hence a guardian saint; and one who has the donation of a church living: patronage is the quality or state of being a patron; protection or support; guardianship; donation of, or right of presentation to, a benefice: to patronage is used by Shakspeare for to patronise: patronal is, guardian; protecting; supporting: patroness, the feminine of patron: patronise, to support; protect; countenance.

Lady, most worthy of all duty, how falls it out that you, in whom all virtue shines, will take the patronage of fortune, the only rebellious handmaid against virtue?

Sidney.

I have been esteemed and patronised by the grandfather, the father, and the son. Dryden.

St. Michael is mentioned as the patron of the Jews, and is now taken by the Christians as the protector general of our religion.

Id.

He petitioned his patroness, who gave him for answer, that providence had assigned every bird its proportion. L'Estrange.

Whether the minds of men have naturally imprinted on them the ideas of extension and number, leave to those who are the patrons of innate principles. Locke.

All tenderness of conscience against good laws is hypocrisy, and patronised by none but men of design, who look upon it as the fittest engine to get into power. South.

From certain passages of the poets, several ships made choice of some god or other for their guardians, as among the Roman Catholicks every vessel is recommended to the patronage of some particular

saint.

Addison.

Far more the patrons than the clerks inflame, Patrons of sense afraid, but not of vice, Or swoln with pride, or sunk in avarice. Wesley. Patron of all those luckless brains,

Cowper.

That, to the wrong side leaning, Indite much metre with much pains, And little or no meaning. PATRON, among the ancient Romans, was an appellation given to a master who had freed his slave. As soon as the relation of master expired, that of patron began: for the Romans, in giving their slaves their freedom, did not despoil themselves of all rights and privileges in them; the law still subjected them to considerable services and duties towards their patrons, the neglect of which was very severely punished. Patron was also a name which the ancient Romans gave to some great man, under whose protection they usually put themselves; paying him all kinds of honor and respect, and denominating themselves his clients; while the patron, on his side, granted them his credit and protection. They were therefore mutually attached and mutually obliged to each other; and thus, in consequence of reciprocal ties, all those seditions, jealousies, and animosities, which are sometimes the effect of a difference of rank, were prudently avoided; for it was the duty of the patron to advise his clients in points of law, to manage their suits, to take care of them as of his own children, and secure their peace and happiness. The clients were to assist their patrons with money on several occasions; to ransom them or their children when taken in war; to contribute to the portions of their daughters; and to defray, in part, the charges of their public employments. They were never to accuse each other, or take contrary sides and, if either of them was convicted of having violated this law, the crime was equal to that of treason, and any one was allowed to kill the offender with impunity. This patronage was a tie as effectual as any consanguinity or alliance, and had a wonderful effect towards maintaining union and concord among the people for the space of 600 years; during which time we find no dissensions nor jealousies between the patrons and their clients, even in the times of the republic, when the populace frequently mutinied against those who were most powerful in the city.

PATRON, in the church of Rome, a saint whose name a person bears, or under whose protection he is put, and whom he takes particular care to invoke; or a saint in whose name a church or order is founded.

PATRON, in the canon or common law, a person who, having the advowson of a parsonage, vicarage, or the like spiritual promotion, belonging to his manor, has on that account the gift and disposition of the benefice, and may present to it whenever it becomes vacant. The patron's right of disposing of a benefice originally arises either from the patron or his ancestors, &c., be

ing the founders or builders of the church; from their having given lands for the maintenance thereof; or from the church's being built on their ground.

PATRONAGE, Lat. patronatus, or advowson, is a sort of incorporeal hereditament, consisting in

the right of presentation to a church or ecclesiastical benefice. Advowson, advocatio, signifies the taking into protection; and therefore is sy nonymous with patronage, and he who has the right of advowson is called the patron of the church. For when lords of manors first built churches in their own demesnes, and appointed the tithes of those manors to be paid to the officiating ministers, which before were given to the clergy in common, the lord who thus built a church, and endowed it with a glebe,or land, had, of common right, a power annexed of nominating such minister as he pleased (provided he were canonically qualified) to officiate in that church of which he was the founder, endower, maintainer, and patron. Advowsons are either advowsons appendant, or advowsons in gross. They are also either presentative, collative, or donative. See ADVOWSON. As the law now stands, if the true patron once waives his privilege of donation, and presents to the bishop, and his clerk is admitted and instituted, the advowson becomes for ever presentative, and shall never become donative any more. For these exceptions to general rules and common right are ever looked upon by the law in an unfavorable view, and construed as strictly as possible. If therefore the patron, in whom such peculiar right resides, does once give up that right, the law, which loves uniformity, will interpret it to be done with an intention of giving it up for ever; and will therefore reduce it to the standard of other ecclesiastical livings. See LAW.

PATRONAGE, ARMS OF, in heraldry, are those on the top of which are some marks of subjection and dependence; thus the city of Paris lately bore the fleur-de-lis in chief to show her subjection to the king; and the cardinals, on the top of their arms, bear those of the pope, who gave them the hat, to show that they are his subjects.

PATRONYM'IC, n. s. Fr. patronymique; Gr. πατρονυμικος. Name expressing that of a father or ancestor: as, Tydides the son of Tydeus.

It ought to be rendered the son, Tectonides being a patronymick. Broome.

PATRONYMICS, among grammarians, are derived, 1. From the name of the father; as Pelides, i. e. Achilles the son of Peleus. 2. From the mother; as Philyrides, i. e. Chiron the son of Philyra. 3. From the grandfather on the father's side; as acides, i. e. Achilles the grandson of Eacus. 4. From the grandfather by the mother's side; as Atlantiades, i. e. Mercury the grandson of Atlas. And 5. From the kings and founders of nations; as Romulidæ, i. e. the Romans, from their founder king Romulus. The terminations of Greek and Latin patronymics are chiefly four, viz. des, of which we have examples above; as, Thaumantias, i. e. Iris, the daughter of Thaumas; is, as Atlantis, i. e. Electra the daughter of Atlas; and ne, as Nerine the daughter of Nereus. Of these terminations, des is masculine; and as, is, and ne, feminine: des and ne are of the first declension, as and is of the third. The Russians, in their usual mode of address, never prefix any title or appellation of respect to their names:

but persons of all ranks, even those of the first distinction, call each other by their Christian names, to which they add a patronymic. These patronymics are formed in some cases by adding vitch to the Christian name of the father; in others by of or ef; the former is applied only to persons of condition, the latter to those of inferior rank. Thus, Ivan Ivanovitch, Ivan Ivanof. is Ivan the son of Ivan, Peter Alexivich, Peter Alexiof, Peter the son of Alexis. The female patronymic is Efna, Ofna, or Owna, as Sophia Alexeefna or Alexiowna, Sophia the daughter of Alexis; Maria Ivanofna or Ivanowna, Mary the daughter of John.

PATROS, a country mentioned by Jeremiah and Ezekiel, appears from the context to mean a part of Egypt. Bocchart thinks it denotes the Higher Egypt: the Septuagint translate it the country of Pathure, Pliny mentions Nomos Phaturites in the Thebais; and Ptolemy, Pathyris, probably the metropolis.

PATRU (Oliver), a counsellor in parliament, and dean of the French Academy, born at Paris, in 1604. Upon his admission into the French academy, in 1640, he made an oration of thanks, which gave rise to the custom of admissory speeches. He died very poor, on the 16th of January, 1681. The great exactness with which he finished every thing he wrote did not permit him to publish much. His miscellaneous works were printed at Paris in 1670, 4to.; the third edition in 1714, 4to., was augmented with several pieces. They consist of Pleadings, Orations, Letters, Lives of some of his Friends, Remarks upon the French Language, &c.

PATTAN, or PUTTUN, a Mahratta district of Hindostan, province of Gujerat, situated about 24° N. lat. The country is thinly inhabited and poorly cultivated. It contains the remains of an ancient capital, called also Puttun or Nehrwalla.

PATTAN, a town of Hindostan, province of Aurungabad, belonging to the Nizam. Long. 75° 33′ E., lat. 19° 29′ N.

PATTAN, or PUTN, a town of the province of Nepaul, Northern Hindostan. It is situated at the distance of one mile and a half from Catmandoo, on the banks of the Bhagmutty River. It is a neat town, and contains a number of good stone houses. Long. 85° 40′ E., lat. 27° 31' N. There are other places of this name in Hindos

tan.

PATTEEALAHI, a city of the province of Delhi, Hindostan, now the residence of one of the seik chiefs. It is said to have been founded by Rai Ram Deo, about the year 1465. It is surrounded with a strong mud wall, and has in the centre of it a square citadel, which contains the palace of the rajah. For a long period it was the residence of the collectors of the district, many of whom expended large sums of money in temples, mosques, and gardens, for which it was much celebrated. It also contains the tombs of a number of devout Mahometans, and is still the most flourishing town in the district of Sirhind. Long. 75° 33. E., lat. 30° 18′ N. PATTEN, n. s. Fr. patin; Ital. pattino. A shoe of wood with an iron ring, worn under the common shoe by women, to keep them from the dirt.

Underneath the umbrella's oily shed, Safe through the wet on clinking pattens tread. Guy. PATTER, v. n. Dr. Johnson says from Fr. patte, the foot; but more probably a frequentative of PAT. To make a quick repeated noise like the quick steps of many feet.

Patt'ring hail comes pouring on the main, When Jupiter descends in hardened rain.

Druden. The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard By such as wander through the forest walks. Thomson.

PATTERN, n. s. & v. a. Fr. and Span. patron, of Lat. patro. An exemplar or example; archetype; copy designed to be followed; specimen; instance: to pattern is used by Shakspeare, after the Fr. patronner, for to make a copy as well as for to serve as a copy or example. As though your desire were that the churches of old should be patterns for us to follow, and even glasses wherein we might see the practice of that which by you is gathered out of scripture. Hooker.

They hold that from the very apostles' time till this present age, wherein yourselves imagine ye have found out a right pattern of sound discipline, there never was any time safe to be followed.

Id.

This pattern should be our guide, in our present state of pilgrimage.

Atterbury.

Take pattern by our sister star, Delude at once and bless our sight; When you are seen, be seen from far, And chiefly chuse to shine by night. Swift. PATTI, a beautiful town in the north-west of Sicily, situated on an eminence, near a bay of Its streets terminate in a piazza or square; and the principal building is the cathedral. An earthen-ware manufacture here supplies a great part of the island. The surrounding country displays the greatest beauty and fertility. Inhabitants 5000. Thirty-three

the same name.

iniles west of Messina.

PATTRINGTON, a market town and parish, of Yorkshire, seated on a branch of the Humber, ten miles south-east from Hedon, and 191 north of London. The church is well built, and has a

lofty spire, which serves as a landmark for entering the Humber. This town had formerly the advantage of a commodious harbour, and was much more populous, but its haven, a mile distant, will now only adinit vessels of very small burden. Market on Saturday.

PATTUR. PATIUGOTIA, or the Stone Quay, a town of the district of Boglipore, Bengal, pleasantly situated at the foot of a range of hills, on the eastern bank of the Ganges, which here is very dangerous for boats, containing many large stones. Near this place, also, there is a rock in the river, on which are carved representations of the Hindoo deities. It is situated seven miles below Colgong. There are several other places

of this name in Hindostan. PATU (Claudius Peter), a French dramatist, born at Paris in 1729. In 1754 he published a comedy, entitled Adieux du Gout, which had lated several English comedies with great taste a great run. He came to England, and transand accuracy. He went with M. Palissot to Geeva, to see Voltaire, who received him with great kindness. He afterwards went to Naples and Rome, but died of a consumption in 1757, soon after his return to Paris, aged twenty-eight.

PATUKET FALLS, on the Merrimack, between Chelmsford and Dracut, a little above the mouth of Concord River, one mile and a half below the head of Middlesex Canal, ten miles west of Andover. The perpendicular descent is twenty-eight feet. A canal, one mile and a half long, is constructed around the falls, and a bridge is built across the river at the principal descent. Here is a small village in the township of Chelmsford, with a post-office and two cotton manufactories.

PATUXENT, a river of Maryland, which runs south-east into Chesapeake Bay, eighteen miles north of the Potomac. It is navigable for vessels of 250 tons to Nottingham, fifty miles.

PAU, an island of the South Pacific Ocean, one of the Tefee group. It is famous for sandal wood, particularly a part of it called Vootha. Vessels repairing hither can obtain several tons at a time. The natives have curled hair, and are fierce and warlike, and occasionally treacherous. It seems that they are among the principal cannibals now existing in the world. Their dress is very scanty, and their skins coarse and unoiled; and manners, they are inferior to the Friendly and on the whole, both in personal appearance Islanders. Some Englishmen have of late been resident here.

PAU, an ancient and very pretty town, and the principal place of the department of the Lower Pyrenees, or the Bearn, in the south-west part of France. It has a royal court for the departments of the Lower and Upper Pyrenees and the Landes, a lower court of justice, a chamber of commerce, an agricultural society, a university, academy, and a royal college. It is a post town, containing about 11,500 inhabitants. This town is situated at the extremity of

"

vast plain, overlooking a delightful valley, through which flows the Gave de Pau, and surrounded with country houses, fine gardens, and charming groves, that present a ravishing prospect. It is large, very well built, airy, adorned

with a beautiful public fountain, encompassed with agreeable walks, and crossed by the rivulets of Hedas and the Ousse, which unite at the Gaue de Pau. The chateau, where Henry IV. was born, since made a royal residence, stands at the northern extremity on the peak of a rock, the bottom of which is washed by the river, and forms one of the finest ornaments of the town, overlooking it and the surrounding country. A superb bridge crosses the stream, supported by seven arches, and remarkable for its loftiness. The view from this point is magnificent; the eye wanders with delight over the valley, the river in the bottom, the meadows with which it is covered, and the surrounding hills, beyond which rises, in the form of an amphitheatre, the chain of the Pyrenees, capped by the majestic Pie-du-Midi, whose top is lost in the clouds. This is the native place not only of Henry IV., but of Goston de Foix, the viscount Orthez, who spared the lives of the Protestants of Bayonne, at the time of the massacre of St. Bartholemew's day, and general Bernadotte, now king of Sweden.

Here are manufactures of handkerchiefs, table linen, and carpets, with paper-mills, tan-yards, and dye-houses. A considerable trade is carried on in Jurancon wines, Bayonne hams, goose legs, excellent chestnuts, spun and dyed cotton, iron, and limestone. There is a royal stud here. Some delightful walks are in the neighbourhood. Pau is sixty miles south of Mont de Marsan; thirty west of Tarbes; seventy-eight E. S. E. of Bayonne, and 615 south-west of Paris, in long. 2° 43′ W. from that city, lat. 43° 19′ N.

PAVAN, or PAVANE, a grave dance used among the Spaniards, and borrowed from them, wherein the performers formed a kind of wheel or tail before each other, like that of a peacock, pavo, from whence the name is derived. The pavane was formerly in great repute; and was danced by gentlemen with cap and sword; by those of the long robe in their gowns, by princes with their mantles, and by the ladies with their gown-tails trailing on the ground. It was called the grand ball, from the solemnity with which it was performed. To moderate its gravity, it was usual to introduce several flourishes, passades, capers, &c., by way of episodes. Its tablature or score is given at large by Thoinot Arbeau in his Orchesographia.

PAUCAROLLA, a province of Peru, bounded by the lake of Titicaca on the north-east, on the east by the lake and the provinces of Chucuito, north by that of Lampa, west by that of Moqueha, and south by the province of Arica and Pacajes. It is eighty-six leagues long, and twenty-eight broad, and is watered by several streams. The climate is cold; in the parts bordering on Lake Titicaca are found Peruvian bark, papas, barley, &c. Cattle, sheep, pigs, and lamas, Kourish here; and there are many vicunas, deer, partridges, and lake fowl, which are largely caught by the natives. The lake also supplies fish, and transports the dressed hides, thread, gum, &c., of the district, which are given in exchange for wines, brandies, and other commodities, from the adjacent parts. The natives fabricate also the wool of the Peruvian camel, and carry on a

considerable traffic in that article. Here are also rich mines of gold and silver. Population 26,000.

PAUCAROLLA, formerly the capital of the above province, has fallen off in population, and lost this distinction. It is situate on the shore of the lake Titicaca.

PAUCARTAMBO, a province of Peru, bounded north-west and west by Calca and Lares, north-east and east by the frontier of the Indians, and south by that of Quispicanchi. It is a large ravine or valley, terminating in the Andes; twenty-six leagues from north to south, and from six to seven in breadth. On the heights its temperature is cold; but in the low parts warm. It produces wheat, barley, maize, seeds, and various fruits in abundance. Population 8000, dispersed in eleven settlements.

PAU'CITY, n. s. Lat. paucitas, from paucus. Fewness; smallness in number or quantity. The multitude of parishes, and paucity of schools.

Hooker. This paucity of blood is agreeable to many other animals, as lizards, frogs, and other fishes.

Browne's Vulgar Errours. In such slender corpuscles as those of colour, may easily be conceived a greater paucity of protuberant corpuscles. Boule.

Socrates well understood what he said touching the rarity and paucity of friends. L'Estrange.

PAUCTION (Alexis John Peter), a learned mathematician, born near Lussan, in 1732. His principal work was his Metrologie, first published in 1780, which contains a collection of the measures of all countries. The astronomer Lalande assisted him in the foreign department. This excellen' work contains also calculations of the ancient measures, with dissertations on population, agriculture, &c. He also published A Theory of the laws of Nature, in 1781, wherein he attempts to refute the systems of Newton and Nollet. He died in 1799.

PAVE, v. a. Fr. paver; Lat. PAVEMENT, n. s. & v. a. pavio (to beat). To PA'VIOR, n. s. lay with hard or beaten materials; floor with stone or brick. pavement is the material, so laid or consolidated: Bishop Hall makes a fine use of pavement as a verb: a pavior is one who makes or mends pavement.

Should she kneel down, Her brother's ghost his paved bed would break, And take her hence in horrour. Shakspeare.

The marble pavement closes, he is entered Into his radiant roof. Id. Cymbeline.

Let not the court be paved; for that striketh up a

great heat in summer, and much cold in winter.

Bacon.

it might open and pave a prepared way to his own title.

Id. Whether thou meanest to terminate this miracle

in thy body, or in the waves which thou troddest upon; whether so lightening the one that it should make no impression in the liquid waters, or whether so consolidating the other that the pavemented waves yielded a firin causeway to thy sacred feet to walk on, I neither determine nor enquire. Bp. Hall.

A broad and ample road, whose dust is gold, And pavement stars seen in the galaxy. Milton.