way of constructing steam-engines: the pistons, &c. of the working cylinders will be formed so as to lessen the friction, and by the means of a fluid. prevent the possibility of steam passing between them and the cylinders; the valves will be rotary, and so constructed also, as by the intervention of a fluid, to obviate the possibility of steam passing through them during the time it should be cut off from the cylinder, and the whole will take up less room than steam-engines of the common construction.

The power obtained by compressing elastic fluids in a certain temperature, and afterwards allowing them to act in a higher temperature, may be made obvious, thus; suppose the elastic fluid to be atmospheric air, and that a tube contains twelve cubic inches, with its natural temperature and elasticity, it will require a certain force to compress this air into two cubic inches (say a weight of thirteen pounds falling one foot); but, leaving out the consideration of friction, the elasticity of the air itself (compressed into this compass) would in the same temperature raise the same weight to the height whence it fell." If then," says the patentee, “ I place the tube and air in a temperature which would double the elasticity which the air had in its natural temperature, and then let it expand till it had the same elastic force it had before, I compressed it in its natural state, it will give me back a force which would raise 261bs. a foot high, and leave a disposable force of 13lbs. through the same height; and the same may be said of any other elastic fluid."

To HENRY CREIGHTON, of Glasgow, Civil Engineer; for a new Method of regulating the Admission of Steam into Pipes or other Vessels, and for the Heating of Buildings and other Places.

This invention consists in the application of the force or power obtained by the expansion and contraction of the pipes conveying and containing steam, or by the expansion and contraction of other pipes or vessels, bars or rods, connected with, or placed near to the pipes for conveying or containing steam, to effect and regulate the admission of steam into the pipes aforesaid; and the patentee applies this expanding and contracting force or power to regulators, for admitting the steam in different methods, as circumstances may require.

Such regulators may consist of cocks or valves, or other machinery now commouly employed.

He describes different methods by which the aforesaid force or power, obtained by the expansion and contraction of the pipes containing and conveying steam, or by the expansion and contraction of other pipes or vessels, bars or rods, connected with, or placed near to, the pipes for containing or conveying steam, may be applied to the effecting and regulating the admission of steam. But his invention consists in the application of these forces or powers to effect and regulate such admission. The methods by which the force and power aforesaid can be applied to the purpose above specified are various. To WILLIAM DAVIS, of Bourne, near Minchinhampton, Engineer; for certain Improvements in Machinery for shearing or cropping Woollen, or other Cloths requiring such process.

Mr. D. claims as his invention, First, the application of rotative cutters, made of one solid piece of metal, not screwed or wedged to a cylinder bar, as has hitherto been the practical way of making rotative cutters for shearing cloths. Second, the application of rotative cutters, in an angular direction. The difference between this and the application of rotative cutters hitherto in practice, will be easily understood, as the old practice is to place the under cutter, known by the name of ledger-blade, nearly parallel to the length of the cloth to be shorn, or else nearly _at_right angles to the length of the cloth. Third, the application of beds, made elastic by spiral springs, placed nearly at right angles to the plane of the ledger cutters.

By the above described machinery, one or two kerseymeres may be cut at one time, by fixing a thin piece of metal between the cutters and middle list, to prevent its being shorn; if it is desirable to cut one narrow cloth, one half of the cutters, or as many as necessary may be made to rest by casting of the lines.

His machine will stand in a room three feet by seven feet six inches, and will cut an end of cloth, of twenty-one yards in fifteen minutes, equally hard to cloth cut with any other machine, free from streaks from list to list, and equal from end to end. It does not leave those long hairs which rise above the surface, as in cloths cut with the for

mer

mer patent machine for cutting from list to list or that hard stubbed feel, as in cloths cut in the longitudinal direction. It will cut cassimeres, one or two at a time, with equal facility. The power of one man will drive it in full work and speed. The cutters are made solid, of the best double-refined caststeel, and are as hard as any common shear, an advantage not attainable in the former patent machines; from which it is expected that the cutters will work twelve months without being sharpened. The adjustment of the beds is so simple, that it does not require a mechanic; and will move through a space of three-quarters of an inch without injuring its elasticity.

A sufficient number of the best machines hitherto in use, to shear an equal quantity of cloth, would be more than double the expence of this machine. If a cerf of a long piece of cloth can be cut in ten hours by one of Harmer's frames, this machine is equal to twenty of them. The length of cut by the old machine is about 450 feet per minute, but by this machine 40,000

feet.

TO GILBERT LANG and ROBERT SMITH, of Parkholm, near Glasgow, Calico Printers; for the Mode of producing the Swiss new deep and pale Red, by topical Mordants, and a pale blue Discharge on said Red.

When the cotton cloth has been freed by steeping and boiling in soap and water, from the paste used by the weaver, and any other impurities it may have acquired, immerse it thoroughly, or, as it is called, tramp or pad it in a solution of any alkali and oil or grease, forming an imperfect soap, or boil it in any of the perfect soaps dissolved in water, or in a solution of soda and gallipoli oil, in the proportion of one gallon of oil to twenty gallons of soda-lees, at the strength of four degrees and a half; then dry the cloth in the stove, and repeat the process several times, which may be varied at pleasure according to the lustre and durability of the colour wanted, stove-drying the cloth between every immersion. To the above solutions add a little sheep's dung for the first three immersions, these are called the dung liquors; after the cloth has received the dung liquors, it is steeped for twelve hours in a quantity of water, 110° of heat of Fahrenheit; this is called the green steep. The cloth, being again stove-dried, is im

mersed as above in a solution of alkali and oil, or grease, or boiled in perfect soap dissolved, but without the sheep's dung; this is repeated four times, or oftener, according to the brilliancy of colours wanted, stove-drying as before between every immersion; these are called the white liquors. Steep the cloth for twelve hours at 1250 of Fah renheit, which forms what is called the white steep. The cloth being now thoroughly washed in cold water and dried, is ready to receive, first, the pink mordant, which is composed as follows: take equal quantities, by measurement, of a decoction of galls at the strength of four to six, and a solution of alum at one-half degree, the alum being previously saturated with whitening, or any other alkali, in the proportion of one ounce to the pound weight of alum; mix them together, and raise the temperature to 1400 of Fahrenheit, or as hot as can be handled. By immersion, as formerly mentioned, in this mixture, the cloth, when dyed and cleared, exhibits a beautiful pink, equal if not superior to that produced by cochineal, and forms the ground colour of the invention. The same effect may be produced by using the galls and alum as above separately. As a substitute for galls in the foregoing process, the following substances may be used, viz. oak-bark, sawdust of oak, shumac, myrobalan, citrons, tormentil roots, or any other substance, containing a sufficiency of the tanning principle or astringent quality; and as a substitute for alum the following may be used, viz. alum dissolved or held in solution by vinegar, pyroligneous, of the vegetable or animal acids, or any number of them combined (but which may be most readily obtained by using acetate of lead or sugar of lead,) or as a substitute for alum may be used any of the mineral, vegetable, or animal acids combined, singly or together, with tin, lead, zinc, antimony, bismuth, cobalt, or nikel.

or any

NOTHER Tragedy, by LORD

for publication.

ANTHONY TODD THOMPSON, Esq., F.L.S. will soon publish his Lectures on Botany.

Shortly will be published, Bibliographia Sacra; or, an Introduction to the Literary and Ecclesiastical History of the Sacred Scriptures, and the translations of them into different languages, by the Rev. JAMES TOWNLEY, author of Biblical Anecdotes.

The Malay Annals, translated from the Malay language, by Dr. JOHN LEYDEN, with an Introduction by Sir THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES, F.R.S. &c., will appear in a few weeks.

The Speeches of the Right Hon. HENRY GRATTAN, with a Memoir, by his Son, will shortly appear in 4 vols. 8vo.

The Hall of Hellingsley, a Tale, in 2 vols., by Sir E. BRYDGES, Bart. is in the press.

CHARLES MANSFIELD CLARKE, esq. will soon publish the second part of his Observations on Female Diseases.

Mr. W. M. CRAIG will publish early in the ensuing season, a Course of Lectures on Drawing, Painting and Engraving, considered as branches of elegant education, delivered in the Saloon, Royal Institution, on successive seasons, and read subsequently at the Russell Institution.

Mr. I. H. GLOVER is preparing for publication a Bibliographical Dictionary of English Literature, from the year 1700 to the end of the year 1820. It will contain the title of every principal work which has appeared in Great Britain during that period, together with the date of publication, its price, and the publisher's name, as far as they can possibly be ascertained; alphabetically arranged under the names of their respective authors, and under the subject matter of each anonymous publication.

An octavo edition is about to be published, of Memoirs of the Protector Oliver Cromwell, with original letters, and other family papers, by the late OLIVER CROMWELL, esq. a descendant of the family.

Dr. WARDLAW, of Glasgow, is about to publish his Lectures on the Book of Ecclesiastes.

Dr. FORBES' Translation of Laennec on Diseases of the Chest, with notes, will speedily be published.

In a few days will be published, a Reply to Samuel Lee, professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge, refuting his erroneous remarks on the New Translation of the Bible from the Hebrew text, by J. BELLAMY, author of the History of All Religions, the Anti-deist, &c.

Speedily will be published, by Mr. ROCHESTER, the Norwich and Norfolk Guide; or, Tourist's Companion and Itinerary: to be comprised in ten numbers at one shilling each, and a number to be published every fortnight. In the last number will be given views of gentlemen's seats, a correct map of Norfolk, and a plan of Norwich.

Lamps, supplied by artificial naptha, or essential oil of tar, produced in the making of gas from coals, under Lord Cochrane's patent, are rapidly making their way in the metropolis; the bril liant and penetrating light which they afford gives satisfaction wherever they have been tried.

Mr. STEVENSON will shortly publish a Practical Treatise on the Nature, Symptoms, and Treatment of Gutta Serena, a species of Blindness arising from a loss of sensibility in the nerve of vision, illustrated by numerous

cases.

Sketches of Upper Canada, Domestic, Local, and Characteristic; to which are added, Practical Details for the information of Emigrants of every class, and some Recollections of the United States of America, by JOHN HOWISON, Esq. will speedily be published

A new edition of Mr. CUTHBERT JOHNSON'S Essay on the Uses of Salt in Agriculture and Horticulture, is in the press, and will make its appearance in the course of a few days. It will contain the results of the experiments of Messrs. Curwen and Cartwright, as well as those of numerous other practical farmers; and, by the favour of the Board of Agriculture, will also be en. riched with those of Mr. Sinclair, of Woburn Abbey.

Mr. CURTIS will commence his next Course of Lectures on the Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of the Ear, on Monday, Oct. 1st.

In the account of some Experiments on the strength of Timber, given in our last Number, p. 66, it is stated that these experiments were made by John White, Esq., but in truth they were exclusively made by Mr. THOMAS TREDGOLD, of Lisson Grove.

Mr. ANDREW SMITH, of Mauchline, in Scotland, has invented an instrument for copying drawings, &c., called an apograph. It is so constructed, that drawings of any kind may be copied by it upon paper, copper, or any other substance capable of receiving an impression, upon a scale either extended, reduced, or the same as the original.

Mr. FRENCH, late of the University of Edinburgh, announces a Translation of TELEMACHUS into LATIN, and has circulated a specimen of his performance. No task would be more accepttable to the schools of all Europe. "It is with peculiar pleasure," says the Classical Journal," that we observe the beauties of a really excellent modern author clothed in an unfading garb. Perhaps of all other works, TeTemachus is best adapted for this purpose, and we are surprised that a Latin translation was never before attempted, though we are not sorry that it has been left to the elegant pen of Mr. French. The beautiful simplicity of its style, the classical nature of its subject, and the classical form of its construction, alike render it plastic to the skilful hand that would recast it in a Latin mould. No book can be found better adapted than Telemachus, translated in a pure and simple manner, for a text book to be put into the hands of a tyro in Latin. Its delightful story, the purity of its morality, the wisdom of its precepts, unperplexed by doubtful readings and uncertain meanings, would present a most alluring vestibule, through which the youthful scholar might pass to the higher departments of classical literature."

capable of existing out of the water a considerable time without the powers of life being impaired; hence it is just as shocking to dress shell-fish alive, as to convey mackerel (which do not possess an amphibious property, but die in a few minutes after being taken out of the water.) instantaneously out of the sea into a frying-pan or boiling water. The ignorant prejudice that lobsters, crabs, &c. are not good if they are dressed after they are dead, would vanish as soon as humanity were permitted to make the trial. When dressed many hours after they are dead, it is found that the fish is not lessened, or the flavour in the slightest degree impaired; if it were, that could hardly be a sufficient reason to torture a poor animal to gratify the pampered appetite of an epicure. Eels too possess this amphibious quality; therefore they are skinned, rolled in salt, and fried whilst they are writhing in agony.

A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Liver, and on some of the affections usually denominated bilious, is preparing for publication. Comprising an impartial estimate of the merits of the Nitro-muriatic Acid Bath, by GEORGE DARLING. M.D. Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of London.

The following circulation of a single newspaper merits to be recorded among the memorabilia of the art of printing: The Observer Sunday newspaper published an extra sheet on the 22d of July, with an account of the late coronation ceremonial. It was spoken of as a full and accurate detail of the ceremonies, and four well-executed woodcuts were introduced, exhibiting interior views of Westminster Abbey and the Hall, and in consequence there have actually been sold no less than 61,500 sets of this one publication, consuming no less than 133,000 fourpenny newspaper stamps, and producing to the revenue upwards of £2000.

There is nearly ready for publication in 4to. a series of coloured engravings, from original drawings, taken on the spot, by JAMES WATHEN, Esq. illustrative of the Island of St. Helena, and executed in the same style as those which accompanied his "Journal to India," to which will be added, two or three very curious wood-cuts relating to Bonaparte, a brief historical sketch of the Island, and a highly finished portrait of Mr. Wathen.

On the 15th of September will be published, part 3d of Physiognomical Portraits,

U

Portraits, containing ten beautiful engravings in the line manner, each of which will be by a different artist. The portraits will be accompanied by cons cise biographical notices in English and French, and will consist of the following eminent personages :

Albert Prince Aremberg.- Oliver Cromwell.-Thos. Cromwell, Earl of Essex.-Desiderius Erasmus. - Diego Philip de Guzman.-Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke.--John Pym.-Sir Richard Steele. Charles Edward Stuart. Thos. Wentworth, Earl of Stratford.

The Rev. Dr. CRACKNELL will soon publish an Essay on the Dying Confessions of Judas Iscariot, as found in the Greek records.

The Rev. JOHNSON GRANT is printing a Course of Lent Lectures, on the last seven sentences uttered by our Saviour from the Cross.

A History of the Literature of Spain and Portugal, by FREDERICK BOUTERWEK, translated from the German, is printing.

The Rev. T. H. HORNE'S Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, will be ready in the course of October next, in four large volumes, Svo each containing not less than 650 pages, closely but handsomely printed, with fifteen plates of maps and fac-similies, besides numer ous other engravings inserted in the body of the work. The delay in the publication has been occasioned, partly by the accession of new matter, (amounting to considerably more than one third) and partly by the author's desire that the supplementary volume (of which a limited number of copies only is printed,) inay appear at the same time, for the accommodation of purchasers of the first edition. This supplementary volume will comprise the whole third volume of the new edition, besides all such other historical and critical matter, as can be detached to be useful, together with all the new plates and fac-similies. Vol. I. contains a full enquiry into the genuineness, authenticity, and inspiration of the Holy Scriptures; with refutations of the infidel objections lately urged against them.Vol. II. treats on Scripture criticism, and on the interpretation of the Scriptures, with select lists of the best books on every subject therein discussed.Vol. III. contains a summary of biblical antiquities, including so much of Greek and Roman antiquities as is ne

cessary to elucidate the Sacred Writings, together with a geographical index of the principal places mentioned in them. -Vol. IV. comprises historical and critical prefaces to each book of the Old and New Testaments, and three indexes-1. Bibliographical-2. Of matters-And 3. of the principal texts cited and illustrated.

The observations of Sir Everard Home, that the black substance in the skin of the Negro has great influence in preventing the scorching operations of the sun's rays, are combated in the Newcastle Magazine. Sir Everard had said, that the rete mucosum of Negroes is a provision of nature against the scorching effect of the sun's rays.First, as a provision against the rays of the sun, black is the very worst colour that could possibly be chosen.-Secondly, why should nature be so partial to black men? There are black men in New Holland, and very dark-coloured skins near the north pole.—Thirdly, there is no such thing as a pigment in the rete mucosum. In the eye, indeed, there is a pigment. The colour of the skin, in truth, depends not upon any pigment, but upon its texture; the texture of that of the Negro is thicker, but coarser wove. This would be a better preventive against the sun's rays than any pigment. It was decided as long ago as the days of Buffon, that it is the obtundity of the nervous system of the Negro which renders him callous to the most scorching heat.

Some intelligent persons in Edinburgh have imitated the Parisians by an establishment to teach the connecting arts and sciences to persons engaged in particular trades. In France every working carpenter can draw with the hand, and also geometrically, and persue their tasteful productions and elegant formas.

Mrs. SIDNEY STANHOPE, author of Montbrazel Abbey, &c. &c. has in the press an Historical Romance, in four vols. called the Festival of Mora, which will be published in the month of September.

Speedily will be published the History of the Literature of Spain and Portugal, by FREDERIK BOUTERWEK, translated from the German.

Dr. Pearson's Lectures on the Practice of Physic, and on the Laws of the Animal Economy, also on Therapeutics with Materia Medica, and Professor Brande's Lectures on Chemistry, will commence the first week in October.

New