brings to the partnership fortune, perfon, industry, good qualities, and even defects. Of all thefe is compounded a total, of which they are equally to partake: as you would be borne with, learn to bear. Did we often call to mind these discreet ideas, did we fift ourselves with that feverity we use towards others, domeftic variances would be much abated. Did we, immediately after marriage, or on the first perception of a decrease ftealing on our love, habituate ourfelves to fuch reflections, this fociety would no longer be, as it too ufually is, the grave of love and pleafure: a wavering paffion would be fuperfeded by a mutual forbearance, which naturally produces and ftrengthens efteem and friendship, the only dispofitions on which time has no power. There are faults which only require gentle management wholly to fubdue them. A wife, being young and in the age of feftivity, loves diverfions; perhaps gives herself up to diffipation even to fome excefs, fo that domeftic concerns fuffer by it. Do you think that the best way will be, with an authoritative peremptorinefs, to debar her from thofe objects, fo unhappily attractive, and to force privacy on her? depend upon it, this is the direct way to ftrengthen her fondnefs. Will you transform yourself into a morofe cenfor; will you be continually dinning her ears with the hateful words of duty, regularity, and modesty this again is quite mifplaced; there are more effectual ways. Seem, in fome measure, to clofe with her ideas; do not dehort her from every thing at once; but from time to time detach her from one fancy, then from another, by mild reprefentations of the ridicule and danger attending them; and you may make yourself fure, that at length an affectionate perfeverance and gentle intimations will bring her to fubmit to all your wifhes. Were it only faults of this nature that marriage is expofed to, reafon and prudence might get the better of them; but, I muft acknowledge it, and I fear my directions here will not take effect, there are infupportable faults, which plunge into the most afflictive ftate the perfons unfortunately annexed to those who are infected with them; there are capital, mean, difgraceful, vices, that frequent relapfes into them destroy all efteem and attachment, and break the closest ties. Who is not concerned for a virtuous and fweet-tempered wife treated with coldness and brutality by a favage husband, whofe natural depravation is every day carried to the highest pitch by intemperance and debauchery how deplorable her ftate! she fees him who, fhe had flattered herfelf, would have been the delight of her life; under whofe aufpices the fhould enjoy a creditable fubfiftence; her dear offspring receive a promifing education; ruining himfelf; his honour and fortune loft in diffipation, gaming, riot, and every kind of profligacy. Who can forbear lamenting the fate of a regular quiet man, fubject to the infolence, rage, and vociferations, of a fhrew; who, instead of an adored wife, is linked with the fury of discord; whose adders never ceafe from their malignant hiffings; who strives in vain to make the voice of reafon be heard, and restore that calm, without which the oppreffor, no less than the oppreffed, muft be unhappy? How many odious characters in both fexes might I not here add to these and with what remedy fhall I combat them? I cannot deny that the refources in those cafes are very few, and of very difficult practice; fome, however, there are which have been known to produce the wifhed-for effect. No extreme and defperate measures here; it is feldom that noise and rupture do not increase the evil; for one whom at length you may intimidate, you will provoke a hundred beyond all accommodation. In order to extricate ourselves from these misfortunes, we are, by exact and attentive obfervations, to fearch whether thefe vices, ftrong and affictive as they are, may not yet be cured, or at least abated. It is our duty to watch for those seasons when, through fatiety, fhame, or the unhappy confequences of indulged paffion, the vicious mind is on the point of breaking with its habits, and when the most flight affistance of a wife and fympathifing fympathifing friend would work an entire and lafting converfion. But alas! there are very few of a perfpicacity to make thefe obfervations, and of a goodness of heart to improve them. No fooner do we begin to take a difgust against a perfon, than it quickly thoots up to a determined averfion ; we are carried away by every malignant fuggeftion, without confidering that by them our misfortunes will be immoveably fixed: reciprocal averfion for ever excludes thofe moments of confidence and reconciliation which, more than once, have worked wonderful alterations. How many, especially women, by a perfect patience and fuperior endow ments of mind, have at length furmounted the obftacles which had alienated their husbands hearts, and have brought them to a conviction that folid and true pleasures are only to be found in virtue in the want of thefe complete changes, which are fometimes impoffible, as nature and conftitution cannot be caft over again, there are lenitives, by which things are rendered much more fupportable. Lions and tygers, we fee, are fo far tamed as to know and fhew a fondness for those who daily do them good: are more favage and obdurate monfters to be found amongst mankind? It is a moft indifcreet way to feek ease in our grief by relating the cause of it to every comer: fuch narratives the reigning malignity greedily feizes on, dreffes them up, and decorates them in its manner; fo that, to the perfons concerned, they return quite changed and disfigured; and, by fuch circulations of reports, mere trifles fwell to very unhappy occurrences. If there are cafes which admit of confidence, (and yet where to find a proper confidence?) if there are, I fay, cafes, where fuch an effufion of the heart may be useful; matrimonial bickerings are not of the number. A prudent hufband, and confequently a prudent wife, when it is their misfortune to have had words, go directly to the fource of the evil, expoftulate with each other, clear up the point, allow themfelves to have been in the wrong, and are not eafy till they ftifle the very remembrance But, of the caufe of complaint. when each fets up a diftinct interest and gathers partifans, these two oppofite factions begin a war which feldom fees a happy period: every day fome new grievance is brought on the carpet, difcuffed, and aggravated: every day the fun, inftead of giving light to reconciliation and love, fets on wrath and rancour. The other advice which I would here offer is, to retain in the conjugal fociety certain attentions to politeness, which fometimes are very imprudently thrown afide. I am very well aware that this union frees from the constraint of ceremony, and places the married pair in a familiarity the more pleating as it is intimate; yet does not this familiarity exclude decency. To whom does it more behove us that we fhould fhew ourselves in an amiable appearance, fuch as conciliates efteem and a kind of deference? this is very wrongly ima gined an embellishment to be referved for the public; and that to be morofe, humourfome, flovenly, and impolite, at home, fignifies nothing: alas! the moft engaging perfons, thofe of the moft attractive graces, on a near view, and with all their involuntary foibles, are fufficiently little and contemptible, without multiplying defects. Not a few perfons feem to derive their qualities from the place they are in: abroad all wit, politeness, and charms; fmiles enliven their countenance; their behaviour is fprightly, their conversation entertaining; they are the foul, the joy, of every company. But, behold them within their own doors, what a metamorphosis ! a cloud lowers on their brow; monofyllables are all that come from their mouths; they take pet at the buzzing for a fly; indearments are returned with fullennefs, and fondness with paffion; dejection deadens the looks of all the family; and he, who fhould be its ornament and pattern, is its plague and terror. He who behaves thus muft very little understand his real intereft; he must be his own enemy. Of all places, let me chufe my moft chearful hours under my own roof. Neatness and decency of the body and clothing come within the the attentions recommended in this article. No fooner are a pair come together than all fuch confiderations are dropped, and they appear before each other in points of view very unfit to increase liking. Another imprudence very reprehenfible, and especially in the fair fex, who (as they owe the greatest part of their fovereignty to their allurements) fhould feek to please in the feafon when it is allowable and a lawful end invites; whereas the plain drift of all their elegancy is to fecure a lover, who, when become a Hufband, one would think by their attire, is not worth their notice. How many currents, fhelves,and rocks, occur in the voyage for which this effay may be a kind of compafs! yet I dare flatter myself, that they who make ufe of this compafs will find themselves the better for it: let not the number of precautions, which I have specified, deter. Can our attention be better employed? can there be a more commendable ufe made of our talents than to retrieve, establish, and promote, the happiness of a ftate, the charms of which, between two perfons whofe connexion is attended with maxims of honour and principles of virtue, conftitute an union of fentiment and foul, expreffive of the blifs of heaven! SURPRISING EFFECTS OF COLD. EXCESSIVE degrees of cold oc cur naturally in many parts of the globe in the winter-time. It is true, we are very much unacquainted with them in this country: yet in the winter of 1780, Mr. Wison of Glafgow obferved, that a thermometer laid on the fnow funk to 25° below o; but this was only for a fhort time; and, in general our atmosphere does not admit of very great degrees of cold for any length of time. Mr. Derham, however, in the year 1708, cbferved in England, that the mercury ftood within one tenth of an inch of its ftation when plunged into a mixture of fnow and falt. In 1732, the thermometer at Petersburg stood át 28° below o; and in 1737, when the French academicians wintered at the north polar circle, or near it, the thermometer funk to 33° below o; and in the Afiatic and American continents ftill greater degrees of cold are very common. The effects of these extreme degrees of cold are very surprising. Trees are burft, rocks rent, and rivers and lakes frozen feveral feet deep metallic fuftances blifter the fkin like red-hot iron: the air, when drawn in by refpiration, hurts the Jungs, and excites a cough: even the effects of fire in a great measure feem to ceafe; and, it is obferved, that, though metals are kept for a confiderable time before a ftrong fire, they will ftill freeze water when thrown upon them. When the French mathematicians wintered at Tornea in Lapland, the external air, when fuddenly admitted into their rooms, converted the moisture of the air into whirls of snow; their breasts feemed to be rent when they breathed it, and the contact of it was intolerable to their bodies; and the fpirit of wine, which had not been highly rectified, burst fome of their thermometers by the congelation of the aqueous part. Extreme cold very often proves fatal to animals in those countries where the winters are very fevere; and thus 7000 Swedes perished at once in attempting to pafs the mountains which divide Norway from Sweden. It is not neceffary, indeed, that the cold, in order to prove fatal to the human life, fhould be so very intense as has been juft mentioned. There is only requifite a degree fsomewhat below 32° of Fahrenheit, accompanied with fnow or hail, from which shelter cannot be obtained. The fnow which falls upon the clothes, or the uncovered parts of the body, then melts, and by a continual evaporation carries off the animal heat to fuch a degree, that a fufficient quantity is not left for the fupport of life. In fuch cafes, the perfon firft feels himfelf extremely chill and uneafy; he begins to turn liftlefs, unwilling to walk or use exercise to keep himself warm; warm; and at laft turns drowsy, fits down to refresh himself with sleep, but wakes no more. An inftance of this was feen not many years ago at Terra del Fuego; where Dr. Solander, with fome others, having taken an excurfion up the country, the cold was fo intenfe, that one of their number died. The Doctor himself, though he had warned his companions of the danger of fleeping in that fituation, yet could not be prevented from making that dangerous experiment himself; and, though he was awaked with all poffible expedition, his body was fo much fhrunk in bulk, that his fhoes fell off his feet, and it GR BATTLE OF RANICUS is a fmall river near the Hellefpont in Leffer Afia, remarkable for the first victory gained by Alexander the Great over the armies of Darius.-Authors difagree very much about the number of the Perfians, though all agree that they were vastly more numerous than the Greeks. Juftin and Orofius tell us, that the Perfian army confifted of 600,000 foot and 20,000 horfe; Arrian makes the foot amount to 200,000; but Diodorus tells us, that they were not more than 100,000 foot and 10,000 horfe. The Macedonian army did not exceed 30,000 foot and 5000 horfe. The Perfian cavalry lined the banks of the Granicus, in order to oppofe Alexander wherever he fhould attempt a paffage; and the foot were pofted behind the cavalry on an eafy afcent. Parmenio would have had Alexander to allow his troops fome time to refresh themselves; but he replied, that, after having croffed the Hellefpont, it would be a difgrace to him and his troops to be stopped by a rivulet. Accordingly a proper place for croffing the river was no fooner found, than he commanded a ftrong detachment of horse to enter; he himself followed with the right wing, which he commanded in perfon; the trumpets in the mean time founding, and loud fhouts of joy being heard through the whole army. The Perfians let fly fuch fhowers of was with the utmost difficulty that he was recovered. In those parts of the world where vast maffes of ice are produced, the accumulation of it, by absorbing the heat of the atmosphere, occasions an abfolute fterility in the adjacent countries, as is particularly the cafe with the island of Iceland; where the vast collections of ice floating out from the Northern Ocean, and stopped on that coaft, are fometimes several years in thawing. Indeed, where great quantities of ice are collected, it would feem to have a power of augmenting its own cold, and that of adjacent bodies. GRANICU S. arrows against the detachment of Macedonian horfe, as caufed fome confufion; several of their horfes being killed or wounded. As they drew near the bank a most bloody engagement enfued; the Macedonians attempting to land, and the Perfians puthing them back into the river. Alexander, who observed the confusion they were in, took the command of them himself; and, landing in fpite of all oppofition, obliged the Persian cavalry, after an obftinate refiftance, to give ground. However, Spithrobates, governor of Ionia, and fon in-law to Darius, ftill maintained his ground, and did all that lay in his power to bring them back to the charge. Alexander advanced full gallop to engage him; neither did he decline the combat, and both were flightly wounded at the first encounter. Spithrobates, having thrown his javelin without effect, advanced fword in hand to meet his antagonist, who ran him through with his pike as he raised his arm to discharge a blow with his fcymitar. But Rofaces, brother to Spithrobates, at the fame time gave Alexander fuch a furious blow on the head with his battle-ax, that he beat off his plume, and flightly wounded him through the helmet. As he was ready to repeat the blow, Clitus with one ftroke of his fcymitar cut off Rofaces's head, and thus in all probability faved the life of his fove reign. [The Portraits of NORMAN SOLDIERS, given in this Number, are to be placed oppofite page 138 of the Wars of England, where their accoutrements and mode of fighting are fully defcribed.] CALLANT ACTION between Captain Sir EDWARD PELLEW, in La Nymphe Frigate, and Captain Jean Mullon, in the French Ship Cleopatra, captured June 18, 1793. Embellished with a correct and elegant Reprefentation of the hotleft part of the Action, when the Cleopatra was boarded, and the French driven from their Quarters, by the brave British Sailors. rage and intrepidity, that the British their quarters, drove them with great flaughter from their guns, and struck the French colours themselves, a circumftance fcarcely to be heard of in the naval annals of any country. The Nymphe carried 36 guns, and 250 men; the Cleopatra 40 guns, and 320 men. The French captain was killed early in the action, and the second captain is fince dead of his wounds; for the rest of the killed and wounded, with the official account of the engagement, fee page 63 of this Magazine. HE commencement of the late Cleopatra, was the most noble and awful that the naval hiftory of the world ever recorded; that even of Paul Jones and the Serapis not excepted. The French Captain ordered his ship to be manned, and, coming forward on the gangway, in the moft firm and collected manner, pulled off his hat, and called out, "Vive la Nation!" which was re-echoed by the whole of the French fhip's company, who gave three cheers. Captain Pellew, in like manner, ordered his men from quarters to the shrouds, and gave three noble huzzas to "LONG His majefty, in proof of his high LIVE KING GEORGE THE approbation of the conduct of Capt. THIRD!" and putting on his hat, Pellew, the gallant commander of La he gave the fignal for clofe action, one Nymphe, conferred upon him the of the most defperate ever fought. honour of knighthood, and fettled a The greatest part of the time the two liberal annuity on Lady Pellew durfhips were yard-arm and yard-arm, ing her life. Captain Ifrael Pellew, and fo clofe that any perfon might who was with his brother, and renhave been killed by piftol fhot. In dered infinite fervice in the action, is this manner the action was fupported, promoted to the rank of post-capwith undiminished valour on both tain; and Mr. Amherst Morris, first fides, for near an hour; when the lieutenant of La Nymphe, is promotmizen maft, and the tiller of the ed to the rank of matter and comCleopatra's rudder, being fhot away, mander. fhe fell foul of La Nymphe, and became entangled in her fhrouds: At this inftant orders were given to board her, which was done with fuch cou Sir Edward Pellew, is the brave officer, who fucceeded to the command of the Apollo frigate, of 32 guns, on the death of Captain Pownall. POETRY. |