The Death of Argument: Fallacies in Agent Based ReasoningThe present work is a fair record of work I've done on the fallacies and related matters in the fifteen years since 1986. The book may be seen as a sequel to Fallacies: Selected papers 1972-1982, which I wrote with Douglas Walton, and which appeared in 1989 with Foris. This time I am on my own. Douglas Walton has, long since, found his own voice, as the saying has it; and so have I. Both of us greatly value the time we spent performing duets, but we also recognize the attractions of solo work. If I had to characterize the difference that has manifested itself in our later work, I would venture that Walton has strayed more, and I less, from what has come to be called the Woods-Walton Approach to the study of fallacies. Perhaps, on reflection "stray" is not the word for it, inasmuch as Walton's deviation from and my fidelity to the WWA are serious matters of methodological principle. The WWA was always conceived of as a way of handling the analysis of various kinds of fallacious argument or reasoning. It was a response to a particular challenge [Hamblin, 1970]. The challenge was that since logicians had allowed the investigation of fallacious reasoning to fall into disgraceful disarray, it was up to them to put things right. Accordingly, the WWA sought these repairs amidst the rich pluralisms of logic in the 1970s and beyond. |
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Contents
METATHEORETICAL QUESTIONS | 1 |
WHO CARES ABOUT THE FALLACIES? | 3 |
THE NECESSITY OF FORMALISM | 25 |
THE INFORMAL CORE OF FORMAL LOGIC | 43 |
THREATS AND INTIMIDATION | 63 |
AD BACULUM AND PASCALS WAGER | 65 |
APPEAL TO FORCE | 75 |
DIALECTICAL BLINDSPOTS | 97 |
INTRACTABLE DISAGREEMENT | 183 |
STANDOFFS IN PUBLIC POLICY | 185 |
STANDOFFS AND DEMORALIZATION | 201 |
HOW TO INTERPRET ARGUMENTS | 217 |
CHARITY CAN WE FIND IT A HOME? | 219 |
MISSING PREMISSES | 239 |
BY PARITY OF REASONING | 253 |
VERDI IS THE PUCCINI OF MUSIC | 273 |
AD HOMINEM | 111 |
AND SO INDEED ARE PERFECT CHEAT | 125 |
PRAGMADIALECTICS | 149 |
PRAGMADIALECTICS | 151 |
BUTTERCUPS GNPS AND QUARKS | 161 |
UNIFYING THE FALLACIES? | 171 |
SECUNDUM QUID | 301 |
HASTY GENERALIZATION | 311 |
THE PROBLEM OF ABDUCTION | 335 |
THE WAY AHEAD? | 349 |
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Common terms and phrases
abduction abductive reasoning abortion abusive ad hominem analogical argument analogy answer argumentation theory Aristotle Aristotle's baculum arguments believe bias chapter Charity claim cognitive commits common knowledge concept conclusion condition confirmation deductive Definition deontic dialectical dialogue discussion Eemeren and Grootendorst epistemic epistemic communities example fact fallacy theory false force five formal Gabbay grue Hamblin hasty hominem human Hume idea inconsistency induction inference Informal Logic interesting invalid ISBN justified language Laura Bush logical form logicians matter meaning missing premiss notion NP-problem option Pascal's Wager practical syllogism pragma-dialectical pragmatic predicate present Press principle problem Problem of Induction proof proposition prudential argument qualification question Quine rational ravens reasoning relevance rule secundum quid semantic sense sentences similarity skeptic Sophistical Refutations standoff of force strategy structure theoretical theorist thesis things tion traditional fallacies true truth truth functional valid van Eemeren violation Walton Woods wrong