559.—Fåte, får, fåll, fát ;—mê, mêt ;—pine, pîn;— together, to conclude, to finish; to enclose, to confine; to join, to unite fractures. To CLOSE, klòze. v. n. To coalesce, to join its own parts together; To close upon, to agree upon; To close with, or To close in with, to come to an agreement with, to unite with. CLOSE, klóse. s. A small field enclosed. CLOSE, klóze. s. The time of shutting up; a grapple in wrestling; a pause or cessation; a conclusion or end. CLOSE, klose. a. 437, 499. Shut fast; without vent, without inlet; confined; compact, concise, brief; immediate, without any intervening distance or space; joined one to another; narrow, as a close alley; admitting small distance; hidden, secret, not revealed; having the quality of secrecy, trusty; reserved, covetous; cloudy, without wandering, attentive; full to the point, home; retired, solitary; secluded from communication; dark, cloudy, not clear. CLOSEBODIED, klóse-bód'îd. a. 99. Made to fit the body exactly, CLOSEHANDED, klóse-hân'ded. a. Covetous; more commonly CLOSEFISTED. pours in the air; the veins or stains in stones or other bodies; any state of obscurity of darkness. To CLOUD, klödd. v. a. To darken with clouds to obscure, to make less evident; to variegat with dark veins. To CLOUD, klôůd. v. n. To grow clady. CLOUDBERRY, klôåd'bêr-rè. s. A plant, called also Knotberry, CLOUDCAPT, kloud'kâpt. a. Topped with cloud CLOUDCOMPELLING, klöåd kom-pêl-ling. 410. An epithet of Jupiter, by whom cloud were supposed to be collected. CLOUDILY, klöûd'dè-lè. ad. With clouds darkly; obscurely, not perspicuously. CLOUDINESS, kloa'dé-nes. s. The state being covered with clouds, darkness; want brightness. CLOUDLESS, klåd'lês. a. Clear, unclouded CLOUDY, kload'dè. a. Obscured with clouds g When this word signifies a deep descent b tween hills, it seems best to pronounce it so to rhyme with plough; and when it means i allowance in weight, to rhyme it with but this distinction of sound to distinguish t different meaning of a word, however plausibl is a great inconvenience in language. For reason, see BOWL. CLOSELY, klóse'lè. ad. Without inlet or outlet ; CLOSET, klöz'it. s. 99. A small room of pri- To CLOSET, klôzit. v. a. To shut up, or conceal in a closet; to take into a closet for a secret interview. CLOSURE, klo'zhůre. s. 452. The act of shutting up; that by which any thing is closed or shut; the parts enclosing, enclosure; conclusion, end. CLOT, klôt. s. Concretion, grume. To CLOT, klôt, v. n. To form clots, to hang This word is not in Johnson's Vocabulary, though he has taken notice of it under the word Cloth, and says it is the plural of that word. With great deference to his authority, I think it is rather derived from the verb to clothe, than from the noun cloth, as this word has its regular plural cloths, which plural regularly sounds the th as in this, 467, and not as z; which is a corruption, that, in my opinion, is not incurable. I see no reason why we may not as easily pronounce the th in this word as in the third person of the verb To clothe. CLOTHIER, klòrнe'yer. s. 113. A maker of cloth. .. CLOTHING, klòrнeing. s. 410. Dress, vesture,|| garments. CLOTHSHEARER, klôth'shèèr-ûr. s. One who trims the cloth. CLOTPOLL, klot'pole. s. Thickskull, blockhead. CLOTTY, kat'tè. a. Full of clots, concreted. CLOVE, klove. s. A valuable spice brought fro CLOVEN-HOOFED, klo'vn-hööft. } Having the foot divided into two parts. CLOVER, klo'vår. s. A species of trefoil; live in clover, is to live luxuriously. CLOVERED, klo'vård. a. 359. Čovered wi clover. CLOUT, klôåt. s. A cloth for any mean use patch on a shoe or coat; anciently the mark white cloth at which archers shot; an plate to an axle-tree. To CLOUT, klöåt. v. a. To patch, to me coarsely; to cover with a cloth; to join aw wardly together. CLOUTED, klö'ted. part. a. Congealed, agulated. CLÖUTERLY, klöå'tår-lè. a. Clumsy, awkwa CLOWN, kloon. s. A rustick, a churl; a cou il! bred man. CLOWNERY, klöůn'år-rẻ. S. Ill breedin churlishness. CLOWNISH, kloun'ish. a. Consisting of rustic or clowns; uncivil, ill-bred; clumsy, ungain CLOWNISHLY, kloun'ish-le. ad. Coarse rudely. CLOWNISHNESS, klöån'ish-nès. s. Rustici coarseness; incivility, brutality. CLOWN'S-MUSTARD, klöânz-mås ́tôrd. 1. herb. To CLOY, klôè. v. a. To satiate, to sate, to feit; to nail up guns, by striking a spike i the touch-hole. CLOYLESS, klôè'lês. a. That which can CLOYMENT, kloè'ment. s. Satiety, repletion —nỏ, mỏve, nền, nôt,tube, tật, bill ;—ôi ;pound ;–thin, THIS. Tạ CLUB, klỏb. v. a. To pay a common reckon-|| COAGMENTATION, kò-âg-mên-tå’shân. s. Coa ing. CLUBHEADED, klub ́hêd-4d. a. Having a thick head. CLUBLAW, klab law. s. The law of arms. CLUBROOM, klub'room. s. The room in which a club or company assembles. To CLUCK, kluk. v. n. To call chickens, as a hen. CLUMP, klamp. s. A shapeless piece of wood; CLUMPS, klamps. s. A numbsku!). CLUMSY, klám zé. a. Awkward, heavy, un- cervation into one mass, union COAGULABLE, kò-âg ́à-lá-bl. a. That which is capable of concretion. To COAGULATE, kò-âg'ù-låte. v. a. 91. To force into concretions. To COAGULATE, kò-ág'u-låte. v. n To run into concretions. COAGULATION, kö-åg-d-lå'shan.s. Concretion, congelation; the body formed by coagulation. COAGULATIVE, kò-âg'à-la-tiv. a. That which has the power of causing concretion. COAGULATOR, kò̟-âg'u-là-tår. s. 521. That which causes coagulation. COAL, kole. s. 295. The common fossil fuel; the cinder of burnt wood, charcoal. To COAL, kole, v. n. To burn wood to charcoal; to delineate with a coal. COAL-BLACK, köle blák. a. Black in the highest degree. CLUNG, klông. The preterit and participle of Cling CLUSTER, klås'tår. s. 98. A bunch, a number of things of the same kind growing or joined COAL-MINE., kole'mine. s. A mine in which together; a number of animals gathered to- coals are dug. gether; a body of people collected. COAL-PIT, kole'pit. s. A pit for digging coals. To CLUSTER, klås'túr. v. n. To grow in bun-COAL-STONE, kòle'stone. s. A sort of cannel ches. To CLUSTER, klåstår. v. a. To collect any CLUSTER-GRAPE, klus'tår-gråpe. s. The small CLUTCH, klåtsh. s. The gripe, grasp, seizure; CLUTTER, klåt'tår. s. 98. A noise, a bustle, a hurry. To CLUTTER, klåt'tůr. v. n. To make a noise or bustle. CLYSTER, klis'tår. s. An injection into the anus. TO COACERVATE, kó-á-sêr'våte. v. a. 91, 503, b. Every Dictionary but Entick's has the accent on the penultimate syllable of this word; and that this is the true accentuation, we may gather from the tendency of the accent to rest on the same syllable as in the Latin word it is derived from, when the same number of syllables are in both; as in coacervo and coacervate. See ARIETATE. COACERVATION, kò-ås-sèr-vå'shën. s. The act of heaping. COACH, kotsh. s. A carriage of pleasure, or state. coal. COAL-WORK, köle wårk. s. A coalery, a place To COALESCE, kò-á-lẻs'. v. n. To unite in union. ment, restraint to a narrow space; contraction COARSELY, korse lè. ad. Without fineness, COAST, koste, s. The edge or margin of the land To COAST, koste. v. n. To sail by the coast. near the shore. COAT, kote. s. The upper garment; petticoat, To COAT, kote. v. a. To cover, to invest. COADJUTANT, kò-ádjù-tânt, a. Helping, co-To COAX, koks. v. a. To wheedle, to flatter. operation." COAXER, koks'ûr. s. A wheedler, a flatterer. COADJUTOR. kò-åd-jutår. s. 166. A fellow-COB, kôb. s. The head of a top. helper, an assistant, an associate: in the canon COB, kôb. s. A sort of sea-fowl. law, one who is empowered to perform the du- COBALT, kobalt. s. A whitish gray brittle metal, ties of another. nearly resembling fine hardened steel. It is utfficult of fusion and oxidizement, and obedient to the magnet. Parkes Chymistry. COADJUVANCY, kò-ád'jà-vân-sè.'s. Help, concurrent help. COADUNITION, kö-åd-d-nish'an. s. The conjunction of different substances into one mass. To COAGMENT, kò-âg-ment" va To congregate. To COBBLE, kôb ́bl. v. a. 105. To mend any thing coarsely; to do or make any thing clum silv. COBBLER, kób'lår. s. 98. A mender of old . 559.—Fåte, får, fåll, fât ;—mẻ, mêt ;—pine, pin ;— shoes; a clumsy workman in general; any mean person. COBIRONS, köb'i-årnz. s. Irons with a knob at the upper end. COBISHOP, ko-bish'up. s. A coadjutant bishop, COBNUT, kôb'nåt. s. A boy's game. COBSWAN, kôb'swon. s. The head or leading swan. COBWEB, kôb'web. s. The web or net of a spider; any snare or trap. COCCIFEROUS, kók-sìf'fêr-rås. a. Plants are so called that have berries. COCHINEAL, kôtchîn-éél. s. 165. An insect from which a red colour is extracted. COCHLEARY, kok'lè-à-rè. a. 353. Screwform. COCHLEATED, kók'le-a-ted. a. Of a screwed or turbinated form. COCK, kok. s. The male to the hen; the male of any small birds; the weathercock that shows the direction of the wind; a spout to let out water or any other liquor at will; the notch of an arrow; the part of the lock of a gun that strikes with flint; a cockboat, a small boat; a small heap of hay; the form of a hat; the style of a dial; the needle of a balance; Cocka-hoop, triumphant, exulting. To COCK, kok. v. a. To set erect, to hold bolt upright; to set up the hat with an air of petulance; to mould the form of the hat; to fix the cock of a gun for a discharge; to raise hay in small heaps. * To COCK, kok. v. n. To strut, to hold up the head; to train or use fighting cocks. COCKÁDE, kok-kåde'. s. A riband worn in the hat. COCKATRICE, kök'â-trise. s. 142. A serpent supposed to rise from a cock's egg. COCKBOAT, kok'bote. s. A small boat belonging to a ship. COCKBROTH, kok'broth. s. Broth made by boiling a cock. COCKCROWING, kôk'krò-ing. s. The time at which cocks crow; early morning. To COCKER, kôk'kår. v. a. To fondle, to indulge. COCKER, kok'ker. s. 93. One who follows the sport of cockfighting. COCKEREL, kok'kar-il s. 555. A young cock. COCKET, kok'kit. s. 99. A seal belonging to the king's custom-house; likewise a scroll of parchment delivered by the officers of the custom-house to merchants as a warrant that their merchandize is entered. COCKFIGHT, kok'fite. s. A match of cocks. COCKHORSE, kôk'horse. a. On horseback, triumphant. COCKLE, kök'kl. s. 405. A small shell-fish. COCKLESTAIRS, kok'kl-ståres. s. Winding or spiral stairs. COCKLE, kôk'kl. s. A weed that grows in corn, corn-rose. To COCKLE, kök'kl. v. a. To contract into wrinkles. COCKLED, kök'kld. a. 359. Shelled or turbinated. COCKLOFT, kök'lóft. s. The room over the garret. COCKMASTER, kök'mås-tår. s. One that breeds game cocks. COCKMATCH, kôk'måtsh. s. Cockfight for a COCKNEY, kôk'nè. s. 270. A native of Lon- war. COCKSWAIN, kok'sn. s. The officer that has the command of the cockboat. Corruptly Coxn.-See BOATSWAIN. COCKWEED, kok'wèèd. s. A plant, dittander or pepperwort. COCOA, ko'kò. s. A species of palm-tree. COD, kôd. s. Any case or husk in which seeds are lodged. To COD, kôd. v. a. To enclose in a cod. To CODLE, kôd'dl. v. a. 405. To parboil. How Dr. Johnson could be guilty of so grass an oversight as to spell this word and its com pounds with one d is inconceivable. By the general rule of English pronunciation, as the word stands here, it ought to be pronounced with the o long, the first syllable rhyming with go, no, and so. False and absurd, however, as this spelling is, the veneration I have for Dr. Johnson's authority forbids me to alter it in this Dictionary, though I shall never follow it in practice. Perhaps the same veneration induced Mr. Sheridan to let this word stand as he found it in Johnson. Dr. Kenrick has ventured to insert another d in the verb; but in the substantive, derived from the present participle Codling, lets it stand with one d. Some will be apt to think that when d ends a syllable, and a consonant follows the d, which begins anoth er, that the business is done, and that the quantity of the vowel is sufficiently secured: but this is a mistake; for unless we previously understand the simple, the o in the compound, by the general rule, must be long. Now the first principle of orthography is, that, if possible, the letters should of themselves point out the sound of the word, without the necessity of recurring to etymology to find out the sound of the letters; and that we should never have re-. course to etymology, but where fixing the sound would unsettle the sense. Thus Coddling, a kind of apple, ought to be written with double d, both because it determines the sound of the and shows its derivation from the verb to Coddle. And Codling, a small cod-fish, ought to have but one d, because putting two, in order to fix the sound of o, would confound it with another word. To write Saddler, therefore, with one d, as we frequently see it on shops, is an errour against the first principles of spelling; as, without necessity, it obliges us to understand the derivation of the word before we are sure of its sound. The word Stabling and Stabler, for stable-keeper in Scotland, with the wo Fabled in Milton, all present their true sound to the eye without knowing their primitives; and this essential rule has generated the double consonant in the participles and verbal nouns, beginning, regretted, complotter, &c. But this rule, rational and useful as it is, is a thousand times violated by an affectation of a know ledge of the learned languages, and an ignor ant prejudice against clusters of consonants, as they are called. Thus couple, trouble, double, treble, and triple, have single consonants, because their originals in Latin and French have no more, though double consonants would fix the sound of the preceding vowels, and be merely double to the eye. COCK'S-COMB, kôks'kòme. s. A plant, louse-CODLING, Rod'ling. s. An apple generally cod. led; a small cod-fish. COEFFICACY, kô-ef'fè-ka-sè. s. The power of several things acting together. COEFFICIENCY, ko-éf-fish'èn-sè. s. Co-oper ation, the state of acting together to some pin gle end. —nó, mỗve, nỗi, nốt ;tube, tân, bán ;—all;pôånd ;thin, THIS. DEFFICIENT kò-ef-fish ent. s. That which || COGENCY, ko'jên-sè. s. Strength, force. unites its action with the action of another.- COGENT, ko'jent. a. Forcible, resistless, cou See ETFACE. vincing. COGENTLY, ko'jênt-lè. ad. With resistless force, forcibly. DEMPTION, ko-êm'shån. s. 412. The act of buying up the whole quantity of any thing. EQUAL, ko-equal. a. Equal. EQUALITY, ko-e-quôl'è-tè. s. The state of being equal. COERCE, ko-èrse'. v. a. To restrain, to keep order by force. ERCIBLE, ko-er'sè-bl. a. That may be retrained; that ought to be restrained. ERCION, ko-er shan. s. Penal restraint;| heck. ERCIVE, ko-er'siv. a. That which has the ower of laying restraint; that which has the thority of restraining by punishment. COGGER, kog'dr. s. A flatterer, a wheedler. To COGITATE, kôdje e-tate. v. n. 91. To think. COGITATIVE, kôdje'è-ta-tiv. a. Having the power of thought; given to meditation. COGNATION, kog-na'shun. s. Kindred, relation, participation of the same nature. ESSENTIAL, kò-ès-sen'shål. a. Participa-COGNISEE, kôg-nè-zèè', or kón-e-zè s.-See ing of the same essence. S. ESSENTIALITY, kò-és-sen-shè-âl'è-tè. ETERNAL, kò-è-ter'nál. a. Equally eternal ETERNALLY, ko-e-têr'nål-lè. ad. In a state equaleternity with another. ETERNITY, ko-e-ter'ne-tè. s. Having exis- EVAL, ko-vál. a. Of the same age. EXISTENCE, kò-ég-zis'tense. s. Existence ace at the same time with another. on of those berries in hot water. BEE-MAN, kof'fe-mân. s. 88. Une that a coffee-house. E-POT, köf'fe-pot, s. The covered pot which coffee is boiled. FER, köffar. S. A chest generally for ping money: in fortification, a hollow lodgeat across a dry moat. COGNIZANCE. He to whom a fine in lands or COGNISOUR, hôg-nè-zôr, or hôn--zôr’. s. 314 COGNITIVE, kog'nè-tiv. a. Having the power COGNIZABLE, kôg'ně-zá-bl, or kôn'è-zå-bl. a. 405. That falls under judicial notice; proper to be tried, judged, or examined. COGNIZANCE, hôg nè zanse, or kôn’ề-zanse. s. Judicial notice, trial; a badge, by which any one is known. I have in this word and its relatives given the forensick pronunciation; but cannot help observing, that it is se gross a departure from the most obvious rules of the language, that it is highly incumbent on the gentlemen of the law to renounce it, and reinstate the excluded in its undoubted rights.-See AUTHORITY and CLEFF. COGNOMINAL, kog-nôm'è̟-nál. a. Having the COGNOMINATION, kôg-nom-è-nå'shån. s. A the name of a family; a name added from any accident or quality. COGNOSCENCE, kog-nos'sense. s. Knowledge. COGNOSCIBLE, kôg-nós'sè-bl. a. That may same name. surname, be known. To COHABIT, kò-hâbît. v. n. To dwell with COHABITANT, kö-håb'e-tânt. s. An inhabitant S. The state of inhabiting the same place with another; the state of living together as married persons. COHEIR, ko-are'. s. One of several among hare in this word followed the general prociation, which I see is confirmed by Dr. rick, W. Johnston, Messrs. Perry, Scott, Buchanan; for as it stands in Mr. Sheriwith the o long, though not without re-To COHERE, ko-hère'. v. n. To stick together; ctable usage on its side, it is a gross irreguto be well connected; to suit, to fit; to agree which ought, if possible, to be reduced COHERENCE, ko-he'rênse. COHERENCY, kò-hè'rên-sè. whom an inheritance is divided. COHEIRESS, ko-aris. s. 99. A woman who has an equal share of an inheritance. OFFER, köf'für. v. a. To treasure up in sts. TERER, köf får-dr. s. 555. A principal er of his majesty's court, next under the optroller. IN, koffin. s. The chest in which dead are put into the ground; a mould of te for a pye; Coffin of a horse, is the whole of the foot S. That state of bodies in which their parts arc joined together, so that they resist separation; connection, dependency, the relation of parts or things one to another; the texture of a disCOHERENT, ko-hè rent. a. Sticking together; course; consistency in reasoning, or relating. suitable to something else, regularly adopted; consistent, not contradictory. coffin-bone above the coronet, including|| COHESION, kó-hè'zhân. s. The act of sticking OFFIN, köf'fin. v. a. To enclose in a coffin. oog. v. a. To flatter, to wheedle; to rade by falsehood; To cog a die, to secure So as to direct its fall. OG kog, v. n. To lie, to wheedle. kog. which it upon another wheel. together; the state of union; connection, de pendence. COHESIVE, kỏ-he'siv. a. 158, 428. That has the power of sticking together. COHESIVENESS, ko-he'siv-nês. s. The quality of being cohesive. To COHIBIT, ko-hibit. v. a. To restrain, to hinder. To COHOBATE, kò'hd-båte. v. n 91. To pour. 559.-Fåte, får, fåll, fât ;—mè, mêt ;—plne, pln ;— the distilled liquor upon the remaining matter, || COLLAR, köl'lår. s. 418, 88. A ring of mela and distil it again. COHOBATION, kò-hô-bå'shůn. s. A returning of any distilled liquor again upon what it was withdrawn from. COHORT, ko'hort. s. A troop of soldiers, containing about five hundred foot; a body of war riors. COHORTATION, kò-hör-tå'shân. s. ment. put round the neck; the harness fastened abou the horse's neck; To slip the collar, to disen tangle himself from any engagement or diff culty; A collar of brawn, is the quantity boun up in one parcel. COLLAR-BONE, kôl lår-bône. s. The clavicle the bones on each side of the neck. Incite-To COLLAR, köl'lår. v. a,. To seize by th collar, to take by the throat; To collar beef o other meat, to roll it up and bind it hard an close with a string or collar. COIF, k8lf. s. 344, 415. The head-dress, a cap. COIFED, koift. a. 359. Wearing a coif. To COIL, koil. v. a. To gather into a narrow compass. COIL, koll. 8. Tumult, turmoil, bustle; a rope wound into a ring. COIN, köln. s. A corner, called often quoin. To COIN, koin. v. a. To mint or stamp metals COINCIDENT, kò-în'sè-dênt. a. Falling upon To COJOIN, ko-jöin'. v. n. To join with another. COITION, kò-Ish'an, s. Copulation, the act of COKE, koke. s. Fuel made by burning pit-coal COLATION, ko-lå'shan. s. The art of filtering COLD, kold. a. Chill, having the sense of cold; COLD, kold. s. The cause of the sensation of cold, the privation of heat; the sensation of cold, chilness; a disease caused by cold, the obstruction of perspiration. COLDLY, kold'le. ad. Without heat; without concern, indifferently, negligently. COLDNESS, kòld'nês. s. Want of heat; unconcern; frigidity of temper; coyness, want of kindness; chastity. COLE, kole. s. Cabbage. COLEWORT, kòle'wart. s. 165. Cabbage. COLLAPSION, kol-låp'shan. s. The state of To COLLATE, kol-late'. y. a. To compare o COLLATITIOUS, kôl-lâ-tish'ås, a. Done To COLLEAGUE, kôl-lèèg'. v. a. To unite wit In scarcely any part of the language does th influence of accent on the sound of the vowe appear more perceptibly than in the prepos tional syllables Col, Com, Con, and Cor. Whe the accent is on these syllables, in College, Con missary, Conclave, Corrigible, &c. &c. the oha distinctly its short sound. The same may observed of this o, when the principal accent on the third syllable, and the secondary acc on the first 523: as in Colonnade, Comme tion, Condescension, Correspondent, &c. &c.: T in this case there is a secondary accent on t first syllable, which preserves the o in its tr sound 522; but when the accent is on the s cond syllable, this vowel slides into a son like short u, and the words To Collect, To C mit, To Convince, To Corrupt, &c. &c. are hea as if written Cullect, Cummit, Cunvince, Curr &c &c. It is true, that when these words a pronounced alone with deliberation, ener and precision, the o in the first syllable p serves nearly its true sound; but this seems slide insensibly into short u the moment unite these words with others, and prono them without premeditation. The delibera and solemn sound is that which I have g in this Dictionary: nor have I made any d ference between words where the accent the second syllable; and why Mr. Sherida and those who have followed him, should Combust, Commute, Complete, &c. give the sou of short o in from; and in Command, Com Commence, &c. give the same letter the sou of short u in drum, I cannot conceive; they a all susceptible of this sound or none, and the fore should all be marked alike. If custom pleaded for this distinction, it may be obser that this plea is the best in the world when evident, and the worst when obscure. No custom ever fell under my observation; I always heard the first syllable of compare a compet, of commence and compose, pronounc |