Chemistry of the Natural AtmosphereKnowledge of thc chemical behavior of trace compounds in the atmosphere has grown steadily, and sometimes even spectacularly, in recent decades. These developments have led to the emergence of atmospheric chemistry as a new branch of science. This book covers all aspects of atmospheric chemistry on a global scale, integrating information from chemistry and geochemistry, physics, and biology to provide a unified account. For each atmospheric constituent of interest, the text summarizes the principal observations on global distribution, chemical reactions, natural and anthropogenic sources, and physical removal processes. Coverage includes processes in the gas phase, in aerosols and c1ouds, and in precipitation, as well as biogeochemical cycles and the evolution of the atmosphere. Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, Second Edition, will serve as a textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, and as an essential reference for atmospheric chemists, meteorologists, and anyone studying the biogeochemical cycles of trace gases.* Updated extensively from the highly respected first edition * Treats the global-scale chemistry and distribution of atmospheric trace constituents * Emphasizes observations and their interpretation* Provides background on transport and reaction kinetics for interpretation of observational data* Includes chemistry in the gas phase and in aerosols and clouds* Details chemical reaction pathways for the most important trace constituents* Describes pertinent biogeochemical cycles* Written by an author with more than 40 years of research experience in atmospheric chemistry |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 54 | |
Chapter 3 Chemistry of the Stratosphere | 99 |
The Methane Oxidation Cycle | 157 |
Chapter 5 Ozone in the Troposphere | 211 |
Chapter 6 Hydrocarbons Halocarbons and Other Volatile Organic Compounds | 264 |
Chapter 7 The Atmospheric Aerosol | 346 |
Chapter 8 Chemistry of Clouds and Precipitation | 451 |
Chapter 10 Sulfur Compounds in the Atmosphere | 587 |
Chapter 11 Geochemistry of Carbon Dioxide | 656 |
Chapter 12 The Evolution of the Atmosphere | 711 |
Supplementary Tables | 755 |
References | 777 |
Index | 905 |
Volumes in Series | 925 |
Chapter 9 Nitrogen Compounds in the Troposphere | 511 |
Common terms and phrases
absorption aerosol aerosol particles alkenes anthropogenic aqueous atmosphere atoms average biomass biomass burning biosphere boundary layer calculated chemical cloud cm³ CO₂ compounds concentration contribution Crutzen cycle derived diffusion dioxide discussed distribution diurnal dry deposition emission rate Equation estimated Figure flux formaldehyde formation fraction gas phase gases global H₂ H₂O HCHO HNO3 HO₂ hydrocarbons hydrogen increase indicate isoprene latitude mainly marine mass measurements methane mixing ratio mol-¹ molecule monoterpenes N₂O nitrate nitric acid nitrogen nitrogen oxides nmol mol¯¹ NO₂ Northern Hemisphere number density O₂ observed occur ocean OH radicals organic carbon oxidation oxygen ozone photochemical photodissociation photolysis pmol production rate range rate coefficients react reaction with OH region reservoir residence sea salt seawater sediments shows SO₂ soil solar stratosphere sulfate sulfur surface Table temperature Tg year¯¹ tion transport tropical tropopause troposphere values vertical water vapor wavelength wet deposition whereas µmol


