The Uncertain Union: British and Norwegian Social Democrats in an Integrating EuropeIn the late 1970s and early 1980s, both the British Labour Party and the Norwegian Labor Party (DNA) were strongly opposed to the European Community (EC). However, following changes in the international and European contexts in the 1980s and 1990s, both parties began to reevaluate their relationships towards the EC. By the end of the 1980s, Labour became the image of the good European, while the DNA remained deeply divided over the issue. This text explores three main questions surrounding these policy changes. Why did these two parties develop such distinctive policy responses when confronted with similar international and European developments? What role did international, European, and national factors play in this divergence? What are the implications of these divergent policy developments for theories of European integration and social democracy? |
Contents
A Brief History of the British Labour Partys EU Policy | 17 |
A Brief History of the Norwegian Labour Partys EU Policy | 43 |
The Changing International Context and the Convergence | 71 |
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Common terms and phrases
1975 Referendum anti-EU Arbeiderbladet Arbeiderpartiet argued began Britain British and Norwegian British Labour Party Brundtland Bryan Gould capital central Chapter common market context Corporatism corporatist Council create debate decline Delors democracy despite DNA leadership DNA's EC issue EC's EC/EU ECSC election electoral elements European Community European integration European level European social important incomes policy increasingly institutional internationalization Kinnock Labour government late Left Socialist Left Socialist Party linked London Maastricht treaty maintain major modernizers monetary policy monetary union Moreover Neil Kinnock neo-liberal Norsk Norway Norway's Norwegian labour parties Norwegian social democratic opposed organizations orientation Oslo Parliament party's political position pro-EU policy Project proposal referendum Social Charter social democratic movement social democratic parties social dimension social policy Socialist Party strategy strongly structure substantial trade union traditionalists Treaty of Rome University Press vote voters weakened welfare Western Europe Western European WWII