A Neurolinguistic Theory of BilingualismThis volume is the outcome of 25 years of research into the neurolinguistic aspects of bilingualism. In addition to reviewing the world literature and providing a state-of-the-art account, including a critical assessment of the bilingual neuroimaging studies, it proposes a set of hypotheses about the representation, organization and processing of two or more languages in one brain. It investigates the impact of the various manners of acquisition and use of each language on the extent of involvement of basic cerebral functional mechanisms. The effects of pathology as a means to understanding the normal functioning of verbal communication processes in the bilingual and multilingual brain are explored and compared with data from neuroimaging studies. In addition to its obvious research benefits, the clinical and social reasons for assessment of bilingual aphasia with a measuring instrument that is linguistically and culturally equivalent in each of a patient s languages are stressed. The relationship between language and thought in bilinguals is examined in the light of evidence from pathology. The proposed linguistic theory of bilingualism integrates a neurofunctional model (the components of verbal communication and their relationships: implicit linguistic competence, metalinguistic knowledge, pragmatics, and motivation) and a set of hypotheses about language processing (neurofunctional modularity, the activation threshold, the language/cognition distinction, and the direct access hypothesis). |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 7 | |
CHAPTER 2 Implicit and explicit language processes | 33 |
CHAPTER 3 Bilingual aphasia | 63 |
CHAPTER 4 Cerebral lateralization and localization | 97 |
CHAPTER 5 Neurofunctional modularity | 119 |
CHAPTER 6 Neuroimaging studies of the bilingual brain | 153 |
CHAPTER 7 An integrated neurolinguistic perspective on bilingualism | 187 |
Glossary | 233 |
References | 249 |
| 295 | |
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Common terms and phrases
acquired acquisition activation threshold aphasic apraxia aspects awareness bilingual bilingual aphasia bilingual individuals bilingual speakers Brain and Language cerebellum cerebral cognitive functions component comprehension computational procedures conceptual conscious context corresponding cortical declarative memory deficits differential difficulty double dissociation English evidence explicit knowledge explicit memory extent fact field find findings first fMRI French grammar impairment implicit competence implicit linguistic competence inferred influence inhibition interference internalized interpretation involved Japanese kanji language processing language subsystem language system late bilinguals learning left hemisphere lesions lexical items lexical semantic lexicon meaning mechanisms mental representation metalinguistic knowledge modularity morphosyntactic native language neural substrate neurofunctional modules neuroimaging studies neurolinguistic neuropsychology output Paradis parameters particular patients patterns phonological pragmatic procedural memory proficiency recovery reflect rely reported represented result right hemisphere second language selective sentences specific speech stimuli structure subserved sufficient syntactic syntax task therapy translation equivalent underlying unilingual utterance verb verbal communication words