...was made by Ibn Khaldun. Distinguishing between white slaves and black slaves he remarks: Therefore, the Negro nations are, as a rule, submissive to slavery,...attributes that are quite similar to those of dumb animals, as we have stated.'5 As Muslim power and the Islamic religion advanced farther into black...

...Press, New Jersey, 1967, pp. 59, 63. 100. Distinguishing between white and black slaves, Khaldun writes, "Negro nations are, as a rule, submissive to slavery,...human and have attributes that are quite similar to dumb animals." Ibid., p. 117. 101. Bernard Lewis, "The Crows of the Arabs," in Henry Louis Gates, ed.,...

..."Prolegomena to World History," written in 1377 CE, that God made Africa a natural source of slaves, for "the Negro nations are, as a rule, submissive to slavery,...attributes that are quite similar to those of dumb animals."2 The ruler of Borno thought differently. In 1391-92 he wrote a letter to the sultan of Egypt,...

...the Middle Ages, drew a significant line between white slaves and black slaves, and concluded that "the Negro nations are, as a rule submissive to slavery,...attributes that are quite similar to those of dumb animals." Khaldun added that "most of the Negroes of the first zone [the tropics] dwell in caves and...

...Khaldun observes that "therefore, the Negro nations are, as a rule, submissive to slavery because they have little that is essentially human and have attributes that are quite similar to those of animals" (Daily Nation, ibid, p. 6). The rise of the Arab influence reinforced the institution of slavery,...

...someone else;" for this reason, the black nations are as a rule submissive to slavery, because they have little that is essentially human and have attributes that are quite similar to dumb animals, as I have stated."'* It troubles us to read these opinions. Philosophers claim that humanity...

...fourteenth-century Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun when he wrote that black people "are, as a whole submissive to slavery, because Negroes have little...attributes that are quite similar to those of dumb animals."4 There can be no doubt that the increasing purchase or capture of sub-Saharan African slaves...

...Ibn Khaldum, the most famous Arab philosopher of history of all times, could write in the Muqaddimah: 'The Negro nations are, as a rule submissive to slavery,...(Negroes) have little that is (essentially) human and possess attributes that are quite similar to those of the dumb animals' (Khaldum 1967: 117). There...

...Ibn Khaldum, the most famous Arab philosopher of history of all times, could write in the Muqaddimah: 'The Negro nations are, as a rule submissive to slavery,...(Negroes) have little that is (essentially) human and possess attributes that are quite similar to those of the dumb animals' (Khaldum 1967: 117). There...

...submissive to slavery. Even the eminent 14th Century Arab historian Ibn Khaldun insisted that the blacks "have little that is essentially human and have attributes that are quite similar to those of dumb animals." Such racist stereotypes and pro-slavery arguments are not any different from what we were...