in charge of German prisoners for several months for nothing. The members of the visiting society were most appreciative, both of the excellent arrangements, the varied fare provided for them, which included many of the things best worth seeing in the county, and the general pleasantness-in spite of the weather-of the whole proceedings. The total number of members attending some part of the meeting was, of the Institute, sixtythree, and of the Wiltshire Society, sixty-eight, one hundred and thirty-one in all. Not the least satisfactory point about the meeting was the fact that it was a distinct financial success, a balance of £38 58. 2d. falling to the Wiltshire Society, and £18 2s. 6d. to the Archæological Institute.

NOTES.

A Romano-British Site at Westwood. Mr. W. G. Collins, of Bradford-on-Avon, has long paid attention to a Romano-British site at Westwood, and has made extensive notes on the objects collected by him on the surface of a field in which the Roman coffin was found. These notes he has very kindly placed in my hands and allowed me to abstract from them the following short statement.

E. H. GODDARD.

The Roman stone coffin now in the portico of the Museum at Bath was found in 1906. It is very roughly made from the Oolitic stone of the district, has a rounded head, with an external width of 171⁄2 inches, tapering to 14in. at the foot. Its length is 4ft. 3in., its height 11in., with an inside depth of 7in. The sides and bottom are about 4in. thick. The thick stone slab forming the cover is deeply scored by the ploughshare, as it lay within a very short distance of the surface. The skeleton, of a child, was very imperfect when found. Nothing else was found in the coffin. On the surface, in the same field, Mr. Collins has found pieces of flue tile, a fragment of wall plaster, another of roof tile, a number of rubbing stones, and a piece of a very thin upper quern stone of hard dense grit, and a long bronze pin.' A great quantity of potsherds has also been collected from the surface of the northern half of the field around the spot at which the coffin was found. Of these the large majority, as in all Romano-British sites in Wiltshire, consist of common grey ware, fragments of vessels of all sizes from very large heavy vessels to thin small pots. There were also a number of black fragments of "Upchurch" type and of red brick coloured ware. Coarse light

The pin, the fragment of quern, and a selection of the pottery fragments and flints have been given to the Society's Museum by Mr. Collins.

2 Mr. Collins has made a large series of drawings of fragments of rims, &c., which he will very kindly give to the Society's Library.

brown or cream-coloured pottery was also present. There were fragments of red mortaria of various sizes, and the handle of a large amphora. A few fragments only of the hard "New Forest" ware occurred. About one hundred and fifty pieces, mostly very small, of good Samian were found, including twenty-six rim pieces which Mr. Collins believes belonged to fourteen different vessels. The most important of these were submitted by Mr. T. C. Cantrill to Mr. Reginald Smith, of the British Museum, who reports that the earliest and best glazed fragment is of the type known as Hofheim, vi., 2," dating from 40 to 60 A.D. Other fragments of "Forms 30, 31, 33, and 39" date from the later years of the 1st century to the middle of the 2nd century. The evidence of these fragments would thus give an early date for the site. On the other hand there appear to be no pieces of "Late Celtic " ware with the possible exception of one or two "bead rim" fragments. As a whole the pottery is distinctly Romano-British. Two small red fragments are of the Rosette stamped ware of which Mr. Heywood Summer has lately figured so many examples as having been manufactured at the kilns at Ashley Rails, in the New Forest.

From the same field Mr. Collins has collected a considerable number of worked flints, flakes, and scrapers of the various forms common in the down districts of Wilts, and usually regarded as Neolithic. Some have a thick white, others a bluish patina. Two fragments of wellmade polished flint celts also occurred, one the butt end, the other the cutting edge. Mr. Collins is inclined to regard these flints as contemporary with the Romano-British pottery on the ground that the two are found together on the surface on the same site, and he notes that he has also found flint scrapers, &c., on the sites of the Roman villas of Colerne and North Wraxall. Moreover he considers that their somewhat rough workmanship favours the theory of their late origin. It may be so; on the other hand it may be that Neolithic folk were living on the site centuries before the Romano-Britons inhabited it.

Mr. Collins wishes to record his great indebtedness to Mr. T. C. Cantrill, of the Geological Survey, for his kind and constant help.

"Blue hard stone, ye same as at Stonehenge," found in Boles [Bowles] Barrow (Heytesbury, I.)

There have recently come into my possession several volumes of original letters written by the late Wm. Cunnington, F.S.A., of Heytesbury, who in conjunction with Sir R. Colt Hoare made the Stourhead Collection of antiquities now in our Museum, on which Sir R. Colt Hoare founded his work, " Ancient Wilts." Many of these letters are originals from contemporary archæologists and geologists and others are Mr. Cunnington's own copies of replies he sent and reports of his numerous excavations in the Barrows on the Wiltshire Downs, and deal with the whole period of his excavations.

One of these letters, dated from Heytesbury, July 18th, 1801, is a copy of a letter he sent to W. P. Wyndham, Esq., of Salisbury, in which he describes the opening of Boles (Bowles) Barrow, which is situated

on the downs about midway between Heytesbury and Imber. After a description of the preliminary excavations the letter goes on to say :"We found it (the interior of the barrow) composed entirely of white marle (? chalk) stones till we came to the depth of four feet and a half when we found a ridge of large Sarcen stones and flints which extended wider as we worked down." [At the word "large" is a star, referring to a note at the bottom of the sheet, where it is written "The stones are about 28lbs. to 200lbs. weight."]

After further description of the excavation the letter states :-"The stones that composed so large a part of this ridge over the bodies are of the same species as the very large stones at Stonehenge, which the County people call Sarcens."

At the word Stonehenge is a star, referring the reader to a note at the bottom of the page, where, in his own handwriting, is written the following:-" Since writing the above I discovered amongst them the Blue hard Stone, ye same as the upright Stones in ye inner Circle at Stonehenge." It appears possible that after the letter to Mr. Wyndham was sent, the foregoing note was added as a memorandum to Mr. Cunnington's copy of the letter.

In another copy of this letter in my possession and evidently made at the same time as the other, there is a star at the word "Stonehenge," as above, but the note it refers to appears to have been omitted in the copying, as nothing is written at the bottom of the page.

In another letter, written to John Britton, dated Heytesbury, Nov. 8th, 1802, after referring to various matters concerning Stonehenge, he says:-"I am of opinion that the greater part of the stones were from the Wiltshire downs, the six (?) that are innermost of all are certainly from the neighbourhood of Frome. I think I showed you a great variety of the stones found in a large oblong barrow near this place that are of the same kind with several of those at Stonehenge."

It is strange that the above important facts do not appear in any account of the various openings that Boles' barrow has undergone. It was opened twice by Wm. Cunnington, of Heytesbury, in 1801, and again in 1803, once by Dr. Thurnam, in 1864, and in 1885 and 1886 by Wm. and Hy. Cunnington of Devizes. (See Ancient Wilts-South, pages 87, 88, Wilts Arch. Mag., vols. xxiii. and xxiv.) This is the only case where it is recorded that the "blue stones" have been found in a long barrow, though broken fragments have been found several times in the round Bronze Age barrows in the immediate vicinity of Stonehenge. Boles Barrow is about six miles from Stonehenge.

It is to be noted that it is not stated in the letter whether the "Blue hard Stone" was in the shape of (a) fragments, presumably from the Stonehenge uprights themselves, as was the case in the round barrows near Stonehenge, in which case their presence would tend to prove that Stonehenge was erected in the Long Barrow period, or (b) in the shape of natural small boulders, in which case their presence would go to reinforce Prof. Judd's theory that the blue stones at Stonehenge were 1 The spelling of the name "Boles" is Mr. Cunnington's.

found as drift boulders on the Plain, and would have no bearing on the age of the structure. B. HOWARD CUNNINGTON.

Certain Customs belonging to the Manor of Christian Malford in the County of Wilts taken out the Records, 1614.

Communicated by Mr. G. A. H. WHITE.

Impris Our Custom is for the Lord of the manor to grant by Copie of Court roll no more than three lives in one Copie at once.

Item Our Custom is for a tenant to put in a last life for two years Purchase and to Change a life for one years purchase.

Item Our Custom is if a man Do purchase an estate for himselfe & two Children he may Surrender his estate for the use of any other for his life and Cut of his Children Except the Children or any friend do give any mony to the purchase with the Father and Known (?) in Court but his wife must have her widohood And she may Surrender it to the next taker if she think fitt.

Item Our Custom is if a Copieholder put in the life of his Daughter and after his death She takes to the Estate She may marrey without a licence not Breaking nor Cause of forfiture nor loss of Heriot to the Lord for She is a Headholder her husband is not.

Item Our Custom is that after a Copieholder Dieth that his Execeter shall haue the profitt of his Estate till St. Micheal the archangel next following paying all Dutyes thats belonging to it.

Item Our Custom is to haue all maner of timber to Repair the Dweling house and out Houses gates and Stiles and Bridges post & rails as need require giving notice first to ye Lords Bayleiff and paying him a groat a tree for marking.

Item Our Custom is to have such meadow & pasture Lands & Earable Common which is part & percel of our Copiehold which hath or is belonging be ours by Custom.

Item Onr Custom is that all tops & Cuts all Shrouds all Dead trees all windfalls all underwood such as Heasell maple all thorn willow or any other sort is ours by Custom.

Item Our Custom is that a Copiehold tenant may Break up & plow any or all of his Copiehold Estate except Stonemead without licence or Breaking Custom.

Item Our Custom is when a Copiehold tenant Deceaseth and a Heriot is Due that the Execter ought to pay him of the Best quick Catle that he Dieth possest of and if he has none the best good that he Dieth possest of.

Item Our Custom is to haue plough Boot & fire Boot.

Item Our Custom is a Copieholder makes a Defauld at the Lord Court hauing business other ways he may saue his amercement by Signing a peney if Demanded.

Item Our Custom is if a tenant Should be atained of treason or ffelony his wife Shall injoy her widdows Estate after her Husband.

Item Our Custom is a Copieholder may keep his Copiehold in his own hands not Dweling upon the Same but his Servants without Licence but by Licence he make tenant & under tenant as he shall think fitt by vertue of his Copie.

Item Our Custom is when any tenant Deceaseth the next taker ought to Come into the Court to make his Claim & there be admited tenant according to Custom & when he is admited tenant he shall give the Steuard a Silver peney & two Shilling to the Homage to wittness that in Court he was admited tenant & if it shall Happen that the Steuard will not admit him tenant and he that Claimed Dieth the Lord must haue a Heriot and his wife her Widdows Estate.

Item Our Custom is that there can be no Surrender out of Court.
Item Our Custom is a tenant by misfortune Looseth his Copie yet shall

he keep his Living and if there be any other joyned with him in the
same Copie in Revertion of him he shall as well Injoy it after the Death
forfiture or Surrender by our Custom.

Item Our Custom is if a Copie in Revertion be granted by Lord and Lawfully taken before the Homage in the Court and the Copie be Lost by misfortune before the Revertion Do fall after the Death forfiture cr Surrender of the tenant that last was this revertioner or revertioners Shall Injoy it by our Custom, if any Such Revertioner do come into Court and Claim it in twelue month a day or any for him. Item Our Custom is that no other man then that is Sworn with us Shall haue to do with anything that appertaineth with our Court but those that be Customary tenants.

Item Our Custom is that all amercements pains and all orders which appertaineth to the Lord Court ought to be offered by the Customary tenants.

Item Our Custom is that all Strayers which be taken within this Mancr being und the price of iij and iiij to Remaine in the tything among the Customary tenant and the lord to have the price that they shall ap prayed at when they Shall be fully year'd.

Item Our Custom is that there is no Heriott Due in Heyday Street. Item Our Custom is it is not Lawful for any tenant to Sell any great timber growing upon his Estate without the Lord's Licence for a tree Eight Inches Square is Deemed timber. Our Custom is that all quarey and all mine Do Belong to the Lord.

Item Our Custom is the father do make any forfiture upon his Copiehold that it will not prejudice the rite and Interest of the Next Revertioner but they shall haue and Injoy the same according to our Custom. Item

Our Custom is if any tenant holdeth one two or three Messages or tenaments at his Death he ought to pay unto the Lord for Every Message or Tenement one Heriott Except it Do appear otherways upon the Copie.

Item Our Custom is that if the Lord do grant by Copie of Court Roll to any tenant three lives Every tenant being in possession ought to pay an heriot or Heriots after their Deaths according to the Customs. Item Our Custom is that if two or three Doth come to the Court and they