4 miles distant. The road seen in the engraving is the Hartford turnpike; it passes the Congregational church, and descends for nearly a mile into a deep valley, extending from north to south about one mile and a half this place is called Plymouth Hollow. Here is a flourishing little village, containing 1 cotton and 3 clock factories. The clock factories belonging to Mr. Terry and Mr. Thomas are extensive. The manufacture of small wooden clocks, it is believed, first originated with Mr. Terry, about twenty years ago; since this period, the manufacture of this kind of clocks has been widely extended, and forms a very important branch of manufactures in this part of the state.

In the south part of this town, near the Naugatuc river, lived Mr. John Sutliff, a respectable miller, who died perhaps 10 or 12 years since. Mr. Sutliff, when a young man, became possessed with the idea, that by digging into the mountain near his house he should be able to find silver, gold, and other precious metals. He expected to find the silver and gold in a state of fusion, so that he could dip it up with a ladle. He commenced digging by the Waterbury road, near the Watertown turnpike. In digging into the mountain, in order to avoid the rocks, stones and other obstructions, his course became very circuitous, and while digging as he supposed into the mountain, he in fact got round under the turnpike road. This was found to be the case in the following manner. Some person traveling on the road, hearing a noise under ground, beneath his feet, conjectured that it must be Sutliff digging. Having obtained assistance, he accordingly dug down and found Mr. Sutliff, who was quite angry in being interrupted in this manner. Although perfectly sane on all other subjects, he continued digging a little almost every day for the greater part of his life, for a period of perhaps 30 or 40 years, till the infirmities of old age compelled him to desist.

Dr. Sylvanus Fansher, a native of this town, and now a resident of Southbury, has devoted nearly forty years of his life to the extension of the vaccine or kine pock inoculation, as a remedy against that scourge of the human race, the small pox. For his discoveries in expediting the kine pock, he has recently received a diploma from the "Royal Jennerian Society of London." About the year 1802, when the kine pock had become apparently extinct in this country, it was found that a number of persons in Danbury and Goshen had taken the infection or virus, from milking cows. Dr. Fansher states, that he took the virus from the pustule on the milk maid's hand, and inoculated an infant with it, and it proved to be the genuine kine pock. Dr. F. also states, that he has known several instances where the infection has been taken, without any apparent connection with the cow; and it is his belief, that the infection is taken from some shrub or plant, from which, when discovered, we shall know something of the origin of the small pox, and have a sovereign remedy against it, at hand. Besides Danbury and Goshen, the genuine kine pock, or cow-pox, has been found existing in Plymouth, Newtown, Southbury, Oxford, Woodbury, Meriden, Middletown and New Hartford.

ROXBURY.

ROXBURY was originally a part of Woodbury, and was incorporated in 1801. It is bounded N. by Washington, E. by Woodbury, s. by Southbury, and w. by New Milford. It is about six miles and a half in length from north to south, and nearly four in breadth. The town

ship is diversified with hills and valleys. The soil is a gravelly loam, interspersed with some small tracts of sandy loam. The lands are well adapted to grazing, but afford considerable grain. The town is watered on its western border by the Shepaug, a considerable branch of the Housatonic. About two miles northwest of the center of the town, in Mine hill, a silver mine was wrought to some extent before the Revolutionary war, by some foreign miners. A shaft was sunk to a considerable depth. In digging for silver, a species of iron ore, called "steel ore,' was discovered.

Northeastern view of Roxbury, (central part.)

The above is an eastern view of the central part of Roxbury, which is 32 miles northwest from New Haven, 46 from Hartford, and 15 from Litchfield. The Congregational church is seen on the right; the Episcopal church is seen farther westward, in the center of the engraving. It appears that some of the first settlers were three families by the name of Baker, who located themselves about half a mile above the Episcopal church. About 2 miles below the church, a family by the name of Castle were the first settlers. The first meeting house was built about one mile south of the present churches.

Col. Seth Warner, distinguished for his military services in the American army which captured Burgoyne, was a native of this town. Hon. Nathan Smith, a Senator of Congress from this state, Gen. Ephraim Hinman, distinguished for his humor and originality of character, and Royal R. Hinman, Esq. the present secretary of this state, were all residents of this town. Secretary Hinman is the author and compiler of a work, consisting of letters from the kings and queens of England, with answers thereto; with other ancient and curious documents; a valuable publication, compiled from the ancient files in the department of state; and it is hoped that this laudable example will be followed in other states.

The following is copied from a monument in a grave yard north of the Episcopal church:

In memory of Lieut. Thomas Weller, an officer in the United States army, who was murdered by Archibald W. Knapp, May 16th, 1814, aged 25 years and 9 mo. son of Thomas and Polly Weller.

The circumstances respecting the death of Lieut. Weller, appear to be these. In the last war with Great Britain, Knapp enlisted as a soldier. The time having arrived for him to march on to the lines, he refused to go; Weller, with three or four soldiers, went to Knapp's residence in the lower part of New Milford, in order to take him by force. Knapp meeting him at the door, told him he had no ill will against him, but if he advanced any farther towards him he was a dead man. Weller disregarding his threats, advanced to take him. Knapp then shot him in the groin, which caused his death in about fifteen minutes. Knapp made his escape into the state of New York, where it is believed he now resides. It is stated that Knapp was arrested a few years since on account of the above, but was rescued out of the hands of the officer by some soldiers of an independent militia company, of which he was a member, who were out on a military review.

SALISBURY.

THE principal part of the township of Salisbury was sold by the governor and company of the colony of Connecticut, in 1737, at Hartford. It had been surveyed and divided into 25 rights in 1732, being at that time known by the government only as wild, unlocated land. Three of the rights were appropriated to public purposes; one for the support of schools, one for the first settled minister, and one for the support of the ministry. The charter of the town was given in 1745. "After it was located, and before the charter was given, it was known to the government by town M. Before this, it was known by no other than the Indian names Weatog and Ousatonic. It took its name from a Mr. Salisbury, who lived not far from the center of the town."*

It appears that about the year 1720, three families came and settled in that part of the town called Weatog. These were, one family of Dutchers, one of Whites, and one of Van Dozens. White was an Englishman, but had lived with and become connected in marriage with the Dutch. The other two were wholly of Dutch origin. About the year 1740, there were eleven English and five Dutch families, which were settled in different parts of the town. There were four families of Whites in Weatog; Bebees, not far from the falls; Lambs, at the forge in the hollow; Herveys, in the hollow; Newcombs, on the side of the mountain, east of the road that now leads from the hollow to Town hill; Woodworths, at the ore bed; Allens, on the road from the hollow to the meeting house; and Baylies, at the meeting house. These were the English families. The Dutch were, two Dutchers, and one Van Dozen, at Weatog; Knickerbackers, at the stone house, on the Cornwall road; Cornelius Knickerbacker, at the furnace; and Jacob Van Dozen, between the ponds, in the north part of the town. The face of the township, at the period of its first settlement, wore rather an unpleasant aspect. In every fall of the year, it was burnt over, to destroy the old grass and other vegetation, and that there might be a fresh and tender crop the ensuing

* Rev. J. W. Crossman's New Year's discourse, 1803. The facts respecting the first settlement of this town were derived from this source. "It is currently reported, and by good authority, (says Mr. Crossman,) that this Mr. Salisbury, after moving from here, had an unruly servant girl who had run away from him; that he went after her, bound her with a rope, and tied her to his horse, then rode so as to pull her down, and drawed her in such a cruel manner that she died in consequence of the abuse. The matter was taken up in the state of New York, and he, then in old age, was sentenced by the court to be hung when he should be a hundred years old. About four years ago, he arrived to this age. A reprieve was granted him for a certain time; and if he has not died lately, he is living to this day."

year. Fires also were often made to ring deer. These fires were made in a circular form, and all the deer included were driven by the fire to one place, where the huntsmen could easily kill them. A ring, for this purpose, was made in the northeast part of the town, and the fire ran with such rapidity, that an Indian lad was shut within the ring, overtaken by the fire, and burnt to death. These burnings, with the ponds, mountains and clefts of rocks, made the face of nature appear forbidding to those who were not apprised of the excellence of the soil.

Salisbury is situated in the northwest corner of the state; bounded N. by the towns of Mount Washington and Sheffield in Massachusetts, E. by the Housatonic, separating it from Canaan, s. by Sharon, and w. by the state of New York. Its average length is 9 miles, and its breadth about 6, comprising an area of about 58 square miles. The face of the township is broken, consisting of elevated hills, and deep and extensive valleys. The valleys are generally limestone, and the hills granite. It is one of the best towns for grain in the state. It is also excellent land for grazing.

Salisbury, in addition to its being one of the best agricultural towns in the state, is also much celebrated for its very rich and productive iron mines. Of these, the one known as the "Old Ore Hill," located two miles west of the Wanscopommuc Lake, has been worked since the year 1732. At that time, and for years afterwards, the ore was found lying near the surface of the earth, and was carried off in considerable quantities by those who desired to make use of it. The site of the "Old Ore Hill" was owned by one Bissell, who obtained the grant several years before the town was incorporated. About the year 1732, one Thomas Lamb obtained a grant of fifty acres of land, and erected the first forge built in Salisbury. His grant was situated in the southeast part of the town, on Salmon River, now called Lime Rock. From that period until the present time, the demands upon the "Old Ore Hill" have been constant. Within the last ten or twelve years, from five to six thousand tons of ore have been dug annually. The ore is sold at the mine for $3 a ton. One dollar and twenty five cents of this money is paid to the proprietors of the ore bed as a duty. The other dollar and seventy five cents belongs to the digger, from whose pit the ore is taken. The first furnace erected at Salisbury was built about the year 1762, upon the outlet of the Wanscopommuc Lake, two miles east of the "Old Ore Hill." It is one of the oldest establishments in the county, and was erected by Messrs. Samuel and Elisha Forbes, Ethan Allen,* and a Mr. Hazeltine. During the Revolutionary war, cannon were manufactured at this furnace, for government; also cannon balls and bomb shells.† Col. Joshua Porter was at that time agent for the state of Connecticut, and superintended the castings.

The large and inexhaustible quantities of iron ore found in Salisbury, and the abundant supply of wood for charcoal, and other materials necessary for smelting the ore, together with the superior quality of iron, introduced other manufactures; and

The hero of Ticonderoga. The articles of agreement entered into by these gentlemen are still extant upon the records of the town.

+ The guns on board the U. S. frigate Constitution, used by Com. Truxton, in the capture of the French frigate L'Insurgente, were manufactured at the old furnace in Salisbury. The Salisbury iron has been, and is still used extensively in the U. States' and private armories.

ww.

iron has continued from that time the staple commodity of the town. There are at

From 5 to 600,000 bushels of charcoal are annually consumed at the different establishments. The puddling furnaces require from 2 to 3,000 cords of wood annually. The number of workmen employed in the different processes of preparing the material and manufacturing the iron, amount in all to about 500 men. The furnaces produce annually from 2,000 to 2,500 tons of pig iron. The forges and puddling establishments annually produce from 1,200 to 1,500 tons of wrought iron, which is used for anchors, car axletrees, musket barrels, and various other kinds of drafts. The Salisbury iron ore is the brown hematite, and yields about 40 per cent of pig iron. It is well known to manufacturers, and stands as fair in the market as any other iron in the country.

Southwest view of the Churches in Salisbury Center.

The above is a representation of the churches and some other buildings, in that part of Salisbury called "Salisbury Center." The Congregational church is seen on the right; the next building eastward, with a small cupola, is the academy; and still farther to the east is seen the Episcopal church. The public house seen opposite was constructed upon the frame of the old meeting house. This place is 50 miles from Hartford, 58 from New Haven, 8 from Sharon, and 34 from HudThe principal part of the iron ore obtained in this town, is about 2 miles s. w. of this place. There are four churches, viz., 2 Methodist, 1 Congregational, and 1 Episcopal; and five post offices, Salisbury Center, Lime Rock, Furnace Village, Falls Village, and Chapinville.

son.

The people first met for public worship in a house near where the furnace now is, (in Furnace Village,) consisting of one room, only 20 feet by 15. This contained all the worshiping congregation in the town. After this, they met in the house of Mr. Lee, the first settled minister in the town: here they continued to worship till a meeting house was erected, about the year 1748. The place on which it stood was given by Col. Robert Walker for a meeting house, burying ground and green, upon the con