conclusion the true speech of the Scripture, so, as the words thereof seem to import in open sense, it is most contumelious against our The third only Lord and Saviour Christ Jesus, and a violating of his contumeliprecious blood, which upon the holy altar of the cross is the ous against only sacrifice and oblation for the sins of all mankind. Ched. By this your interpretation which you have made upon the first conclusion, this I understand; the body of Christ to be in the sacrament only by the way of participation; insomuch as we communicating thereof, do participate the grace of Christ; so that you mean hereby only the effect thereof. But our conclusion standeth upon the substance, and not the efficacy only, which shall appear by the testimony both of Scriptures and of all the Fathers a thousand years after Christ. Christ. And first, to begin with the Scripture, let us consider what is written in Matt. xxvi. Mark xiv. Luke xxii. and 1 Cor. xi. Matthew saith, As they sat at supper, Jesus Matt. xxvi. took bread, &c. In Mark there is the same sense, although not the same words; who also for one part of the sacra ment speaketh more plainly, Jesus taking bread, &c. After Mark xiv. the same sense also writeth Luke, xxii. And when Jesus Luke xxii. had taken bread, &c. In the mouth of two or three witnesses, saith the Scripture, standeth all truth. Here we have three witnesses together, that Christ said that to be his body, which was given for many; and that to be his blood, which should be shed for many; whereby is declared the substance, and not only the efficacy alone thereof. Ergo, it is not true that you say, there to be not the substance of his body, but the efficacy alone thereof. Substance and efficacy both grant sacrament. Cran. Thus you gather upon mine answer, as though I did mean of the efficacy, and not of the substance of the body; but I mean of them both, as well of the efficacy as of ed in the the substance. And forsomuch as all things come not readily to memory, to a man that shall speak extempore, therefore, for the more ample and fuller answer in this matter, this writing here I do exhibit i. [i The manuscript in the Public Library at Cambridge mentions the presentation during the Disputation of one paper only. This excites a Another Explication The final cause why was or dained. k An Explication exhibited by Cranmer. 1. Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, at the time of his for answer, maundy, preparing himself to die for our cause, that he exhibited might redeem us from eternal death, to forgive us all our in writing sins, and to cancel out the handwriting that was against us; by the Archbithat we through ungrateful oblivion should not forget his shop. death, therefore at the time of his holy supper did institute a perpetual memory of this his death, to be celebrated the Supper among Christians in bread and wine; according as it is said, Do this in remembrance of me: and, So often as you shall eat this bread, and drink this cup, you shall show forth the Lord's death till he come. And this remembrance or sacrament of his holy passion, that is, of his body slain, and blood shed, he would all Christians to frequent and celebrate in bread and wine; according as he said, Take, eat, and drink ye all of this. Therefore whosoever for suspicion, that the other was the Answer sent in on the preceding Saturday. (See p. 7, and 10, note.) And the suspicion is confirmed by the silence of the official report respecting any other written answer to the Articles, excepting the two Explications. But, on the other side it may be argued, that the notaries would transmit those papers only which were delivered publicly; and it would also appear from the same Cambridge manuscript, that the Answer of Saturday contained expressions not to be found in either of the Explications. See MSS. Cambr. Libr. Kk. 5. 14.] Harl. MSS. 3642. k [The following copy of this Explication in the original Latin is taken from the official report in the British Museum. Collier has printed it, vol. ii. No. 71, apparently from the same manuscript. There is also another, but less correct manuscript copy in the Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 340. p. 266; where it is entitled, Prafatio et protestatio Thomæ Cranmeri scripta et tradita propria manu in schola publica. A similar title is prefixed to an English translation by Grindal in the Harl. MSS. 422. f. 44. "Responsio domini Cranmeri ad articulos supra recitatos, in scriptis "1. Dominus et Servator noster Jesus Christus in sancta Parasceue "nostra causa obiturus, ut nos a inorte redimeret eterna, condonaret "omnia delicta, ac chirographum quod contra nos erat deleret, ne "mortis suæ ingrati unquam oblivisceremur, perpetuam illius memo"riam apud Christianos in pane et vino celebrandam pridie passionis "in sacratissima sua instituebat cœna; juxta illud: Hoc facite in mei "memoriam: et, Quotienscunque manducabitis panem hunc et calicem bi"betis, mortem Domini annunciabitis donec veniat. Atque hanc passionis suæ, id est, cæsi corporis et fusi sanguinis in pane et vino memo"riam sive sacramentum omnes Christianos jussit sumere, juxta illud: "Accipite, et manducate, et bibite ex hoc omnes. Quicunque igitur prop . man's tradition denieth the cup of Christ's blood to laymen, they manifestly repugn against Christ, forbidding that which Christ commandeth to be done, and be like to those Scribes and Pharisees of whom the Lord spake, Ye hypocrites, ye Matt. xv. have rejected the commandments of God for your traditions. Well did Esay prophesy of you, saying, This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. Without cause do they worship me, teaching the doctrines Luke vii. and precepts of men. The sacrament and mystical bread being broken and distributed after the institution of Christ, and the mystical wine being likewise taken and received, be not only sacraments of the flesh of Christ wounded for us, and of his bloodshedding, but also be most certain sacraments to us, and, as a man would say, seals of God's pro- Sacramises and gifts, and also of that holy fellowship which we of God's have with Christ and all his members. Moreover, they be promises. to us memorials of that heavenly food and nourishment, wherewith we are nourished unto eternal life, and the thirst of our boiling conscience quenched, and, finally, whereby the hearts of the faithful be replenished with unspeakable joy, and be corroborated and strengthened unto all works of godliness. We are many, saith St. Paul, one bread, and 1 Cor. x. one body, all we which do participate of one bread and one cup. And Christ saith, Eat ye; this is my body. And, Matt. xxvi. Drink ye; this is my blood. And, I am the living bread John vi. "ter traditionem humanam laicis sanguinis poculum denegant, palam "Christo repugnant, prohibentes fieri, quod Christus fieri jussit, et si"miles sunt Scribis illis ac Pharisæis, de quibus Dominus dicebat, Ir "ritum fecistis mandatum Dei propter traditionem vestram. Hypocritæ, "bene prophetavit de vobis Esaias, dicens, Populus hic labiis me hono"rat; cor autem eorum longe est a me. Sine causa autem colunt me, do"centes doctrinas mandata hominum. Panis ille sacramentalis seu mys"ticus, fractus et distributus juxta Christi institutionem, et vinum "mysticum eodem modo haustum et acceptum, non tantum sacramenta "sunt vulneratæ pro nobis carnis Christi, et fusi cruoris, sed certissima "sunt nobis sacramenta, et quasi signacula divinarum promissionum "ac donorum; ut, communionis nostræ cum Christo ac omnibus mem"bris ejus; celestis nutritionis, qua alimur ad vitam æternam æstuan"tisque conscientiæ sitis restinguitur; ineffabilis lætitiæ, qua fidelium "corda perfunduntur, et ad omnia pietatis officia roborantur. Unus "panis, inquit Paulus, et unum corpus multi sumus, omnes qui de uno pane et de uno calice participamus. Et, Manducate, inquit Christus, "hoc est corpus meum; bibite, hic est sanguis meus. Et, Ego sum panis ments,seals wine re charist, and with God's which came down from heaven. He that eateth me shall also live for ever-Not as your fathers did eat manna in the desert, and are dead. He that eateth me shall also live Bread and for ever. Thus therefore true bread and true wine remain main still still in the Eucharist, until they be consumed of the faithin the Eu- ful, to be signs, and as seals unto us, annexed unto God's be seals to promises, making us certain of God's gifts towards us. Also us, annexed Christ remaineth in them, and they in Christ, which eat promises. his flesh, and drink his blood, as Christ himself hath promised: They that eat my flesh, and drink my blood, abide in me, and I in them. Moreover, he abideth also in them which worthily receive the outward sacrament; neither doth he depart so soon as the sacrament is consumed, but continually abideth, feeding and nourishing us so long as we remain bodies of that Head, and members of the same. I acknowledge not here the natural body of Christ, which is only spiritual, intelligible, and unsensible, having no distinction of members and parts in it: but that body only I acknowledge and worship, which was born of the Virgin, which suffered for us, which is visible, palpable, and hath all the form and shape and parts of the true natural body of man. Christ's words are 2. Christ spake not these words of any uncertain subspoken, not stance, but of the certain substance of bread, which he then of an un- held in his hands, and showed to his disciples, when he said, "vivus qui de calo descendi. Qui manducat me, et ipse vivet propter me. "2. Christus non de substantia aliqua incerta, sed de substantia certa << panis, quem et manibus tenebat, et discipulorum oculis demonstrabat, stance, but of a certain of bread, hands. Eat ye; this is my body and likewise of the cup, when he certain subsaid, Drink ye; this is my blood: meaning verily of that bread which by nature is usual and common with us, which substance is taken of the fruit of the ground, compacted by the unit- which he ing of many grains together, made by man, and by man's had in his hand brought to that visible shape, being of round compass, and without all sense or life, which nourisheth the body, and strengtheneth the heart of man: of this same bread, I say, and not of any uncertain and wandering substance, the old Fathers say that Christ spake these words, Eat ye; this is my body. And likewise also of the wine, which is the creature and fruit of the vine, pressed out of many clusters of grapes, and maketh man's heart merry: of the very same wine, I say, Christ spake, Drink ye; this is my blood. And so the old doctors do call this speaking of Christ tro- How the pical, figurative, anagogical, allegorical; which they do in- take the terpret after this sort, that although the substance of bread speech of and wine do remain, and be received of the faithful, yet Tropical, notwithstanding, Christ changed the appellation thereof, and figurative, anagogical, called the bread by the name of his flesh, and the wine by allegorical. the name of his blood, "non rei veritate, sed significante mysterio;" i. e. "not that it is so in very deed, but sig-name of the “nified in a mystery:" so that we should consider, not In the sawhat they be in their own nature, but what they import to crament is us and signify; and should understand the sacrament, not to be consi 66 "dixit: Comedite, hoc est corpus meum. Et similiter de vero vino dixit; "Hic est sanguis meus. Nimirum de pane, qui est creatura hujus condi"tionis quæ est secundum nos, qui ex fructibus terræ acceptus est, de "multorum granorum adunitione congestus, qui ab hominibus fit, et "per manus hominum ad illam visibilem speciem perducitur, qui ro"tundæ est figuræ sensusque omnis expers, qui corpus nutrit et con"fortat cor hominis: de tali, inquam, pane, non de substantia aliqua "incerta et vaga, aiunt veteres Christum dixisse: Comedite, hoc est corpus meum. Perinde ac de vino, quod est creatura vitis, fructus "vitis, de botris atque acinis plurimis expressa, et lætificat cor homi"nis, dicebat Christus: Bibite, hic est sanguis meus. Adeoque Christi "locutionem vocant veteres figuratam, tropicam, anagogicam, allegoriC6 cam, quod ita interpretati sunt, ut quamvis panis vinique substantia "maneat, et a fidelibus sumatur, Christus tamen ideo appellationem "mutavit, et panem quidem carnis, vinum vero sanguinis nomine ap"pellavit, non rei veritate, sed significante mysterio: ut non quid sint, "sed quæ ostendant, consideraremus, non carnaliter, sed spiritualiter doctors do Christ. Bread call body. dered, not |