. 735. His grandfather espoused the party of Tiberius Nero, the emperor's father; but, being old and infirm, and not being able to accompany Nero when he retired from Naples, he killed himself. His father was a soldier of rank, and Paterculus was a military tribune when Caius Cæsar, a grandson of Augustus, had an interview with the king of the Parthians, in an island of the Euphrates, in 753. He commanded the cavalry in Germany under Tiberius, and accompanied that prince for nine years successively in all his expeditions. He received honorable rewards from him; but was preferred to no higher dignity than the prætorship. The praises he bestows upon Sejanus make it probable that he was a friend of this favorite, and was involved in his ruin. He died A. U. C. 784, when in his fiftieth year. He wrote an Abridgment of the Roman I disclain all my paternal care, Grace signifies the paternal favour of God to his They spend their days in joy unblamed dwell Long time in peace, by families and tribes, Milton's Paradise Lost. Dryden. To thy paternal seat, the Sabine field, Addison. A young heir kept short by his father, might be known by his countenance; in this case, the paternity and filiation leave very sensible impressions. Arbuthnot. This origination in the divine paternity, as bishop Pearson speaks, hath anciently been looked upon as Waterland. the assertion of the unity. PATERSON (Samuel), was born in 1725. His father died when he was very young, and, his guardian failing, he lost his fortune. Being lame, and not having been brought up to any profession, he chose that of a bookseller, in which he was unsuccessful. He then commenced auctioneer, and, after struggling with much distress, was appointed librarian to the marquis of Lansdown. He died 29th of October, 1802. He wrote and published, 1. A dissertation on the equestrian figure of the George and Garter; by Dr. Pertingall, 1753. 2. The Travels of Caiat Junior, 1767. 3. Janeriana, or a Book of Scraps. 4. The Templar, a weekly paper; and 5. Speculations on Law and Lawyers. But what rendered him chiefly famous was his talent at drawing up catalogues. The catalogues which he made of many valuable libraries sell at high prices. PATH', 7. 8. Sax. pað; Wel. paith. PATH LESS, adj. Way: road; track, particuPATHWAY, 2. S.larly a foot road or track; passage: pathless is, untrodden; unmarked by paths; desert: path-way, a road particularly for foot passengers; any passage. For darkness, where is the place thereof? that thou shouldst know the paths to the house thereof. Job xxxviii. 20. Jer. xliv. 1, 15. Ezek. xxix. 14, xxx. 14. Wc are uncertain of its situation. Pliny and Ptolemy call it Phaturis; and it appears to have been in Upper Egypt. Isaiah (xii. 2) calls it Pathros; and it is the country of the Pathrusim, the posterity of Mizraim, mentioned by Moses, Gen. x. 14. Ezekiel threatens them with an entire ruin. The Jews retired thither, notwithstanding the remonstrances of Jeremiah; but PATIENT, adj., n. s. & v. a. ? Fr. patient; Ital. patienza; PATIENTLY. In the way of righteousness is life, and in the Isaiah foretold their return. pathway thereof there is no death. Prov. xii. 28. Ask thou the citizens of pathless woods; What cut the air with wings, what swim in floods? Sandys. Alas, that love, whose view is muffled still, Should without eyes see pathways to his ill. Shakspeare. Like one that had been led astray Through the heaven's wide pathless way. Lat. patiens. Enduring; with of before the thing endured; calm; meek; the adjective corresponding. Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matthew. Warn them that are unruly, support the weak, be patient toward all men. 1 Thess. v. 14. Necessary patience in seeking the Lord is better than he that leadeth his life without a guide. Ecclus. xx. 32. You deal with me like a physician, that, seeing his patient in a pestilent fever, should chide instead of administering help, and bid him be sick no more. Sidney. Through ignorance of the disease, through unreasonableness of the time, instead of good he worketh hurt, and out of one evil throweth the patient into many miseries. Spenser. By their patience be it spoken, the apostles preached as well when they wrote, as when they spake the gospel. Hooker. That which they grant, we gladly accept at their hands, and wish that patiently they would examine how little cause they have to deny that which as yet they grant not. Ild. The king-becoming graces, Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude; I have no relish of them. Shakspeare. Macbeth. Be patient, and I will stay. Id. Henry VI. proper patients he kind agents brings, In various leagues binds disagreeing things. Το Shakspeare. and noun substantive correspond. His page that handful of wit; 'Tis most pathetical. These reasons so pathetically urged and so admirably raised by the prosopopeia of nature, speaking to her children with so much authority, deserve the pains I have taken. Dryden. How pathetick is that expostulation of Job, when, for the trial of his patience, he was made to look upon himself in this deplorable condition! Spectator. While thus pathetick to the prince he spoke, From the brave youth the streaming passion broke. Pope. Tully considered the dispositions of a sincere and less mercurial nation, by dwelling on the pathetick part. Swift. PATHOGNOMON'ICK, adj. Gr. παθογ vμovikos, пazog, and ytrwok, to know. Such signs of a disease as are inseparable, or indicate the essence or real nature of it; not symptomatic. He has the true pathognomonick sign of love, jealousy; for nobody will suffer his mistress to be treated so. Arbuthnot. PATHOLOGY. See MEDICINE. PATHROS, a city and canton of Egypt, which the prophets Jeremiah and Ezekiel mention; Lament not, Eve, but patiently resign What justly thou hast lost. Creech. Milton's Paradise Lost. To this outward structure was joined strength of constitution, patient of severest toil and hardship. I die. Fell. Grieved, but unmoved, and patient of your scorn, Dryden's Theocritus. Nor will the raging fever's fire abate With golden canopies or beds of state; But the poor patient will as soon be found On the hard matress or the mother ground. Dryden. It is wonderful to observe how inapprehensive these patients are of their disease, and backward to believe their case is dangerous, Blackmore. Could men but once be persuaded patiently to attend to the dictates of their own minds, religion would gain more proselytes. Calamy's Sermons. : Swift. Ned is in the gout, Lies racked with pain, and you without, How patiently you hear him groan! How glad the case is not your own! Action and passion are modes which belong to substances when a smith with a hammer strikes a piece of iron, the hammer and the smith are both agents or subjects of action; the one supreme, and the other subordinate: the iron is the patient or the subject of passion, in a philosophical sense, because it receives the operation of the agent. Watts. He learnt with patience, and with meekness taught; His life was but the comment of his thought. Harte. But once enslaved, farewell! I could endure Chains no where patiently: and chains at home, Where I am free by birthright, not at all. Cowper. PATIGUMO (a corruption of the words pate de guimauve), a sort of lozenge much used on the continent, as an agreeable and useful remedy for catarrhal defluxions, and supposed by Dr. Percival to consist of gum arabic combined with sugar and the whites of eggs. But it is said that the powdered substance of the marshmallow is the chief ingredient of the composition. PATIN (Charles), M. D., a celebrated French author who excelled in the knowledge of medals. He was born in Paris in 1633. He studied physic, took his degrees, and practised with great success. In 1676 he was appointed professor of physic in Padua; and in 1679 was created a knight of St. Mark, He died in that city in 1694. His works are numerous. See NUMISMATOLOGY. PATIN, or PATINA, ærugo, or the green rust of copper, so much valued by antiquarians, as an evidence of the genuineness of ancient copper coins. Instead of corroding the metal, as the rust of iron does, patina is the best preservative of ancient copper coins. This rust is sometimes counterfeited, and a false patina substituted for that which is true. The false varnish is black, greasy, and shining, and is besides very tender when touched with a burin or needle. The ancient, on the contrary, has none of these qualities, and is as hard as the coin itself. Mr. Pinkerton observes, that sometimes a light green, coally-like varnish is produced, spotted with a kind of iron marks. This is made of sulphur, verdigris, and vinegar; and is to be often distinguished, among other marks, by hair strokes of the brush with which it was laid on. The following hints are given by Vico, whom Pinkerton cites, respecting false patina. He describes it as green, black, russef or brown, gray, and iron color. The green is made with verdigris; the black is smoke of sulphur; the VOL. XVI. gray is formed of chalk steeped in urina, in which the coin is left for some days. The russet most nearly approaches the natural patina, being a kind of froth formed by the fire from ancient coins; but when false it is too shining. The large brass coins of the Ptolemies are often employed in producing it, since they are frequently corroded these are made red hot, and, the metals being put in them, a fine rust adheres. Vico does not explain the process of iron color. Sometimes, he says, they take an old defaced coin, covered with real ancient patina, and stamp it afresh; but the patina is then too bright in the cavities and too dull in the protuberances. It may be observed, in conclusion, that the trial of brass coins with the tongue is often serviceable; for, if modern, the patina tastes pungent or bitter; while, if ancient, it is perfectly tasteless. PATIZITHES, one of the Persian Magi, whose brother having a strong resemblance to Smerdis, the second son of Cyrus the Great, he raised him to the throne on the death of Cambyses, pretending that he was prince Smerdis. See PERSIA. PATKUL (John Reinhold, Count), a brave and accomplished nobleman, born in Livonia. He was employed to represent the grievances of that province to Charles XI. of Sweden; which he did with intrepidity and freedom. For this the king caused him to be prosecuted for high treason; when he was condemned to lose his head. Patkul, however, escaped, and entered into the service of Peter the Great; but, while acting as the czar's ambassador to Augustus, king of Poland, whom he had formerly served, he was most ungratefully delivered up a prisoner, by that monarch, to Charles XII.; who caused him to be broken alive on the wheel, with every circumstance of ignominy and aggravated cruelty, on the 30th of September, 1707. PATMOS, an island of the Grecian archipelago, situated in N. lat. 37° 20′, E. long. 26° 35', consists of two portions of an island united by an isthmus. It is encompassed with porphyry rocks, black and porous, full of crystals of feldspar. On a hill at the junction of the two parts of the island the Greeks once built a fort, the remains of which are still visible; they consist of walls flanked with towers, of very solid masonry and of the porphyry found in the country. On a mountain elevated above the rest is the monastery of St. John the Evangelist; it was in a grotto excavated in the rock that the apostle, banished into Patmos, is said to have written the book of the Revelation. From this height an extensive and delightful view all round strikes the eye; few spectacles in nature have equal beauty. The monastery on the summit,. which is fortified like a castle, is the residence of a hermit, renowned for his devotions and pretended revelations; and the island is filled with little churches and chapels, which here occupy the place of houses; there are about 240 of these churches, while the houses do not exceed 600. The monastery itself contains about 500 monks, and has a revenue of 200 purses. The caloyers or priests are very ignorant; M. de Choiseul found only three who 2 X |