in his memoirs of Socrates, L. II. c. i. Oυxu καὶ ἄλλα ὑπὸ λανείας, οἷον εἴτε ΟΡΤΥΓΕΣ καὶ οἱ πέρδικες πρὸς τὴν τῆς θηλείας φωνὴν τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ καὶ τῇ ἐλπίδι τῶν ἀφροδισίων φερόμενοι, καὶ ἐξιςάμενοι τὸ τὰ δεινὰ ἀναλογίζεσθαι, τοῖς θηράτροις ἐμπίπλεσιν ; Are there not other creatures that by reason of their wantonnefs, as quails and partridges, which thro' à lafcivious defire of their females run to their call, void of all fenfe of danger, and thus fall into the portf men's fnares? Hence it seems no bad etymology which some give of this word quail, deriving it from the Greek xaλ, in allufion to it's calling for it's mate. In Troilus and Creffida, Act V. young wanton wenches are metaphorically named quails. Therfites calls Agamemnon, An honeft fellow and one that loves quails. The quail therefore, male or female, is a juft emblem of the followers of Venus in either fex. But confidering it too as a fighting bird, how properly is it apply'd to Roderigo, who foolishly followed Defdemona, and at laft, quarrelling with Caffio, was killed in the fray? Can we doubt then, but that Shakespeare originally intended to write,

"I've rubb'd this young quail almost to the sense, "And he grows angry

He intended, I fay, to write, as he perhaps then fpelt it, quale, and omitting the laft letter, the transcriber

tranfcriber gave us a ftrange kind of word, which fome of the editors have alter'd into knot and quab: the meaning of which words, as applicable to this place, is not in my power to explain.

In Antony and Cleopatra, Act II.

"Antony. Say to me, whofe fortune shall "rife higher,

"Caefar's or mine?

Soothsayer. "Caefar's. Therefore, O Antony, "ftay not by his fide.

"Thy Daemon (that's thy fpirit which keeps

"thee) is

"Noble, couragious, high, unmatchable,

"Where Caefar's is not.

"Angel

But near him thy

"Becomes A FEAR, as being o'erpower'd; and "therefore

"Make space enough between you."

A letter is here omitted, and we must read afeard. So the word is fpelt in Spencer, B. VI. c. 1. ft. 19.

"Against him ftoutly ran, as nought AFEARD." 'Tis often used by Shakespeare. Merry Wives of Windfor, Act III. Slend. I care not for that,

Book II, but that I am affeard, Macbeth, Act IV. Wear bou thy wrongs, His title is affeard. And elfewhere. There is indeed a paffage in Spencer's Fairy Queen, B. V. c. 3. ft. 22. That may seem to vindicate the received reading, which is as follows.

As for this lady which be fheweth here,
Is not (I wager) Florimet at all;

But fome fair franion, fit for fuch a fear
That by misfortune in his hand did fall.

per

Fit for fuch a fear, i. e. fit for fuch a fearful fon, fuch a coward; as perhaps fome might think it should be interpreted. But this place in Spencer is wrongly fpelt, and it fhould be thus written,

But fome fair frannion, fit for fuch a fere.

But fome loofe creature fit for such a companion. Fere is fo used by Spencer and Chaucer. So that Spencer and Shakespeare should both be

7 A paffage in Chaucer I would hence corrrect: In the Prologues of the Canterbury Tales. . 166.

"A Monke ther was fayr for the maistery,
"An outrider, that loved venery."

be corrected. The story is taken from Plutarch in his life of Antony. Λέγων τὴν τύχην αὐτῆς λαμπροβάτην ἔσαν καὶ μεγίςην, ὑπὸ τῆς Καίσαρος άμαυ gata. The Latin tranflator is wrong here, Tuxn is his Genius, not chance or fortuneγὰρ σὸς Δαίμων τὸν τέτε φοβεῖται καὶ γαῖρον ὢν καὶ ὑψηλὸς ὅταν ἦ καθ' αὐτὸν, ὑπ' ἐκείνα γίνεται ΤΑΠΕΙ ΝΟΤΕΡΟΣ ἐγγίσαν, και ΑΓΕΝΝΕΣΤΕΡΟΣ. Plut. p. 930. E. Which paffage ftronly confirms my èmendation. The allufion is to that belief of the ancients, which Menander fo finely expreffes, Απαλι Δαίμων ανδρὶ συμπαραςαλεῖ

Ενθὺς γενομένῳ μως αγωγὸς τῇ βιζ

It seems to me it should be thus,

"A Monk ther was, fere for the mistery, &c.

i. e. "There was a Monk, a proper companion and bro "ther for the Monkish profeffion, [fo miftery is ufed by "the old writers ;] An outrider, &c. i. e. one not confined

to his cloyster, but a rider abroad and a lover of hunting." This word is wrongly fpelt in B. Johnson's Silent Woman. A&t II. Sc. V. 66 Morofe. Dear Lady, I "am courtly, I tell you, and I must have mine eares ban

queted with pleasant and wittie conferences, pretty girds, "fcoffs, and daliance in her, that I mean to choose for my "bedpheere, read, bed-fere." i. e. a bed-fellow: fo playing fere, a play fellow, ufed by Chaucer, and by Beaumont and Fletcher in the two Noble Kinsmen. A&t IV. playpheeres. read, play-feres. This word we had originally from the Danes.

The philosophical meaning the emperor Marcus Antoninus lets us into. L. V. f. 27. • Aαíjewo or ἑκάσῳ προςάτην καὶ ἡγεμόνα ὁ Ζεὺς ἔδωκεν ἀπόσπασμα ἑαυτά· ἶτα δὲ ἐσιν ὁ ἑκάςε νῆς καὶ λόγω. And our learned Spencer. B. 2. c. 12. ft. 47.

They in that place bim GENIUS did call:
Not that celeftial power, to whom the care
Of life, and generation of all

That lives, pertains, in charge particular ;
Who wondrous things concerning our welfare,
And strange phantoms doth let us oft forefee,
And oft of fecret ills bids us beware:

That is our SELF; who [r. whom] tho' we do not fee,

Yet each doth in himself it well perceive to be.

The fame story is alluded to in Macbeth, A& III.

There is none but be

Whofe being I do fear and under bim
My Genius is rebuk’d; as it is faid,
Antony's was by Caefar.

Thefe paffages a little confidered will fhew in a fine light that dialogue between Octavius and Antony, in Julius Caefar, Act V. where Octavius uses his controuling and checking genius:

" Ant.