Writing in the Academic Disciplines, 1870-1990: A Curricular HistoryIn this singular study, David R. Russell provides a history of writing instruction outside general composition courses in American secondary and higher education, from the founding of public secondary schools and research universities in the 1870s through the spread of the writing-across-the-curriculum movement in the 1980s. Russell's task is to examine the ways writing was taught in the myriad curricula that composed the varied structure of secondary and higher education in modern America. He begins with the assertion that, before the 1870s, writing was taught as ancillary to speaking. As a result, formal writing instruction was essentially training in handwriting, the mechanical process of transcribing sound to visual form. From this point, Russell carefully examines academic writing, its origins and its teaching, from a broad institutional perspective. He looks at the history of little-studied genres of student writing such as the research paper, lab report, and essay examination. Tracing the effects of increasing specialization on writing instruction, he notes how two new ideals of academic life, research and utilitarian service, shaped writing instruction into its modern forms. Finally, he contributes the definitive history of the current writing-across-the-curriculum movement, providing a study of the long tradition of other WAC efforts with an analysis of why they have waned. |
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academia activities administrative progressives American Applebee became began century Chicago classroom College English Committee composition courses cooperation correlation critical curricular curriculum developed Deweyan progressives differentiated disci disciplinary discipline-specific discourse community English English department essay examinations evaluation expressivist extended writing faculty forensics general-composition courses general-education genres goal graduate Harvard higher education I. A. Richards industrial institutions instructors intellectual John Dewey Kansas University knowledge laboratory land-grant universities language instruction learning lecture liberal culture liberal curriculum literary literature mass education ments methods modern myth of transience notebooks old college oral organization pedagogy political problem profes professional professor reading recitation Redbook reform research paper responsibility rhetoric role scholarly methods scientific secondary schools society specialized specific structure student writing taught teachers teaching writing technical technical-writing term paper textbooks tion tradition undergraduate Veysey WAC programs writing instruction writing requirements written York