might be attacked at once on all fides. The latter troops were discovered by the enemy's out-pofts, and prevented from penetrating by the oppofition which they met with. Thofe under General Kray, one column of which advanced upon the high road from Orchies, and the two others upon the left of it, got about two o'clock in the morning within a fhort distance of the town before they were perceived. The volunteers at the head of the column, which was upon the road, fell in with a picquet about 200 yards from the gate, which they furprised, killed the greater part of it, and purfued the reft fo clofely that they entered the place along with them. The troops in the town made little resistance. After being driven from the market-place, where they at first affembled, they retreated to a convent near it. They there propofed terms of capitulation, which General Kray confented to, as they furrendered prifoners of war, with the Yole condition of the officers being permitted to wear their fwords. There are 1629 prifoners, (officers included,) moft of them troops of the line. There are likewife 12 pieces of cannon, and 22 or 23 tumbrils, taken. There are fuppofed to have been about 3co of the enemy killed. The lofs of Major-general Kray's corps is between 70 and 80 killed and wounded. The lofs upon Major-ge neral Otto's fide is unknown, but it is imagined not to be confiderable. I have the honour to be, with the greatest refpect, Sir, your most obedient humble fervant, JA. MURRAY. Extract of a Letter from Sir James Murray, Bart. dated CAMPHIN, November 1. Some of the light troops made yesterday an attack upon the French posts at Ors and Catillon fur-Sambre; in which, with very little lofs, they killed near 400 of the enemy, took about 100 prifoners, and two pieces of cannon. PETERSBURGH, Oct. 11. Wednesday laft was celebrated the nuptials of his imperial highnefs the Great Duke Alexander Paulovich and her imperial highnefs the Great Duchets Eliz. Alexievna. ADMIRALTY-OFFICE, November 9. The dispatches, of which the follow. ing are copies and extract, were this day received by Philip Stephens, Efq. from the Rt. Hon. Lord Hood, commander in chief of his majesty's ships and vessels in the Mediterranean. VICTORY, Toulon-road, 08. 6. Sir, I have the honour to defire you will be pleased to offer to the lords com miffioners of the admiralty my fincere congratulations on a very brilliant and complete victory obtained over the enemy, the ft inftant, upon the heights of Pharon. The British and Piedmontefe troops compofed the column under Lord Mulgrave, and led the way; but his lordship gives full credit to the fpirit and exertion of the troops of every nation, and is loud in the praife of the Neapolitans, who greatly diftinguished themselves. I tranfmit, for their lordship's information, a duplicate of the order his lordship gave out next morning, with an account of the killed and wounded. The action was fhort, but hot. The enemy had upon the heights from 1800 to 2000 men, the flower of the eaftern army, not a fourth part of which, we are well informed, ever returned to head-quarters; for what did not fall by the bullet or bayonet broke their necks in tumbling headlong over the precipices in their flight. In the night of the 30th a very impor tant poft, above Fort Pharon, was surpri fed and taken; the re-poffeffing of which being of fo much confequence, an attempt was immediately refolved upon; and, in order to enable Lord Mulgrave, Gen. Gravina, and Governor Elphinstone, with the refpective columns under their commands, to go out with the greater force, I undertook the care of Toulon, and Fort La Malgue, and had a fufficient number of good men on-fhore within two hours after receiving notice of the faid disaster. I am forry to inform their lordships of that gallant and able officer, Gen. Gravi na, being wounded in the leg; and, although there is no doubt (as Dr. Harness affures me, who has the care of him) of his doing perfectly well, he will probably be confined fome time, as the ball is lodged between the two bones. His majesty's fhip Coloffus returned to me, on the 24th, from Cagliari, and brought 350 good troops; and I expect 800 more from Conti in three or four days. The fecond divifion of Neapolis tans, consisting of 2000, arrived last night, and the laft 2000 were to leave Naples yesterday. His Sicilian majefty has ina nifefted the greatest readiness and zeal in fulfilling the treaty, and has confided his fhips and troops folely to my difpofal, which his majesty has made known to me from under his own hand. I have good reafon to expect General O'Hara will be here in a very few days, with 12 of 1500 men, from Gibraltar. He will be welcome to us. I have the honour to be, &c. Philip Stephens, Efq. HOOD. Return Return of Killed, Wounded, and Missing, at the taking of Pharon Redoubt, October 1, 1793. British fergeant, 1 private, killed; 1 captain, 1 fubaltern, 3 corporals, 27 privates, wounded; 2 privates miffing. Spanish: I field-officer, 3 privates, wounded. Sardinian: I captain, 4 privates, killed; I field-officer, 2 captains, 2 fubalterns, 2 ferjeants, 3 corporals, 13 privates, wounded. Neapolitan : 1 ferjeant, 12 privates, wounded. Names of Officers killed and wounded. British. Capt. O'Dogherty of the 69th regiment, and Lieut. Carter of the marines, wounded. Spanish. Brigadier-gen. Admiral Gravi na, wounded. Sardinian. Capt. Le Chevalier Fabar, killed; Major and Commandant Monfieur Le Chevalier de St. Etienne, Capt. Monfieur Le Chevalier Grondona, Capt. Monfieur De Torricella, Lieut. Monfieur Le Chevalier de Blanc, and Lieut. Monfieur Le Chevalier Cerutti. Prifoners taken.-1 Captain, 47 privates: The enemy's lofs is fuppofed have been about 1500 killed, wounded, and taken prifoners. Extract of a Letter from Vice-Admiral Lord Hood to Mr. Stephens, dated Victory, Toulon-road, Oct. 6. Sir, I beg you will be pleased to make known to the lords commiffioners of the admiralty, that, upon receiving a preffing requeft from General Paoli for affifitance, and informing me at the fame time that even the appearance of a few fhips would very effentially ferve him, provided it should not be judged expedient to make an attack by them on any of the forts, I therefore determined to fend three ships of the line and two frigates to him, and, as the feafon was too far advanced for a fecond-rate to go on that coaft, I eftablished Capt. Linzee as a commodore, appointed Capt. Woodley his captain, and gave an order to Lord Amelius Beauclerk to command the Nemefis. ALCIDE, in the Gulph of St. Florenze, MY LORD, 08ober 1, 1793I have the honour to inform your lordfhip, that, being joined by the Ardent on the 21ft ult. and it being deemed practicable to make an attack by fea upon the tower and redoubt of Fornili, (a poft at the diftance of two miles opposite the town of Florenze), Limmediately gave the neceffary orders for the fquadron to act, whenever the wind was fufficiently steady for that purpose. On the 24th the Courageux joined, with provifions from Leghorn; and on the night of the 27th the launches of the fquadron cut out a veffel, which has fince been converted into a gun-boat. Having made feveral attempts (between the 21st and 30th ult.) to attack the above pofts, which were always fruftrated by the wind dying away as foon as I drew into the gulph; and experience having pointed out the improbability of the wind's blowing steady in a gulph of fuch depth, and furrounded by mountains of confiderable height; it was deemed expedient to execute my intentions the following morning, by warping the Ardent, during the night, into a fituation from whence the could not only annoy the redoubt, but cover the approach of the fquadron. Capt. Sutton placed his fhip with as much judgment and precifion as if the fervice had been executed during the day, and at half past three A. M. opened a fire, which was kept up without intermiffion till near eight o'clock. By four o'clock the Alcide was in a fituation to open her battery on the enemy's works, but being too close to the Ardent, and a flaw of wind filling the fails, endangered her shooting on the rocks, before the could be anchored with fecurity. The fails were inftantly thrown aback, and boats were employed, towing, to extricate her from this difficulty. Capt. Mathews, obferving the Alcide's fituation, very gallantly shot under her ftern, to cover her, and occupied the station I had intended to anchor in. As the fituation of the Courageux prevented the Alcide from opening her fire, except at intervals, I ordered Captain Wolfeley to carry out warps, to move us into a more eligible fituation, which fervice was executed with great alacrity, and a fpirited fire again opened on the enemy's pofts. Although a clofe and powerful cannonade had been kept up by the fquadron till a quarter before eight, no visible im preflion was made; and Capt. Sutton having reported the Ardent was much damaged, and that, in his opinion, there was no profpect of fuccefs; and Capt. Woodley (who had been on-board the Courageux, to enquire into the state that fhip) having brought a fimilar report from Captain Mathews, who, as well as Captain Wolfeley and himself, agreed in the above opinion, I judged it advifeable to make the fignal for difcontinuing in both, from being expofed to the raking fire of the town of Florenze, though every information had affured me the distance from that place was too great for guns to have any effect.-Our failure is not only to be imputed to the falfe intelligence refpecting the range of cannon from the town of Florenze, but to the want of ardour on the part of the Corficans, who had faithfully promised to ftorm the pofts on the land fide, though they never made the fmalleft movement to effect that fervice during the action. A Lift of the Killed and Wounded on-board the different Ships of the Squadron under my Command. Ardent: Mr. John Martin, midshipman, and 13 feamen, killed; 17 feamen wounded.--Alcide: 9 feamen wounded. Courageux: Mr. Ludlow Sheills, firft lieutenant, and I feaman, killed; Mr. Wm. Hen. Daniel, fecond lieutenant, and 12 feamen, wounded. ROB. LINZEE. VICTORY, Toulon-road, O. 1. Sir, I have the honour to defire you will acquaint the lords commiffioners of the admiralty, that a very fuccefsful fortie was made in the night of the 9th, and herewith tranfmit Capt. Brereton's account of it to Lord Mulgrave. But the enemy has fince erected another battery, about two hundred yards to the fouthward of the one destroyed, from which they have fired heavy cannon and fhells all yesterday, and are now doing fo, but as yet have done us very little mifchief. I have the honour to be, &c. HOOD. FORT MULGRAVE, Hauteur le Graffe, MY LORD, October 9, 1793. Agreeable to your lordship's orders, and arrangements made for carrying them into execution, yesterday, at half paft twelve o'clock at night, we moved from this poft; and, having formed a junc tion in the bottom with the marines and Piedmontefe from the poft of Cepet, we marched off from our right in one column, in order to infure the greater regularity in a night attack: our march to the top of the height, where the new-erectedbatteries of the enemy had been conAtructed, was performed with all poffible order and expedition, the troops obferving the greatest filence, by which, with the aid of a French deferter, who answered the centinels of the enemy as we paffed by them, our advanced party arrived at the entrance into their first battery perfectly undiscovered: the first centry having been put to death, the advanced party, compofed of the grenadiers and lightinfantry the line of British, under the command of Capt. Stewart of the 25th regi ment, very gallantly rushed in, and put every man to the bayonet who opposed them. Had The remainder of the enemy that could get off retired to their fecond battery, and, though most rapidly pursued, made fort of ftand: but, the greater part of the detachment by this time having taken different pofitions of attack, the enemy. were foon routed in all quarters, and, in a quarter of an hour after we made ourfelves mafters of all their batteries on this height, and the ordnance mounted thereon. In the first battery they had mounted two 24-pounders on garrifon carriages; on the fecond battery one fine brafs 24-pounder, mounted on a high travelling-carriage, and two smaller guns; and in a third battery was mounted two thir teen-inch mortars, with a great deal of ammunition, fuitable for their different pieces of ordnance. On the road we found one light travelling fix-pounder Immediately as the enemy retired and ceafed firing, I pofted the troops round the centre of the hill, and placed guards at the leading avenues to it, while Lieut. Serocold of the navy, with the failors, &c. under his directions, fet to work in destroying thefe different pieces of ordnance, by fpiking the touch-holes of the guns and mortars, and ramming balls into the guns, breaking up their carriages, and destroying their ammunition. it been poffible to have carried off any part of the above guns, &c. it fhould have been done; but, from the precipices we were neceflarily obliged to defcend, and the broken narrow paths we had oc cafion to pafs, in order to avoid expofing ourfelves by day-light to the fire of two heavy batteries of the enemy at the wind-mills, I found it was impracticable even to carry off the field-piece; neither did I think it right to hazard remaining with the detachment (which did not exceed 408) on the height where the batteries were erected, there being no cover in the rear, and the force of the enemy immediately in our neighbourhood on heights above us equal to 12 or 1300 men, which might have cut us off before your lordship could have fent a reinforcement to fuftain us from Toulon.--From these confiderations, as foon as Lieutenant Serocold reported to me that he had rendered the different guns and mortars unferviceable, having collected our killed and wounded, we marched back from our left about half past four in the morning, and reached this poft about fix o'clock. ROB. BRERETON. British corps: corporal, 3 privates, killed; I corporal, 6 privates, wounded. WHITE TourON, October 10, 1793. Since my late difpatch of the 3d of October*, the enemy had completed three batteries oppofite to the Hauteur de Graffe, one at La Hauteur des Moulins, and two to the Southward on the Hauteur de Reinier. Vice-admiral Lord Hood being apprehensive that the fleet might fuffer fome inconvenience from the batteries de Reinier, and information of the fituation of the enemy, and of the approaches to the batteries, having been received from an intelligent deferter, it was determined to make a fortie from the Hauteur de Graffe, on the 8th_instant at night, for the purpofe of destroying the enemy's batteries. A detachment was ordered, compofed of the whole of the British troops on that poft, amounting to 225 rank and file, under the command of Captain Brereton of the 30th regiment, the Spanish grenadier-company of the regiment of Hibernia, 50 inen commanded by Brevet Lieutenantcolonel Nugent, who alfo commanded the fortie, a company of Piedmontefe grenadiers of 50 men, and 50 Albanese Neapolitan troops. This corps marched at half past twelve o'clock at night, and were joined (at a point agreed upon), at one o'clock in the morning, by the poft of Les Sablettes, of a captain and 50 British marines, and a captain and 50 Piedmontefe chaffeurs; the advanced guard of 50 British grenadiers, light-infantry, and ten grenadiers of Hibernia, under the command of Capt. Stewart of the 25th regiment. Lieutenant Knight of the 11th regiment, and a fubaltern officer of Hibernia, (whofe name has not been reported to me,) furprized the enemy's poft, attacked the first battery with their bayonets, put the whole guard to flight, and purfued the enemy with great flaugh. ter into the fecond battery, fupported by the whole detachment, which formed on the height, and remained till Lieutenant Serocold of the navy, with a party of feamen, had taken measures to render the artillery of both batteries unferviceable, and had destroyed all the ammunition the ground between Graffe and the Hauteur de Reinier was fo interfected with ravines and walls as to render it impoffible to bring off the mortars or guns. Deferters, who came in yesterday, report the enemy calculate their lofs, in Killed, wounded, and missing, at near I 200 men; and that one of the mortars had fplit in their endeavours to clear it. I have the honour to be, &c. MULGRAVE, Acting Brig.-Gen. Return of the Killed and Wounded of the British Troops in the Attack of the Enemy's Batteries on the Hauteurs de Reinier, on the Night of the 8th of October, 1793. 25th regiment: 1 private killed; i corporal wounded. 30th regiment: 1 corporal, 2 privates, killed; corporal, 3 privates, wounded. 69th regiment: 2 privates wounded. 3 (Signed) MULGRAVE. Ordnance and Ammunition deftroyed. brafs twenty-four pounders; 2 ditto fixteen-pounders; 1 ditto four-pounder; 2 ditto thirteen-inch mortars. 2 barrels of gunpowder; two boxes of cartridges; filled thirteen inch shells. (Signed) MULGRAVE. * Lord Mulgrave's difpatch of the 3d of this month has not been received. WHITEHALL, Nov. 12. By a difpatch from the Earl of Yarmouth, dated on the 28th of October, it appears, that on the 25th of that month ly routed, with the lofs of fourteen canthe right wing of the enemy was complete. non, a great quantity of military stores, two howitzers, all the camp equipage, and an important position at Wanzenau, of which Gen. Wurmfer immediately took poffeffion: That the Auftrians were attacked on every fide on the 27th, but and that the lofs of the latter on the twe that the enemy was compelled to retreat; days was computed at 3000 killed, wound ed, and taken. WHITEHALL, Nov. 16. Yesterday at noon Capt. J. Cook, of the navy, arrived at the admiralty. He left Toulon October the 30th. The French had made no impreffion upon the place they had erected fome batteries, which had been destroyed as foon as they appeared. On the 15th ult. the French attacked a fort which were we were erecting to de troy one of their batteries. Two hundred men, confifting of English, Neapolitans, and Spanish, were engaged with very fuperior forces. A confiderable number of the French were killed in this attack; and the allies, we understand, loft near 100 men. Capt. Dorriano, of the 30th, was killed in this affair. The number of troops at Toulon, we hear, was above 14,000, and they were all in the highest spirits. The Lift of Prizes, &c. &c. we are obliged to defer for want of room. CROIS HISTORY OF THE, CROISA DE S. ROISADE or crufade was a name given to the expeditions of the Chriftians against the infidels for the conquest of Palestine. Thefe expeditions commenced in the year 1096. The foundation of them was a fuperftitious veneration for thofe places where our Saviour performed his miracles, and accomplished the work of man's redemption. Jerusalem had been taken, and Palestine conquered, by Omar the fucceffor of Abu Becr, who fucceeded Mahomet himself. This proved a confiderable interruption to the pilgrims, who flocked from all quarters to per form their devotions at the holy fepul chre. They had, however, ftill been allowed this liberty, on paying a small tribute to the Saracen caliphs, who were not much inclined to moleft them. But, in 1065, this city changed its mafters. The Turks took it from the Saracens; and, being much more fierce and bar. barous than the former, the pilgrims now found they could no longer perform their devotions with the fame fafety they did before. An opinion was about this time alfo prevalent in Europe, which made thefe pilgrimages much more frequent than formerly. It was fomehow or other imagined, that the thousand years mentioned in the 20th chapter of the Revelations were fulfil led; that Christ was foon to make his appearance in Palestine, to judge the world; and confequently that journeys to that country were in the highest degree meritorious, and even abfolutely neceffary. The multitudes of pilgrims which now flocked to Palestine, meeting with a very rough reception from the Turks, filled all Europe with complaints against thofe infidels who profaned the holy city by their prefence, and derided the facred mysteries of Christianity even in the place where they were fulfilled. Pope Gregory VII. had formed a defign of uniting all the princes of Christendom against the Mahometans; but his exorbitant encroachments upon the civil power of princes had created him fo many enemies, and rendered his fchemes fo fufpicious, that he was not able to make great progrefs VOL. I. No. 8. in this undertaking. The work was referved for a meaner inftrument. Peter, commonly called the hermit, a native of Amiens in Picardy, had made the pilgrimage to Jerufalem; and being deeply affected with the dangers to which that act of piety now expofed the pilgrims, as well as with the oppreffion under which the eastern Chrif tians now laboured, formed the bold, and, in all appearance, impracticable, defign of leading into Afia, from the fartheft extremities of the weft, armies fufficient to fubdue those potent and wars like nations that now held the holy land in flavery. He propofed his scheme to Martin II. who then filled the papal chair; but he, though fenfible enough of the advantages which muft accrue to himself from fuch an undertaking, refolved not to interpofe his authority till he faw a greater probability of fuccefs. He fummoned at Placentia a council confifting of 4000 ecclefiaftics and 30,000 feculars. As no hall could be found large enough to contain fuch a multitude, the affembly was held in a plain. Here the pope himself, as well as Peter, harangued the people, reprefenting the difmal fituation of their brethren in the eaft, and the indignity offered to the Chriftian name in allowing the holy city to remain in the hands of the infidels. These speeches were fo agreeable to those who heard them, that the whole multitude fuddenly and violently declared for the war, and folemnly devoted themselves to perform this fervice, which they believed to be fo meritorious in the fight of God. FE But, though Italy feemed to have embraced the defign with ardour, Martin yet thought it neceffary, in order to in fure perfect fuccefs, to engage the great er and more warlike nations in the fame enterprize. Having therefore exhorted Peter to vifit the chief cities and fovereigns of Chriftendom, he famoned another council at Clermont in Auvergne. The fame of this great and pious design being now univerfally dif fufed, procured the attendance of the greatest prelates, nobles, and princes; and, when the pope and the hermit re newed |