Road Form and Townscape

access road aggregate appearance Architects arrangement binder bitumen blocks bollards brick buildings carriageway cars cement centrifugal force chippings CIRCULAR CURVE clause coated macadam colour construction containing crescent culs-de-sac dense design speed driver dwellings effect elements embankments environment example finish flowing alignment footpath function gradient granular material gravel grid Highway HMSO horizontal curve housing area HYPERBOLA joints kerb landscape lane layer layout length of road London loop mastic asphalt material mews minimum narrow normally parking pattern pavement paving pedestrian planting Portland cement possible precast concrete radius residential areas result Road Research Laboratory road surface road tar roadbase rolled asphalt route Runcorn running surface scale seen service vehicles shrubs side slopes slab Soil cement square stopping distance straight sub-base SUMMIT CURVE surface dressing tarmacadam texture thickness townscape alignment traffic trees urban VALLEY CURVE vertical curve village visual wearing course Welwyn Garden City width