dition, it is fuppofed we shall act fingly for the rest of the campaign.

AUGUST 2. This morning the differ. ent regiments in camp fired a feu de joye, and at twelve o'clock the guns of the garrifon were fired three times, beginning with thofe on the left of the gate of Tournay, and proceeding round from left to right. We do not expect to leave this till the return of the aid-de-camp (Capt. Calvert), therefore fhall remain for fome days in inactivity. I had almost forgot to mention, the Scots greys and royal regiment of dragoons were on the ground, in front of the different regiments, when they laid down their arms.

This morning the colours of the different regiments taken from the enemy were escorted to the head-quarters, by Gen. Abercrombie, Major Crauford, and two fquadrons of the 11th light dragoons. They were twelve in number.

As foon as the capitulation was figned, and the bulwarks occupied by our troops, the combined army changed its pofition. One part advanced towards Maubeuge and Quefnoy, to block up thefe two places. The corps of obfervation marched forward alfo.

Yesterday his royal highness the Duke of York gave a grand dinner at his headquarters to a vaft number of general and field officers; and this day his royal highnefs, with Sir James Murray and feveral of his fuite, dined with the Prince de Saxe Cobourg, when the future operations were fettled.

While the Duke of York marches with his army towards Dunkirk and Calais; the Prince de Cobourg, reinforced by the Pruffians, will march directly towards Paris.

The garrifon at Dunkirk, by the laft accounts, is estimated at 14,000 men.

SURRENDER OF MENTZ. Sunday morning, July 28th, at ten o'clock, the earl of Yarmouth's fervant arrived at the fecretary of state's office, with an official letter from his lordship, containing the important intelligence of, the furrender of Mentz.

The capitulation was figned upon the 22d inftant, by which it was agreed, that on the 24th the garrifon, confifting of 12,000 men should march out with all the honours of war, under the express condition that they fhould not ferve during the course of one year against the allied powers.--When the Pruffians entered the place, they found that the garrifon had been for a confiderable time deftitute of neceffaries; and fo much fo of medicines for the fick and wounded, that by far the

the greater part of the latter had died fo want of proper care. For feveral day previous to the capitulation the carnage on both fides had been dreadful, the be fiegers and the befieged being in many points within piftol-fhot, and the latter making conftant and defperate fallies. The King of Pruffia, it is now fuppofed, will divide his army into two bodies, the one under his own command, and the other under that of the duke of Brunfwick, with a view of penetrating into Alface and Lorraine at the fame time.~~ A few hours after the furrender, the Pruffian and the French foldiers were feen mingled in groups and dances in the most friendly and familiar manner.

The capture of Mentz difpoffeffes the the French of a strong hold of most material concern to their defigns upon the empire; and as, by their repulfe at Williamftadt, they were driven out of Hol-. land, their expulfion now again from Mentz will fairly rid Germany of them. A prodigious quantity of artillery and other implements of war were taken at Mentz.

Mentz, or Mayence, as it is called by the French, is in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and is the metropolis of the archbishopric of Mentz. It was formerly an Imperial city, but afterwards fubject to its own prince, the archbishop. It stands on the river Rhine by the Maine, and is fituate about 21 miles W. from Frankfort, about 28 miles N. of Worms, 48 N. W. of Heidelburgh, 66 E. of Treves, 74 S. E. of Cologne, 90 N. of Strafburg, and 250 miles E. of Paris. In 1688, when this place received a French garrifon, it was of very inconfiderable strength, but, during the winter, the garrifon, which confifted of ten or eleven thousand men, put it in a much better state of defence, and it was the next year taken by the Imperialifts, under the command of the duke of Lorraine, who however loft upwards of 6000 men before he could get poffeffion of it: fuch was the gallant defence made by this little garrifon, under the marquis D'Uxelles, near 5000 of whom were flain. The besieging ar my amounted to 50,000 men, by whom the place was invested on the 17th of June, and it furrendered on the 11th of September following. Since that period the place had been very confiderably strengthened.

ASSASSINATION OF MARAT.

Advices were received on Monday morning, July 15, from Paris of the mur der of this moft extraordinary perfon by the hand of a woman. It took place on Sunday

Sunday the 14th inft. the particulars are nearly as follow:

On the Thursday preceding, a woman of refpectable appearance arrived at Paris from Caen in Normandy. On the two following days the was bufied, it should feem, in making enquiries respecting the various crimes imputed to her deftined victim; and, having fatisfied herself refpecting the truth, on the Sunday the obtained an interview with Marat.

She continued in converfation with him for fome time, asking his opinion of feveral perfons whom the named; and, on his averring them to be counter-revolutionifts, the inftantly stabbed him, declaring that he was then convinced that every thing that she had heard of him was true. He died on the fpot.-On this woman's being seized and interrogated, fhe juftified her conduct by declaring her conviction that Marat had been the caufe of all the evils with which France had lately been afflicted; the feemed to glory in her act, and declared that the had not been inftigated by any perfon, and that no perfon was privy to it.

Thus perished a man, who has been a principal actor, if not the inftigator, of more important events, within the laft twelve months, than perhaps any other perfon in a fimilar period of time. His affaflinator was a native of Caen, Char. lotte Cordey, a woman in a refpectable fituation of life.

On the 17th inftant, at half past ten 'clock at night, the remains of Marat were depofited in a grave dug in the yard of the club of the Cordeliers, between four linden-trees. At the bafe of his bed of ftate the following words were inscribed;

MARAT,

The friend of the people, Affaffinated by the enemies of the people. Enemies of the country,

Moderate your joy ; He will find avengers! Charlotte Cordey was tried next day for the murder. Her appearance at the revolutionary tribunal ftruck each perfon with refpectful awe, and the idea of her as an affaffin was removed from every mind.

The Accufateur Public having afked her for what reafon fhe had committed this refolute act of murder? the replied with a ftoic calmnefs- I came to Paris to glorify myself by this deed; to deliver my country from a confpiring monfter, and to stop the wound his atrocious hands had opened."

Accufateur Public-Are you not afhamed to become a common criminal for allaflination?

Mad. Cordey.-It is a crime to have committed murder, but no difgrace to afcend the fcaffold for this act.

Accufateur Public-Do you recognize this fanguinary dagger?

Mad. Cordey.I bought that myself in the Palais Royal, and remember it well; it is the fame I plunged into his heart-and I am fatisfied.

This unhappy lady had two counfellors, one of whom was Mr. Stone, an Englishman, who during the last two hours of her trial inceffantly felt her pulfe, to diftinguish if there were any symptoms of burning fever or timidity. He declared they were the fame as thofe of a perfon contented in their mind. She did not manifeft the leaft irrefolution but in one interval, when Mr. Stone was fo ftruck with her firmnefs and answers, that he was quite difmayed, and at that inftant her undaunted courage fell, and tears of fweet fenfibility declared her gratitude for his pleading for her. She was condemned at three o'clock in the afternoon, after a trial of fix hours, to be beheaded at eight o'clock the fame evening on the Place de la Revolution.

She requested this gentleman, as a last favour, which, faid fhe, will make me die contented, to defray all the little debts fhe had contracted in the prison of the Conciergerie, as the property the had brought with her to Paris was confifcated. -Mr. Stone promised and executed her request.

The scene which her execution prefented was magnificently awful. The place was thronged with multitudes; and the moft feeling minds were excited to be. hold the Amazonian courage of this unhappy lady in her laft moments.

It was with much difficulty fhe arrived at the scaffold. The fith-women and others, belonging to the markets, were near tearing her to pieces, with oaths and imprecations the most horrid. The gens d'armes and horfe of the republic prevented this horrid act, by galloping up with lifted fabres.

Madame Cordey afcended the fcaffold with intrepidity. She appeared ferene and reconciled to death. She pulled off her bonnet and neckerchief herself, but recoiled when the executioner went to bind her legs, and said, “Are you so bad as to expofe me here?" He answered, "No, it is to bind you.' "Do it then," the replied with firmnefs.

The inhuman monfter, when shewing her head to the people, after her execution, flapt it twice on the cheek!! This was confidered as fuch an attrocious act, that the very tribunal who had condemned

her

HISTORY OF

Tale warriors, who founded an HE Amazons were a nation of fe. empire in Asia Minor, upon the river Thermodoon, along the coafts of the Black Sea. They formed a state out of which men were excluded. What commerce they had with that fex was only with strangers; they killed all their male children; and they cut off the right breafts of their females, to make them more fit for the combat.

The Amazons are particularly mentioned by Herodotus. That hiftorian informs us, that the Grecians fought a battle with the Amazons on the river Thermodoon, and defeated them. Af. ter their victory, they carried off all the Amazons they could take alive in three fhips. But, whilft they were out at fea, thefe Amazons confpired against the men, and killed them all. Having, however, no knowledge of navigation, nor any skill in the ufe of the rudder, fails, or oars, they were driven by wind and tide till they arrived at the precipices of the lake Mæotis, in the territories of the Scythians. Here the Amazons went ashore, and, marching into the country, feized and mounted the first horfes they met with, and began to plunder the inhabitants. The Scythians at first conceived them to be men; but after they had had fkirmishes with them, and taken fome prisoners, they discovered them to be women. They were then unwilling to carry on hoftilities against them; and by degrees a number of the young Scythians form ed connections with them, and were defirous that these gentle dames fhould live with them as wives, and be incorporated with the reft of the Scythians. The Amazons agreed to continue their connection with their Scythian husbands, but refused to affociate with the rest of the inhabitants of the country, and efpecially with the women of it. They afterwards prevailed upon their hufbands to retire to Sarmatia, where they fettled. "Hence," fays Herodotus, "the wives of the Sarmatians ftill con. tinue their ancient way of living. They hunt on horfeback in the company of their husbands, and fometimes alone. They march with their armies, and wear the fame drefs with the men. VOL. I. No. 5.

AMAZON S.

The Sarmatians ufe the Scythian lan guage, but corrupted from the beginning, because the Amazons never learned to speak correctly. Their mar riages are attended with this circumftance: no virgin is permitted to marry till fhe has killed an enemy in the field; fo that fome always grow old before they can qualify themselves as the law requires.'

Diodorus Siculus fays, "There was formerly a nation who dwelt near the river Thermodoon, which was fubjected to the government of women, and in which the women, like men, ma. naged all the military affairs. Among thefe female warriors was one who excelled the rest in strength and valour. She affembled together an army of wo men, whom the trained up in military difcipline, and fubdued fome of the neighbouring nations. Afterwards, having by her valour increased her fame, the led her army against the rest; and, being fuccefsful, fhe was fo puffed up, that the styled herself the daughter of Mars, and ordered the men to fpin wool,and do the workof the womenwithin doors. She also made laws, by which the women were enjoined to go to the wars, and the men to be kept at home in a fervile state, and employed in the meaneft offices. They alfo debilitated the arms and thighs of those male children who were born to them, that they might be thereby rendered unfit for war. They feared the right breasts of their girls, that they might be

no

in

in fome exploits excelled her. She caufed the girls from their very infancy to be exercised in hunting, and to be daily trained up in military exercifes. She inftituted folemn feftivals and facrifices to Mars and Diana, which were named Tauropoli. She afterwards carried her arms beyond the Tanais, and fubdued all the people of those regions, even unto Thrace. Returning then with a great quantity of fpoils into her own kingdom, the caufed magnificent temples to be erected to the deities before mentioned; and the gained the love of her subjects by her mild and gentle government. She afterwards undertook an expedition against those who were on the other fide of the river, and subjected to her dominion a great part of Afia, extending her arms as far as 'Syria."

Diodorus alfo mentions another race of Amazons who dwelt in Africa; and whom he fpeaks of being of greater antiquity than those who lived near the river Thermodoon. "In the western parts of Libya," fays he, "upon the borders of thofe tracts that are habitable, there was anciently a nation under the government of women, and whose manners and mode of living were altogether different from ours. It was the cuftom of these women to manage all military affairs; and for a certain time, during which they preserved their virginity, they went out as foldiers into the field. After fome years employed in this manner, when the time appointed for this purpose was expired, they affociated themselves with men, in order to obtain children. But the magiftracy, and all public offices, they kept entirely in their own hands. The men, as the women are with us, were employed in household affairs, fubmitting themfelves wholly to the authority of their wives. They were not permitted to take any part in military affairs, or to have any command, or any public authority, which might have any tendency to encourage them to caft off the yoke of their wives. As fcon as any child was born, it was delivered to the father, to be fed with milk, or fuch other food as was fuitable to its age. If females were born, they feared their right breafts, that they might not be burthenfome to them

*

when they grew up, for they confidered them as great hindrances in fighting." Juftinian represents another Amazó nion republic to have taken its rife in Scythia. The Scythians had a great part of Asia under their dominion upwards of 400 years, till they were conquered by Ninus, the founder of the Affyrian empire. After his death, which happened about 1150 years before the Chriftian era, and that of Semiramis and their fon Ninias, Ilinus and Scolopites, princes of the royal blood of Scythia, were driven from their country by other princes, who like them afpired to the crown. They departed with their wives, children, and friends; and, being followed by a number of young people, of both fexes, they paffed into Afiatic Sarmatia, beyond mount Camaffus, where they formed an establishment, fupplying themselves with the riches they wanted, by making excursions into the countries bordering on the Euxine Sea. The people of thofe countries, exasperated by the incursions of their new neighbours, united, and furprised and massacred the men.

This

The women then refolving to revenge their death, and at the fame time to provide for their own fecurity, refolved to form a new kind of government, to choose a queen, enact laws, and maintain themselves, without men, even against men themselves. defign was not fo very furprising as at firft fight appears: for the greatest number of the girls among the Scy-. thians had been inured to the fame exercifes as the boys; to draw the bow, to throw the javelin, to manage other arms; to riding, hunting, and even the painful labours that feem referved for men; and many of them, as among the Sarmatians, accompanied the men in war. Hence they had no fooner formed their refolution, than they prepared to execute it, and exercised themfelves in all military operations. They foon fecured the peaceable poffeffion of the country; and, not content with fhewing their neighbours that all their efforts to drive them thence or fubdue them were ineffectual, they made war upon them, and extended their own frontiers. They had hitherto made use of the inftructions and assistance of

a few