Molecular Evolution and the Origin of Life, Volume 10

Abelson Academic Press acidic proteinoid adenine adenylate alanine Amer amino acids ammonia ammonium aqueous solution aspartic acid basic proteinoid billion Biochem Biochemistry Biol biological Biophys Calvin carbon carbonaceous chondrites CH₂OH Chem chemical coacervate complex composition condensation contemporary cell Dose electric discharges energy enzymes evidence evolutionary experiments Figure formaldehyde formation formed fossil fraction gases geological glutamic acid glycine H₂ H₂O heat hydrocarbons hydrogen cyanide hydrolysis Krampitz laboratory lysine macromolecules materials meteorites methane microspheres microsystems Miller mixture molecular evolution molecules NH₂ nucleic acids nucleotides obtained Oparin optical activity organic compounds origin oxygen particles peptide percent phosphate polyamino acids polymerization polymers polynucleotides Ponnamperuma Prebiological prebiotic Precambrian precursors present primitive Earth primordial produced protein proteinoid proteinoid microspheres protocell radiation reactants reaction residues Rohlfing Science sediments sequence significant simulated solar Source structures synthesis Table temperature thermal tion ultraviolet light Urey Vegotsky yield York