Higher SurveyingThis Book Presents A Systematic And Contemporary Treatment Of The Theory And Applications Involved In Higher Surveying. It Also Highlights Some Of The Modern Developments In Geomatics.After Explaining The Basic Survey Operations, Triangulation And Trilateration, The Book Describes The Various Adjustment Methods Applied To Survey Measurement In Detail, Which Is Followed By Topographic, Hydrographic, Construction, And Route Surveying. As Engineers And Surveyors Need Knowledge Of Determining Absolute Coordinates Of Points And Directions Of Lines On The Earth'S Surface, A Detailed Discussion On Field Astronomy Is Presented In This Book. A Chapter On Map Projection Is Also Included In The Book.Recent Advances In Land Surveying Are Then Highlighted Including Photogrammetry And Photographic Interpretation. Remote-Sensing Technique Utilizing Data Acquired Through Satellites Is Also Explained.Recent Instrumentation Techniques And Methodologies Being Used In Geomatics Are Emphasized. These Cover A Range Of Modern Instruments Including Edm, Total Station, Laser-Based Instruments, Electronic Field Book, Gps, Automated Photogrammetric Systems, And Geographic Information System.A Large Number Of Worked-Out Examples, Illustrations, And Photographs Are Included For An Easy Grasp Of The Concepts.The Book Would Serve As An Excellent Text For Civil Engineering Students. Amie Candidates, And Surveyours. Practicing Engineers Would Also Find It Extremely Useful In Their Profession. |
Contents
Triangulation and Trilateration | 14 |
Construction Surveying | 14 |
3 | 14 |
Adjustment of Survey Measurements | 14 |
1 | 14 |
17 | 34 |
24 | 47 |
2 | 58 |
556 | 186 |
General | 192 |
Field Astronomy | 198 |
9 | 202 |
Definitions of astronomical terms | 204 |
7 | 212 |
10 | 222 |
11 | 229 |
3 | 65 |
2 | 83 |
7 | 96 |
9 | 107 |
Adjustment of a polygon with a central station | 117 |
Topographic Surveying | 131 |
1 | 137 |
6 | 145 |
9 | 156 |
3 | 175 |
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Common terms and phrases
accurate adjustment aerial photographs altitude angles measured axis azimuth base line C₁ C₂ calculated celestial body celestial sphere centre chronometer circle circumpolar star Colatitude computed condition equations contours control points coordinates correction declination determined difference direction earth elevation elongation equal error flying height gauge given Greenwich ground h₁ horizontal angle hour angle ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Example instrument intersection interval intervisibility k₁ k₂ known latitude least squares length line of sight longitude method normal equations obtained parallax Plane Surveying point of Aries pole position prime vertical probable values projection quantities range lines refraction respectively right ascension scale shown in Fig side sidereal sidereal day signal sine rule slope Solution sounding boat sphere spherical excess Substituting the values surface theodolite transit triangulation stations triangulation system V₁ vertical angles vertical photograph weight X-coordinate zenith distance