Mediastinal Tumors: Update 1995Douglas E. Wood, Charles R. Thomas (Jr.), Charles R.Jr. Thomas Primary mediastinal tumors are relatively rare. The relative incidence of these tumors indicates that neurogenic tumors are the most common tumor seen constituting 21 % of all cases, thymomas 19%, lymphomas 12.5%, germ cell tumors 10%, primary carcinomas 4.6%, mesenchymal tumors 6%, endocrine tumors 6%, cysts 18%. In adults, the majority of thyroid tumors, thymomas, mediastinal germ cell tumors and teratomas are located in the superior and anterior mediastinum. Of the neurogenic tumors 18% are located in the posterior mediastinum, and 50% of mediastinal lymphomas are in the middle mediastinum. In adults, the incidence of anterosuperior, middle and posterior mediastinal tumors is about 54%, 20% and 26% respectively. However, in children the posterior mediastinum contains 63% of the lesions, the anterior mediastinum contains 26% and the middle mediastinum II %. The majority of the tumors are benign in character with a ratio of benign to malig nant of about 60 to 40. The relative incidence of malignant mediastinal tumors in children is about 50%. Even though mediastinal tumors are not common, they represent a unique problem with regards to treatment whether by surgery, radiation therapy and/or systemically administered chemotherapy. The volume by WOOD and THOMAS deals with each of these issues in detail and presents a logical and important approach to the management of mediastinal tumors. |
Contents
Diagnosis of Mediastinal Masses | 1 |
Radiation and Chemotherapy | 19 |
The Role of ThreeDimensional Conformal Radiotherapy | 25 |
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adenoid cystic carcinoma adjuvant adults angiosarcomas Ann Thorac Surg arise associated astinum asymptomatic benign biopsy Cancer cardiac tumors cell carcinoma cervical chemotherapy chest clinical common complete resection compression CT scan cysts diagnosis dose evaluation germ cell tumors gland Grillo HC hemangiomas histologic Hodgkin's disease imaging intrathoracic invasion involvement lesions lung lymph nodes lymphoblastic lymphoma medi median sternotomy mediastinal germ cell mediastinal lymphoma mediastinal mass mediastinal neurogenic tumors mediastinal seminoma mediastinal tumors mesenchymal metastasis metastatic middle mediastinum modality myxomas neoplasms nerve sheath tumors non-Hodgkin's occur paraganglioma parathyroid Pathol Pathology patients pericardial pericardium pheochromocytoma pleural posterior mediastinum postoperative preoperative present primary mediastinal prognosis pulmonary radiation therapy radiograph radiotherapy rare recurrence reported sarcoma seminoma stage structures studies substernal goiter subtypes superior vena cava surgical resection survival symptoms syndrome teratoma testicular Thorac Cardiovasc Surg thoracotomy thymic thymoma thyroid tion tracheal tumors treated treatment usually vascular vessels