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1st notch action angle average axleboxes back pressure back stroke blast blast-orifice blast-pipe blast-pressure boiler bolted Britain carriages cast iron cent centre line chimney clearance coal coke combustion compression condensation connecting rod consumption coupling rods crank cubic cubic foot curve diagram difference driving axle driving wheels eccentric eccentric-rods engine and tender equal evaporation exhaust pressure expansion feet firebox flanges frame front stroke full gear gauge Gooch grate greater half gear heating surface hind horizontal inches diameter increased inside cylinders Killingworth leading wheels length less lever link-motion load locomotive mid gear miles per hour motion ordinary orifice period of admission piston placed plates port position practice proportion rails Railway ratio reduced release resistance rivetted side smoke-box springs square steam suppression temperature thick tion tons train tubes vacuum valve valve-chest valve-gear varies vertical volume waggons weight wrought iron