Anti-aid measure, § 3; no initiative petition
allowed against, § 78; credit of common-
wealth not to be given for private purposes,
§ 112.
Appointments by the governor, §§ 123, 133,
138.

Apportionment, of senators and representa-
tives, §§ 45, 53; of councillors, § 132.
Appropriations, origin of money bills, § 57;
no initiative petitions on, § 78; and no ref-
erendum, § 96; budget and regulation of
bills, §§ 108-111. See also Expenditures.
Arms, right to bear, § 17.

Army, standing, § 17; quartering troops, § 27.
See also Militia.

Arrest, freedom of legislators from, § 59.
Assembly, right of peaceful, § 19; no initiative
petitions against right, § 78.

Assembly of general court, frequent, § 22; pro-

visions for, § 41.

Attorney-general, term, § 39; and initiative
petitions, §§ 79, 101; and proposed consti-
tutional amendments, § 101; and vacancy
in governorship, § 137; election, § 138;
vacancy, 138; qualifications, § 138; not
to be legislator, § 149; or congressman,
§ 151. See also Offices.

Auditor, term, § 39; and vacancy in governor-

ship, 137; election, § 138; vacancy, § 138;
qualifications, § 138. See also Offices.
Bail, protection against excessive, § 26; no ini-
tiative petition affecting protection, § 78.
Ballot, voting by, § 54; form for popular legis-
lation and vote on constitutional amend-
ment, §§ 101-103.

Biennial elections, §§ 39, 46, 55, 117, 128, 132,
138.

Bill of rights, §§ 1-30; no initiative petitions
inconsistent with, § 78.

Boards and commissions, unification and in-
creased efficiency, § 74.
Body politic, title, p. 2.

Bribery, exclusion from office or general court
for, § 150.

Budget, provisions for, § 108; supplementary,
§ 109.

Building zones, § 71.

Census, provisions for, §§ 44, 53; valuation of
estates, & 63.

Charters of incorporation, revocation, § 75.

Civil cases, jury trial, § 15.

Clerk of house of representatives, not to be
legislator, § 149.

Clerks of court, election, § 62; incompatible
offices, §§ 149, 151.

Commissions, in name of commonwealth,

§ 124; to express tenure, § 124.
Common pleas, restriction on office holding by
judges, § 151.

Compact of government, p. 2.
Compulsory voting, § 37.

Conflicting and alternative measures, in pop-
ular legislation at one election, §§ 90, 92; of
constitutional amendments at one election,
§§ 90-92.

Congress, state officers not to be members of,
$151.
Conservation, of natural resources, § 67; of
wild and forest land, § 68.

Constitutional amendments, rules governing
initiative petitions for, §§ 77, 79-81; matters
excluded from initiative petitions for, § 78;
legislative substitute for petition, § 82;
introduction, § 83; procedure in general
court, §§ 84-87; submission to people, § 87;
conflicting and alternative measures at one
election, §§ 90-92; regulation of signatures
to petitions, §§ 99, 100; form of ballot,
§§ 101, 102; information for voters, § 104;
provisions for, self-executing, permissive
legislation on, § 107.

Continuance of amended constitution, § 156.

Contracts, revocation of charters, § 75.
Coroners, appointment, § 123.
Corporations, revocation and amendment of
charters, § 75.

Corrupt election practices, disfranchisement for, § 31.

Council, term, § 39; and election returns, §§ 47, 134; convening, § 119; pardoning powers, § 122; and appointment of officers, §§ 123, 133, 138; and removal of notaries and justices of the peace, § 123; and disbursement of money, § 125; governor in, § 129; lieutenant-governor in, § 129; size, § 131; purpose, § 131; quorum, § 131; election, § 132; qualifications, § 132; vacancies, 133; rank, § 135; register, § 136; and removal and retirement of judicial officers, 140; advice from supreme court, § 145; oaths, § 148; incompatible offices, §§ 149, 151. See also Offices. Counties, election of officers, § 62. Courts.

See Judiciary.

Credit of commonwealth, not to be given for private purposes, §§ 3, 112.

Criminal law, regulation, §§ 12, 13, 24-26.
Debate, freedom, § 21.

Disbursement of moneys, regulation, § 125.
Dissolution of general court, § 41.
District attorneys, election, § 62; not to be
congressmen, § 151. See also Offices.
Education, no public aid for private, § 3;
qualification for suffrage, § 32; no initia-
tive petition on anti-aid measure, § 78;
Harvard, §8 152-154; encouragement,
§ 155.

Elections, regular, § 8; freedom, § 9; general provisions, §§ 35-39, 134; voting machines, §§ 37, 54; biennial, 39; of governor, §§ 40, 117, 118; of lieutenant-governor, §§ 40, 128; of councillors, §§ 40, 132; of senators, §§ 46, 47; for vacancies in senate, § 48; judging, in general court, §§ 48, 59; for representatives, §§ 52-55; written vote, § 54; freedom and the initiative, § 78; provisions for popular legislation and vote on constitutional amendments, §§ 87, 88, 90-92, 97, 101-104; of secretary, treasurer, auditor, and attorney-general, $138. See also Franchise. Electorate. See Franchise.

Eligibility to office, equality, § 9. See also Offices.

Emergency laws, § 94; referendum on, § 98. Eminent domain, exercise, § 10; and the initiative, § 78.

English language, knowledge of, as franchise qualification, § 32.

Enrollment of constitution, § 157.
Equality, and natural rights, § 1.
Ex post facto laws forbidden, § 24.
Examination of candidates for militia offices,
$147.

Executive, and separation of powers, § 30. See also Administration; Offices; and offices by name.

Expenditures, regulation, § 125. See also Appropriations.

Extra sessions of general court, § 120.
Felony, no conviction by act of general court,
§ 25. See also Criminal law.
Finances, revenue, expenditures, loans and

public credit, §§ 112-115, 125. See also Appropriations; Taxation.

Forest land, public use, § 67; development, § 68.

Franchise, equal rights, § 9; qualifications,

§§ 31-34, 46; absentee voting, § 35; compulsory voting, § 37.

Freedom, right, § 1; elections, § 9; press, § 16; assembly, § 19; legislative debate, § 21; of legislators from arrest, § 59. General court, anti-aid prohibition, § 3; and trial by jury, § 15; moral qualifications and responsibilities, § 18; freedom of debate, § 21; frequent assembly, § 21; no criminal convictions by act of, § 25; to regulate quartering, § 27; and separation of powers, § 30; regulation of absentee voting, § 35; to provide for compulsory voting, § 37; power to regulate elections, § 38; elections by, §§ 40, 118, 128, 133, 134, 138; houses and title, § 41; assembly, meetingplace, dissolution, recess, §§ 41, 120; disqualification of members for certain offices, § 42; and governor's veto, § 43; governor's recommendation of amendment of bills, 43; to form senatorial districts, § 45; to apportion and regulate election of representatives, § 53; to create courts, 61; to provide for election of county officers, § 62; to enact laws, § 63; to provide for offices, § 63; to tax, § 63; to provide for income tax, § 64; to constitute municipal governments, § 65; to provide for relief of congested population, § 66; for development of natural resources, § 67; and of wild and forest land, § 68; for distribution of necessaries of life, § 69; for taking of land, § 70; for building zones, § 71; to regulate advertising in public view, § 72; to provide for taking of historic sites, § 73; required to provide for more efficient administration, § 74; action on initiative petitions on laws, §§ 80-82, 88-92; introduction

of constitutional amendments into, §§ 80, 83, 84; procedure on constitutional amendments, §§ 81, 84-87; substitute for initiative petition on constitutional amendments, § 82; and conflicting and alternative submitted constitutional amendments, § 92; emergency laws, §§ 94, 98; regulation of signatures to initiative and referendum petitions, § 99; and ballot for popular legislation, § 101; and repeal of popular legislation,

106; permitted legislation on initiative and referendum, § 107; budget and appropriation bills, §§ 108-111; and loans, § 114; adjournment, §§ 120, 121; and salaries for governor and justices, § 127; to form councillor districts, § 132; removal of judicial officers, § 140; to regulate probate courts, § 142; advice from supreme court, § 145; militia regulations, §§ 146, 147; oaths of members, § 148; officers not to be members of, §§ 149, 151; nor persons convicted of corrupt practices, § 150; and government of Harvard College, § 154. See also House of Representatives; Laws; Senate. Government, objects, p. 1, § 7; right to change, § 7.

of

Governor, term, § 39; election, §§ 40, 117, 118; veto power, § 43; recommendation amendment of bills, § 43; and election returns, §§ 47, 134; and disbursement of moneys, §§ 63, 125; and joint session on constitutional amendments, § 84; no veto of popular legislation, § 105; and budget, § 108; veto and reduction of items in appropriation bills, § 111; and loans, § 114; style and title, § 116; qualifications, § 117; power to convene council, § 119; and meetings of general court, §§ 120, 121; pardoning power, § 122; appointment of judicial officers, solicitor-general, and coroners, § 123; appointment and removal of notaries public and justices of the peace, §§ 123, 141; and militia, §§ 126, 146, 147; salary, 127; at meetings of council, § 129; vacancy, §§ 130, 137; and vacancies in council, 133; and vacancies in elected executive offices, § 138; and removal and retirement of judicial officers, § 140; advice from supreme court, § 145; oaths, § 148; not to hold other offices, §§ 149, 151. See also Offices.

Habeas corpus, privilege and suspension of writ, § 28.

Harvard College, provisions

154.

Hereditary offices, unnatural, § 6.

on,

§§ 152

Highways, taking of land for, and frontage on, § 70.

House of representatives, quorum, & 41; election, §§ 52-55; census and apportionment, § 53; size, § 53; qualifications of members, § 53; fines for failure to elect to, § 54; impeachment by, § 56; to originate money bills, § 57; adjournment, § 58; judging elections to, § 59; organization, § 59; power to punish offences, procedure, §§ 59, 60; freedom of members from arrest, § 59; clerk not to be legislator, § 149. See also General court.

Houses, power of general court to provide, §§ 66, 69; building zones, § 71. Impeachments, provisions for, §§ 51, 56. Income tax, § 64.

Incompatibility of offices, §§ 149, 151. Individual, protection, §§ 11-14; privileges, §§ 15-17.

Inhabitant, use of term, §§ 9, 46.

Initiative, definition, § 76; petition for law, §§ 77-79; petition for constitutional amendment, §§ 77, 79, 83, 84; excluded matters, § 78; transmission of petition to general court, 80; reference to committee, § 81; procedure in general court on petition for amendment, §§ 82, 84-87; legislative substitute for petition for law, § 82; submission of amendment to people, necessary vote, § 87; procedure in general court on petition for law, submission to people, necessary vote, § 88; amendment by petitioners, § 89; conflicting and alternative measures at same election, §§ 90-92; provisions on signatures, §§ 99, 100; form of ballot, §§ 101-103; information for voters, § 104; no veto on popular legislation, § 105; repeal of popular legislation, § 106; self execution of provisions for, permissive legislation, § 107. See also Referendum.

Institutions, no public aid for private, § 3; public inmates in private, § 3; religious rights in public, § 3.

Judicial decisions, no initiative petitions on, § 78.

Judiciary, writ of habeas corpus, § 28; tenure of officers, removal and retirement, §§ 29, 140; salaries, §§ 29, 127; and separation of powers, § 30; power of general court to create courts, § 61; to administer oaths, § 61; exemption from initiative and referendum petitions, §§ 78, 96; appointment of officers, § 123; notaries public and justices of the peace, §§ 123, 141; probate courts, § 142; writs, § 143; advisory

opinions, 145; oaths, § 148; incompatible offices, §§ 149, 151. See also Criminal law; Jury.

Jury, right to trial by, §§ 12, 15; no initiative petitions inconsistent with right, § 78.

Justice, recourse, § 11; impartiality, § 29. Justices of the peace, appointment, term, removal, §§ 123, 141; reëligibility, § 141; judges may be, §§ 149, 151. Land, reasonable compensation for taking, §§ 10, 78; taking and sale to relieve congested population, § 66; public use in natural resources, § 67; development of wild and forest, § 68; taking for highways and frontage on, $70. Law-martial, regulation, § 28; and the initiative, § 78.

Laws, equality of protection under, § 10; suspension, § 20; ex post facto, forbidden, § 24; enacting style, § 41; power of general court to enact, § 63; former, continued in force, § 144. See also Constitutional amendments; General court; Initiative; Referendum.

Legislature, composition and title, § 41. See also General court; Initiative; Referendum.

Lieutenant-governor, term, § 39; election, §§ 40, 128; style and title, § 128; qualifications, § 128; and meetings of council, § 129; as acting governor, § 130; oaths, § 148; not to hold other offices, §§ 149, 151.

Literature, encouragement, § 155.

Loans, contraction of public, §§ 113, 114; expenditure, § 115.

Local measures, excluded from initiative and referendum petitions, §§ 78, 96.

Military power, subordinate to civil authority, § 17. See also Army; Militia.

Militia, return of boards, § 126; organization, § 146; selection of officers, examination, $147.

Money bills, origin, § 57.

Municipal governments, power of general court, § 65.

Natural resources, public use, § 67.
Necessaries of life, public distribution, § 69.
Notaries public, appointment, term, removal,
§ 123; women eligible, § 123.

Oaths, to be administered by courts, § 61; of officials, § 148.

Offices and officers, accountability to people, § 5; no hereditary, § 6; rotation, § 8; equal right to aspire to, § 9; moral qualifications

and responsibilities, § 18; term of elective, § 39; disqualification of legislators, § 42; election of county, § 62; general court to provide for, § 63; announcement of election, 134; oaths, § 148; incompatibility, §§ 149, 151; exclusion for corrupt practices, § 150. See also Appointment; Election; and officers by name.

Organization of general court, §§ 49, 59.
Pardoning power, § 122.

Pauperism, and general suffrage, § 30; and suffrage of veterans, § 33.

People, power, § 5; rights, §§ 12, 19-28. See also Elections; Initiative; Referendum. Petition, right, § 19. See also Initiative; Referendum.

Plurality election, § 36.

Political year, beginning, §§ 39, 41.
Popular government, rights, §§ 4-7.
Popular legislation. See Initiative; Refer-
endum.

Population, relief of congested, § 66.
Postmaster, may hold state office, § 151.
Preamble, pp. 1, 2.

President of senate, § 48.

Press, freedom, § 16; no initiative petitions contravening freedom, § 78.

Privileges, no hereditary, § 6.

Probate courts, election of registers, § 62; regulation, § 142; incompatible offices, §§ 149, 151. See also Judiciary. Property, protection, § 10; no initiative petition contravening protection, § 78. Prorogation of general court, §§ 120, 121. Public debts, contraction, §§ 113-115. Public exigency, distribution of necessaries of life during, § 69.

Public use, in natural resources, § 67; in necessaries of life, § 69; in historic sites, § 73.

Public worship, duty, § 2. See also Religion. Punishments, no unusual, § 26. See also Criminal law.

Qualifications, for franchise, §§ 9, 31-34, 46, 51, 117, 128, 132, 138; of senators, § 45; of representatives, § 53; of governor, § 117; of lieutenant-governor, § 128; of councillors, § 132; of elected executive officers, § 138. Quartering of troops, § 27.

Quorum, of houses of general court, § 41; of council, 131.

Rank of councillors, § 136.

Recall of judges, no initiative petitions for,

§ 78.

Recess of general court, § 41.

Records of commonwealth, § 139.