The Jewish Exodus from Iraq, 1948-1951The Jewish Exodus from Iraq, 1948-1951 describes the eradication of one of the oldest communities of the Jewish Diaspora. In 1950 and 1951, more than 120,000 Jews left Iraq for Israel, most travelling by plane in the largest airlift in history. Scholars give various reasons for this exodus. Some point to the strength of Zionism amongst the Jews in Iraq whereas others blame the anti-Semitic policies of the Iraqi government. Yet others see the cause as a combination of Iraqi oppression and Zionist education. Gat argues that with the establishment of the Iraqi state in 1920, the Jews actively sought to integrate into Iraqi society. This integration was halted by the pogrom of June 1941 and the invasion of Israel by the Arabs in May 1948, after which the Iraqi government adopted a policy of oppression and discrimination against Jews. |
Contents
Preface | 1 |
The Jewish Community in the Independent Iraqi State | 17 |
Iraq Changes its Official Policy towards the Jewish | 32 |
The Legislation on Jewish Emigration | 68 |
Organizing the Exodus | 79 |
Near East moves | 90 |
Israels immigration policy | 101 |
Iraq Israel and the Jewish Emigration Question | 106 |
68 | 122 |
96 | 128 |
The Property Freezing Law March 1951 | 144 |
Was Terror Employed to Accelerate the Exodus? | 160 |
Conclusion | 192 |
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Common terms and phrases
According airlift Aliya files anti-Jewish Arab arrested assets Aviv Baghdad to FO Barnett Basra Basra to SD be-Iraq Ben-Gurion Ben-Porat Berman to Mossad bombs Britain British ambassador Caton Charbinski committee Crocker to SD Cyprus decided Denaturalization Law departure dinars direct flights economic Embassy emigration exodus farhud feared Foreign Ministry Foreign Office Ha'aretz Hakham Hakham Bashi Hillel Ibid immigration from Iraq Iran Iranian Iraq's Iraqi Airways Iraqi authorities Iraqi government Iraqi Jews Iraqi nationals Iraqi police Iraqi premier Iraqi regime Israel Israeli Jewish Agency Jews from Iraq Jews of Iraq Kadoori large numbers le-Aliya leave Iraq Mack to Bevin Mack to FO Me-Ever la-Midbar Meir Mi-Bavel months Moshe Moshe Sharett number of Jews Nuri as-Said organization Palestine Prime Minister problem refugees registered reported Ru'ah Kadim Salah Sharett Shemtov situation solution synagogues Tajer Tel Aviv Tel-Aviv tion transport underground movement wrote Yitzhak Rafael Zionist Zionist emissaries