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to levy contributions, and arrest isolated men. mistice was signified to them on the 8th, but they declared they would make war on their own account; and, as they continued the same conduct, several columns were sent against them. Captain Lutzow, who commanded one of those bands, was killed, with 400 of his men, and the remainder dispersed. Another troop, led by Captain Colombi, was completely surrounded, and the left bank of the Elbe entirely purged from the presence of those hordes who were guilty of every excess towards the unfortunate inhabitants.

Captain Planat, of the staff, charged with carrying intelligence of the armistice, arrived at Dantzig, where he had much difficulty in procuring admission, as General Rapp, its governor, fatigued by the great number of flags of truce which the enemy had daily sent, declared he would receive no more. The officer, therefore, experienced many impediments in making himself known.

On the 24th, the Emperor dined with the King of Saxony; and in the evening the French comedians represented in the Court Theatre one of Moliere's pieces, at which their Majesties were present.

On the 25th, Napoleon visited different debouches of the forest of Dresden, and travelled about twenty leagues, his Majesty having set out at five in the afternoon, and returned at ten in the evening.

The Emperor gave the command of the Bavarian corps of observation to the Duke of Castiglione, which force had been assembled at Wurtzburgh, and consisted of six divisions of infantry and two of cavalry. The Viceroy also assembled, between the Plave and the Adige, the army of Italy, composed of three corps, while the new corps which had been formed at Magdeburgh, under the command of General Vandamme, consisted of forty battalions, and eighty pieces of artillery.

The corps of the Prince of Ecmuhl, at Hamburgh, was reinforced by conscripts from France and Holland, so that upon that point there were more troops than on any previous occasion. The Danish division which joined the Prince of Ecmuhl consisted of 15,000 men.

"England," says the thirty-first French bulletin, "which had no money, was not able to furnish means to the coalesced powers; but concerted a new expedient. A treaty has been concluded between England, Prussia, and

Russia, by means of which a new paper currency of several hundred millions will be created, guaranteed by those three powers.

"It is upon such a resource they depend for meeting the expenses of the war.

"In the separate articles, England guarantees a third of this paper, so that in reality it is a new burthen added to the English debt.

"It remains to be ascertained in what country this paper will be issued. When that luminous idea was conceived, it was probably thought that such emission would take place at the expense of the Confederation of the Rhine, and even of France, Holland, Belgium, and the departments of the Rhine. Nevertheless, the treaty has not on that account been ratified since the armistice.'

Russia paid the expenses of her army with paper, which the inhabitants of Prussia were obliged to receive, and Prussia herself paid her debt with paper.

Napoleon took into his pay Prince Poniatowski's army, and gave it a new organization, so that in less than twenty days it was fresh equipped and in excellent condition. Yet, notwithstanding, all those brilliant resources, and although the French Emperor had really more power than ever, he only desired peace with increased ardour.

CHAP. II.

The Armistice broken-The Russians and Prussians enter Bohemia-Arrival of Napoleon at Laubau-Affair of Goldsberg -The Emperor enters Dresden-Battle before that City, and Retreat of the Allies-Successes of General Vandamme over the Duke of Wirtemberg-The Russians and Prussians enter Saxony-Losses sustained by the Allies in the previous Battles-Death of General Moreau-Situation of Affairs in Silesia under the Duke of Tarentum- The Allies, after being defeated at Dresden, seek Refuge in Bohemia-Operations of the French Army-Defeat of General Tauentzien by the Prince of Moskwa-Lefebvre Desnouettes overthrows Thielman, who had proved a Traitor to the French Cause-Movements ordered by Napoleon-Engagement at the Villages of Doelitz, Wachau, and Liber Wolkowitz, in which the Allies were overthrown-Situation of the Russians, &c. after the Defeat sustained at Wachau-Defection of the whole Saxon Force at Leipsic-Retreat of the French Army from that city to Lindenan-Fatal Explosion and blowing up of the Bridge at Leipsic-Count Lauriston and Prince Poniatowski drowned -NAPOLEON quits Erfurt after discharging Two Regiments of Saxon Cuirassiers-Obstinate and sanguinary Battle of Hanau-The French evacuate Frankfort-General Wrede, principal Author of the treasonable Conduct of the Bavarians —His Death-Situation of the French Army, and Orders of NAPOLEON previous to his setting out for Paris-The Emperor arrives at St. Cloud-NAPOLEON'S moral Reflexions on the Campaign of Saxony.

THE allies denounced the armistice on the 11th of June, and stated that hostilities would re-commence on the 17th at midnight; while, at the same time, a note from Count Metternich, Austrian Minister for Foreign Affairs, addressed to Count de Narbonne, gave him to understand that Austria declared war against France.

On the 17th, the dispositions of the two armies were as follow:

The 4th, 12th, and 7th corps, under the orders of the Duke of Reggio, were at Dahme. Prince Ecmuhl with his corps, to which the Danes were joined, had encamped before Hamburg, his head-quarters being at Bergedorf;

the 3d corps was at Leignitz, under the Prince of Moskwa's orders; the 5th at Goldsberg, under General Lauriston; the 11th at Loewenberg, under the Duke of Tarentum; the 6th, commanded by the Duke of Ragusa, was at Buntzlau; the 8th, under Prince Poniatowski, at Zittau; and Marshal St. Cyr was with the 14th corps, his left leaning upon the Elbe to the camp at Koënigstein, on both sides of the great road from Prague to Dresden, despatching corps of observation to the debouches from Mauenberg.

The 1st corps had arrived at Dresden, and the 2d at Zittau.

Dresden, Torgau, Wittenberg, Magdebourg, and Hamburg, had each their garrison, being accoutred and wellprovisioned.

The enemy's army occupied the following position:Eighty thousand Russians and Prussians had entered Bohemia, and were, on the 21st, to arrive on the Elbe. This army was commanded by the Emperor Alexander and the King of Prussia, and the Russian generals, Barclay de Tolly, Wittgenstein, and Miloradowitsch, together with the Prussian General Kleist. The Russian and Prussian guards formed a part of that corps, which, united to Prince Schwartzenburg's army, formed the grand army of 200,000 men. That force was to act on the left bank of the Elbe, by passing the river in Bohemia.

The Silesian army, commanded by the Prussian Generals Blucher and York, and the Russian Generals Sacken and Langeron, collected upon Breslau, and amounted to 100,000 men.

Several Prussian and Swedish corps, and an insurrectional corps, covered Berlin, being opposite to Hamburg and the Duke of Reggio. The force of the army covering Berlin was estimated at 11,000 men.

On the 19th, Napoleon repaired to Zittau, and instantly ordered Prince Poniatowski's corps to march, forced the debouches of Bohemia, passed the great chain of mountains which separate that country from Lusace, and entered Gabel; at the same time General Lefebvre Desnouettes, with a division of infantry and cavalry of the guard, obtained possession of Rumbourg, cleared the neck of the mountains at Georgenthal, while the Polish General, Reminski, took Friedland and Reichenburg.

These operations were intended to disturb the enemy at

Prague, and acquire certain information respecting his designs. The French there learned that the élite of the Russian and Prussian army was traversing Bohemia, and uniting upon the left bank of the Elbe.

The Emperor left the Duke of Belluno with the second corps at Zittau, to strengthen that of Poniatowski; he placed General Vandamme, with the first corps, at Rumbourg, to support General Lefebvre Desnouettes, who occupied the position in force, and caused redoubts to be thrown up on the height which commanded that point. The Emperor took the road to Laubau, in Silesia, where he arrived on the 28th, at which period, the enemy's army in that territory had violated the neutrality, by traversing the neutral country; having, also, on the 15th, insulted all the French advanced posts, and carried off several videttes.

During some preliminary affairs of outposts, the Emperor arrived, on the 20th, at Laubau, and, at break of day on the 21st, was at Loewenberg, where he caused bridges to be thrown over the Bobr, when General Lauriston's corps crossed that river at noon. General Maison, with his accustomed valour, having beat down every thing that opposed his passage, carried all the positions, and drew the enemy fighting near to Goldsberg, while, on his left, the Prince of Moskwa caused General Saken to be at tacked by the 3d corps, in front of Buntzlaw, where he overthrew him, and took many prisoners.

The enemy then began to retreat, and an engagement took place before Goldsberg on the 23d August. General Lauriston being there, at the head of the 5th and 11th corps, had before him the Russians, who covered the position of Flensberg, while the Prussians extended to the right on the road to Leignitz. At the moment when General Girard debouched to the left on Niederau, a column of 25,000 Prussians appeared at that point. He caused them to be attacked in the middle of the barracks of the old camp, which were forced at all points; when the Prussians essayed to make several charges of cavalry, but were uniformly repulsed, and driven from their positions, leaving nearly 5000 dead on the field of battle, besides many prisoners, &c. During the night, Flensburg was taken and retaken several times; at length, the 135th regiment threw itself on the enemy, and entirely defeated him, with the loss of 1000 killed and 4000 wounded, VOL. IV.-50.

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