The rights belonging to him and his heirs in the city of London, in time of peace, were as follow:

"That is to say, the said Robert Fitz-Walter had a soke or ward in the city, where was a wall of the canonry of St. Paul, which led down, by a brewhouse of St. Paul, to the Thames, and so to the side of the mill which was in the water coming down from Fleet Bridge, and went by London Wall betwixt the friars preachers and Ludgate, and so returned by the house of the said friars to the wall of the canonry of St. Paul; that is all the parish of St. Andrew, which was in the gift of his ancestors by the said seniority; and so the said Robert had appendant unto the said soke all the things underwritten :

"That he ought to have a sokeman, and to place what sokeman he will, so he be of the sokemanry, or the same ward: and if any of the sokemanry be impleaded in the Guildhall of any thing that toucheth not the body of the mayor that for the time is, or that toucheth the body of no sheriff, it is not lawful for the sokeman of the sokemanry of the said Robert Fitz-Walter to demand a court of the said Robert; and the mayor and his citizens of London ought to grant him to have a court; and in his court he ought to bring his judgments, as is assented and agreed upon in the Guild. hall, that shall be given him.

"If any therefore be taken in sokemanry, he ought to have his stocks and imprisonment in his soken; and he shall be brought from thence to the Guildhall before the mayor, and there they shall provide him his judgment that ought to be given of him; but his judg ment shall not be published till he come into the court of the said Robert, and in his liberty.

"And the judgment shall be such, that, if he have deserved death by treason, he to be tied to a post in the Thames, at a good wharf, where boats are fastened, two ebbings and two flowings of the water.

"And if he be condemned for a common thief, he ought to be led to the elms, and there suffer his judgment as other thieves. And so the said Robert and his heirs hath honour, that he holdeth a great franchise within the city, that the mayor of the city and citizens are bound to do him right; that is to say, that, when the mayor will hold a great council, he ought to call the said Robert and his heirs to be with him in council of the city; end the said

Robert

Robert ought to be sworn to be of council with the city against all people, saving the king and his heirs. And when the said Robert cometh to the hustings of the Guildhall of the city, the mayor, or his lieutenant, ought to rise against him, and set him down near unto him; and so long as he is in the Guildhall, all the judgments ought to be given by his mouth, according to the record of the recorders of the said Guildhall: and so many waifes as come so long as he is there, he ought to give them to the bailiffs of the town, or to whom he will, by the council of the mayor of the city."

It is not ascertained how this castle came into the hands of the crown; but upon its being consumed by fire in the year 1428, it was rebuilt by Humphrey, duke of Gloucester. On his death it was granted by Henry VI. to his cousin Richard, duke of York, who lodged here during the convention of the great men of the kingdom preparatory to the dreadful civil wars which followed. The attendance of the duke on this occasion, besides his noble partizans with their warlike suites, amounted to a train of four hundred

men.

In Baynard Castle, his son Edward, duke of York, assumed the name and dignity of king in 1460, which was confirmed by a number of his dignified adherents, after it had been first conferred by a mixed, tumultuary multitude.

Richard III. assumed the same dignities in this place. Here it was that he was waited on by his creature Buckingham; and here the hypocrite seemed reluctantly to receive what he had waded through the blood of his relatives to obtain. The scene is inimitably painted by SHAKE

SPERE.

The castle was substantially repaired by Henry VII. who changed it from a fortress to a palace. He often resided here, and hence made several of his solemn processions; and in 1505, lodged Philip of Austria, king of Castile, who was driven to England by a tempest.

It was the residence of Sir William Sydney, chamberlain and steward to Edward VI. And in this place the gloomy, superstitious Mary, maintained her right to the crown of England; and hence her partizans issued to proclaim her

title. The castle at this time was the residence and pro perty of William Herbert, earl of Pembroke, a particular favourite of that sovereign.

Queen Elizabeth did this earl the honour to sup with him; after which she went on the water to shew herself to her subjects. Her barge was instantly surrounded by boats; whilst acclamations, music, fireworks, and every testimony of joy was exhibited to testify to their sovereign the happiness her subjects felt at the sight of the mother of her people."Early hours were then the fashion, for, though this scene was exhibited on the 25th of April, the queen retired to her palace at ten o'clock."

The last inhabitants were the earls of Shrewsbury, and their families, who resided in it till it was burnt in 1666.

Adjoining Baynard's Castle was a tower, built by king Edward II. which his son in the second year of his reign, gave to William de Ros, of Hamlake, in Yorkshire, and his heirs, for a rose yearly to be paid, in lieu of all other services. This William, baron Ros or Roos, of Hamlake, bad been serviceable to the government, in the wars of France and Scotland, as well as a negociator of peace between the several powers. This tower afterwards was called LEGATE'S INN.

Another castle of consequence was the TOWER OF MOUNTFIQUET, or MONTFITCHET, which was built by William, a descendant of Gilbert Mountfiquet. Gilbert was a Roman by birth, and kinsman to William I. whom he supplied with a considerable force towards his invasion of England, and greatly assisted him in his successful battle against king Harold. For his services William I. granted him very considerable possessions in this country; all which he left to his son Richard, and returned to Rome. William de Mountfiquet was married to Margaret, daughter of Gil. bert Fitz-Richard, earl of Clare, and left issue, Gilbert Mountfiquet, whom Henry II. constituted forester of Essex; which office was confirmed to his son Richard, who attended Richard I. into Normandy, and was appointed by that monarch sheriff of Essex and Herts, in which office he continued

continued till his death. His son Richard was one of the discontented barons in the reign of king John, and of the twenty-five to whom the government of the realm was intrusted, and sailed, in company with baron Robert FitzWalter, to obtain succours from France. This nobleman refused to return to his loyalty as the others had done, but continued rebellious during John's reign, the beginning of the next; and in the battle of Lincoln, 1 Hen. III. He afterwards made his peace with government; but being of a turbulent spirit, he appeared at a tournament, contrary to the king's prohibition, for which he forfeited his lands; his return to his allegiance procured a restoration of his possessions, and king Henry, in the twentry-first year of his reign, constituted him justice of the king's forests, and ultimately sheriff of Essex, and governor of Hertford castle, He died without issue male, and the lands of his barony were divided among his three sisters.

In consequence of his disaffection, king John demolished this castle, which, on his return to duty,, was again repaired; but in the year 1276, was totally destroyed and dişposed of in the following manner;

66

Gregory Rokesly, lord mayor, and the barons of London, granted and gave to the archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Kilwarby, two lanes or ways, lying next the street of Baynard's Castle, and the Tower of Mountfiquet, or Mountfichet to be destroyed. In which place, the said Robert built the late new church of the Black Friars, with the rest of the stones that were left of the said tower. For the best and choice stones the bishop of London had obtained of king William the Conqueror, to re-edify the upper part of St. Paul's church, which was then (by chance of fire) decayed *."

*Stow. It appears by the above extract, that this castle must have been in a state of delapidation for many years; and king John vented his rage upon the remains of a ruined fortress, and evinced more inaJice than he accomplished injury to this portion of Montfichet's inheritance,

A tower

A tower was also situated on the river Thames, near the west part of the church belonging to the Black Friars. This was constructed at the expence of the city, by the licence and command of Edward I. The tower was so magnificent and spacious, that it was appointed as a royal palace; and the above monareh gave orders concerning it to the following purport: "Whereas we have granted you, (the mayor, &c.) for aid of the work of the walls of our city, and the closure of the same, divers customs of vendible things, coming to the said city, to be taken for a certain time, we command you, that you cause to be finished the wall of the said city, now begun near the mansion of the Friars Preachers, and a certain good and comely tower at the head of the said wall within the water of Thames there. Wherein we may be received and tarry with honour, to our case and satisfaction of our comings there, out of the pence taken, and to be taken of the said customs, &c, Witness myself at Westminster, the 8th day of July, An. 4, A. D. 1276."

Edward II. in the tenth year of his reign, granted an imposition towards building a new tower on the wall near the Friars Preachers, which stood till it was taken down by the order of Sir John Shaw, mayor of London, in the year

1502.

There was antiently a lane between Blackfriars and the Thames, which in the reign of Edward III. was called CASTLE LANE. In this lane was a spacious mansion, appropriated for the residence of the prior of Okeborn, in the county of Wilts; this priory, however, being suppressed as alien, by Henry V. it was given by his successor, Henry VI. with all its lands and appurtenances, towards the maintenance of King's College, Cambridge.

A large brewhouse joined PUDDLE WHARF, or Dock, a water gate to the Thames, "which was so called," says Stow," from the watering of horses, which occasioned filth and puddle by their trampling."

Ascending St. Andrew's Hill, we arrive at the parish church of

ST.