or linen manufactured piecę goods, or a mixture of the same, instead of, or in addition to, the stiffening of them with starch.

To RICHARD WITTY, of Sculcoats in the County of York, for certain Im provements in Pumps of various Constructions for raising and conveying Water; and Methods of applying certain Principles to Ships' Pumps. For the first part of this invention, the patentee introduces a siphon into the pump barrel, for the purpose of drawing off water or other liquors from ships, distilleries, &c. when raised by the pumps to a certain level, instead of forcing the fluid entirely up to the top of the barrel, and then suffering it, as usual on ship-board, to run over on the decks; or, instead of letting the water escape at the usual places of delivery, he causes it to descend again in a siphon pipe, to the lowest level at which it can conveniently be delivered. By this contrivance a considerable portion of the labour of pumping the water from below up to the deck is saved,

The water on shipboard, is to be raised in the pump barrel to a little above the level of the water, in which the vessel floats. The mouth of the siphon is introduced into the barrel some distance below the water line; the pipe is thence carried up to the deck, and down the side of the ship, the longest leg of the siphon reaching to the water's edge, consequently, when the pump is working, the siphon draws all the water out of the pump barrel as low as the level of the water in which the ship swims; so that the men who work the pump are relieved from the weight of all that part of the rising column from the water line to the usual place of delivery.

The second part of the invention is a contrivance for working pumps, by which the physical powers of a man can be more beneficially exerted than in the ordinary mode of pumping. It is proposed to place the man in a rocking chair, which is to vibrate upon a fulcrum or joint, at the bottom. To the top of the chair back is attached a rope or rod, leading to a bent lever, which raises the pump-rod. The man, being seated in the rocking chair, places his legs in a horizontal position with his feet pressing against the pump-barrel, and holds a rod also attached to the bent lever. He is thus enabled to rock the chair backwards and forwards,

There is also a contrivance, for shewing at all times, in the cabin, or else where, the height of water occupying the lower part of the ship. A float, from which a rod passes up through the decks, raises the top of the rod in front of a graduated scale and indicates the height of the water below. Or a small line from the rod is passed over pullies with a plummet suspended upon a graduated scale.—April, 1821. To JAMES GOODMAN, of Northampton,

for an Improved Stirrup-iron.

This consists in the introduction of a cross-bar, bearing a spring within the open bottom of a stirrup-iron supporting a false bottom, which rises and falls according to the motion of the horse, and affords relief to the rider; the horse is also relieved from any sudden pressure, and they prevent the breaking of the saddle-tree, the weight of the rider being uniformly carried upon an elastic instead of a solid bearing.-June, 1821. To ABRAHAM HENRY CHAMBERS,

Esq. of New Bond-street, London, for an improvement in the manufacture of a Building Cement, or plaster, by means of the application and combination of certain known materials hitherto unused for that purpose. This improvement consists in the employment of certain burnt or vitrified earths, and metallic and other substances, which are pounded or ground to powder, and mixed with lime for the purpose of producing the said building cement.

The earthy substances used, are all those kinds of clay or loam that are capable of becoming vitrified and intensely hard by exposure to a strong fire; chalk and such earths as become soft and fall to pieces, when exposed to heat, are unfit for the purpose; but flint stones or pebbles may be used with advantage. Trial upon a small scale may be made to determine the capability of any particular earth, by exposing it to a very strong heat, when if it runs into a vitrified state, or becomes excessively hard, it may be considered fit for the purpose, if otherwise not.

The proper kinds of earth being thus selected, the material is heated in the interior of a brick-kiln, or furnace, until it becomes completely vitrified or reduced to a state of hard, black or glassy slag; and this vitrification will

sometimes

same spirit of benevolence and philoso phy which leads the author to do ample justice to, and to bestow appropriate eulogiums upon every thing which appears to him grand, useful, or beautiful in our institutions, our operations, our establishments, our edifices, and our public works. In his introduction, he

says

"Let us seek, above all, to do justice to the measures which have been conceived and executed by the English government, to raise their navy to the degree of strength and splendour, which have been produced by laws full of prudence, grandeur, and wisdom. Nothing can give us so high an opinion of this government as an examination of its conduct to its own agents. We shall then see it religiously strict in its respect towards acquired rights, and, above all, faithful to its promises; magnificent in exciting future, and generous in rewarding past, services; careful of the happiness and health of its defenders, and sparing of their lives; finally, compassionate to its invalid servants, charitable to their widows, and fatherly to their orphans. These are virtues worthy of imitation by all nations: these are virtues, the benefits of which, distributed with liberality, have produced those noble sentiments of gratitude, devotedness, and enthusiasm, which have led to the undertaking of actions so great, and to the achievement of triumphs so glorious to the navy of Great Britain."

The naval part of the Travels of Mr. Dupin will add greatly to the just celebrity which he has acquired by his former labours, and will certainly be regarded as an appropriate monument in honour of the British navy, at a period when this navy has been raised to the highest degree of effect and perfection. Mr. Dupin's descriptions are not merely confined to the materiel of the establishments, and the physical part of their works; he makes us acquainted with the nature and spirit of the different institutions, and the relations of the legislature and the executive power with maritime operations. In our next Number we shall give an extended account of Mr. Dupin's new work.

Shortly will be published, a Voyage to Africa; including a particular narrative of an Embassy to one of the interior Kingdoms, in the year 1820, by WILLIAM HUTTON, late acting Consul for Ashantee, and an Officer in the African Company's service: in one vol. Svo with maps and plates.

Sir S. E. BRYDGES is printing a Tale, called the Hall of Hellingsley, in two,

volumes.

A Voyage of Discovery into the South Sea and Beering's Straits, for the purpose of finding out a North East Passage; undertaken in the years 1815, 16, 17, and 18, at the expence of the Chancellor of the Empire, Count Romanzoff, in the ship Rurick, under the command of the Lieutenant in the Russian imperial navy OTTO VON KOTZEBUE, will be published immediately, in three vols. 8vo, illustrated with maps.

covery will be given in the two next The same interesting Voyage of DisNumbers of the Journal of New Voyages with numerous plates and Travels.

A new volume of Sermons, selected from the Manuscripts of the late Dr. James Lindsay, is preparing for the press by his son-in-law, the Rev. Dr. BARCLAY, and will be published by subscription.

At St. George's Medical and Chemical School, the Courses will commence the first week of October.

1. On the Practice of Physic, with the Laws of the Animal Economy; by George Pearson, M.D. F.R.S. Senior Physician to St. George's Hospital, &c.

2. On Chemistry; by W. T. Brande, Professor Royal Institution, Sec. R.S. &c.. 3. On Therapeutics with Materia Medica; by George Pearson, M.D. F.R.S. &c. &c.

Mr. J. S. BUCKINGHAM will speedily publish his Travels in Palestine; through the Countries of Bashan and Gilead, east of the River Jordan: including a visit to the cities of Geraza, and Gamala, in the Decapolis; a more interesting work on these countries has not appeared.

Dr. WARDLAW, of Glasgow, is about to publish his Lectures on the Ecclesiastes, in two volumes. 8vo.

The Three Voyages of Captain James Cook, round the World, a new edition, complete in seven volumes, 8vo. with plates, will be published immediately.

A Treatise on the Game of Chess, is in the press, on a plan of progressive improvement, hitherto unattempted; comprising a regular series of lessons, adapted to every class of players, by J. H. SARRATT. Professor of Chess.

Mr. DAVID BOOTH is preparing for publication, a Letter to the Rev. T. R. Malthus, M.A. F.R.S., relative to the Reply (inserted in the 70th Number of the Edinburgh Review) to Mr. Godwin's Inquiry concerning Population; in which the erroneousness of the Theories of Mr. Malthus will be more fully illustrated.

Two

Two expeditions for the interior of North Africa, are about to proceed, under the patronage of the British government; one of them by the African Association. They take their departure from Tripoli, under the protection of the Dey, and with his recommendation to the black princes of the country. The two companies proceed in conjunction from Tripoli to Mourzouk, the capital of Fezzan. There they separate; the one directing their course eastward by the temple of Jupiter Ammon into Egypt; the other eastward to the Niger. Thus some of the grand problems of African Geography have a good chance of being speedily and satisfactorily

solved.

A silver goblet was presented to Sir JOHN SINCLAIR, on the third day of the Holkham sheep-shearing, (Wednes- * day, 4th of July, 1821). Mr. Coke, on that occasion, stated his entire approbation of the Code of Agriculture, which he considered to be the best book that had hitherto been published on that subject; and his satisfaction at having an opportunity of publicly expressing his friendship and regard for its author. At the Workington Agricultural Meeting, a cup was also presented to Sir JOHN SINCLAIR, Bart. for his agricultural exertions. The inscription on the cup is" Presented to Sir John Sinclair, Bart. by the Workington Agricultural Society, as a mark of the high sense entertained by that Society of the great benefits derived to agriculture from his unremitting exertions. 1821." We most sincerely unite our voice to those of Messrs. Coke and Curwen, in the tribute due to the patriotic exertions of Sir JOHN SINCLAIR, whom we consider one of the greatest, because most useful, practical philosophers that England ever produced.

A new edition is printing of Arthur Young's Farmer's Kalendar, in 12mo. under the superintendance of JOHN MIDDLETON, esq. author of the Survey of Middlesex, &c.

A small volume is in the press, containing Eight Ballads on the Fictions of the Ancient Irish, and several Miscellaneous Poems, by RICHARD RYAN, author of "A Biographical Dictionary of the Worthies of Ireland."

The same gentleman is preparing for publication, a Catalogue.of Works, in various languages, relative to the History, Antiquities, and Language of the Irish; with remarks, critical and bio graphical.

Shortly will be published a new work, entitled the Duellist, or a cursory view of the Rise, Progress, and Practice of Duelling, with illustrative anecdotes from history, by the author of "The Retreat," &c. &c.

A Monthly Journal of Popular Medicine, explaining the nature, causes, and prevention of Disease, the immediate management of Accidents, and the means of preserving Health, has been undertaken by CHARLES THOMAS HADEN, surgeon to the Chelsea and Brompton Dispensary, &c., of which four Numbers have appeared. The objects for which this publication was first instituted, were, to lay before the public, in familiar language, as much of the principles of medical science as may enable them to understand and recognize the state of health when present; to know the mode in which disorder of the healthy functions is produced, and consequently the principles which lead to a rational system of diet, exercise, and clothing; to distinguish between the state of health and that of disease, and therefore to mark the approach of coming diseases; and to become alive to the important truth of, how simple the remedial means are, which will remove a commencing disease, and lead a complaining patient back again to health.

The second and third (or last) series of Church of England Theology, by the Rev. RICHARD WARNER, consisting of ten Sermons in each series, on points of Christian Practice, and on the Parables of Jesus Christ, printed in manuscript characters, for the use of young Divines, and Candidates for Holy Orders, are now in the press, and will be published in the present month.

Mental Discipline, or Hints on the Cultivation of Intellectual Habits, addressed particularly to Students in Theology and young Preachers, is printing, by HENRY FOSTER BURDER, M. A.

The Rev. MARK WILKS is preparing an English edition of the Old Cevennol, by Rabaut de St. Etienne. Shortly

Shortly will be published a Picture of Ancient Times, and a Sketch of Modern History, in a most exact Chronological Order, forming a pair of Maps for the study of universal history, by Miss THOMSON.

Mr. J. G. JACKSON, who has published descriptive works of Southern and Western Barbary, and who has more than once crossed the chain of Mount Atlas, has published an observation which calls for an accurate investigation. From observations made by Mr. Colebrook, in India, on the heights of Mount Himala, his calcu lation is that from some of the crests of that enormous range, being visible at the distance of 211 English miles, their elevation should be 28,000 feet above the sea. Mr. Jackson has applied this rule to measure the height of certain elevated points of Atlas, on the eastern side of Morocco, which are visible at sea, 20 miles from the coast, westerly, and in the direction of Mogadore. Hence it will follow that the elevation of these heights would be more than twenty-nine thousand English feet above the level of the Atlantic, and of course the highest on the globe, as to any known measurement.

The dangerous ledge of Atkin's Rock has been marked and observed very narrowly by Capt. Cork, of the Barnet, from Demerara to Liverpool. Its po sition had not been determined exactly, but the captain announces its situation to be precisely in 540 54 latitude and 12 degrees west longitude from Greenwich.

A school of arts has been established in Edinburgh, for the instruction of mechanics in such branches of science as are of practical application in their several trades. Lectures on practical mechanics and practical chemistry will be delivered twice a week, during the winter season. A library, containing books on popular and practical science, has already been established. The institution is conducted under the direc⚫ tion of a committee of fourteen, having a clerk and tibrarian.

The last American journals contain details relative to the lands newly dicso vered in the Antarctic seas. They place New South Shetland in the 62d degree of south latitude, and the 63d of west longitude. Capt. Daniel W. Clark, of the ship Hersilia, reports that he pene trated to the 66th degree of latitude, where he observed lands stretching further to the south, the extremities MONTHLY MAG. No. 359.

he could not ascertain. The whole, even in summer, was blocked up with snow and ice, except in particular places frequented by seals.

The Russian frigate, the Wattorck, Capt. H. Henhousen, and a sloop of war, have been on a Voyage of Discovery in the Arctic ocean. Their account states the number of seals in New Shetland to be much inferior to what has been published by the Amecan navigators. The harbour, however, was full of vessels.

A

Several vessels have been to New Shetland, and have returned with cargoes of seal-skins. The John of London, Captain Walker, brought home 12,000. The extent of country explored from east to west, from Clarence Isle to Smith's Cape, is from 54 to 64 degrees west longitude, and from 61 to 64 degrees south latitude, and the land seen to the southward, as far as the eye can reach. The country already explored consists of numerous islands, without a vestige of vegetation. species of moss only is found upon the rocks near the shore; eternal snows covering the more remote parts, which are mountainous. Although nature, in those regions, assumes the most sterile and forbidding features, the thermome ter was at no time below the freezing point; but the melting snows near the shore so completely saturate the soil as to check all vegetation. A species of coal was found in abundance, which burnt very well, a specimen of which we have seen; thus affording the means, if wanted, of replenishing the fuel. The rise and fall of the tide is about twelve feet. The islands, headlands, &c. have been named, and the observations ascertaining the latitude and longitude, from repeated experiments, found true; so that we may soon hope to see a correct chart, from the surveys which have been taken, on the arrival of Captain Smith, in the Blythe, who is shortly expected. Part of an anchor stock, evidently Spanish, being bolted with copper, and bearing certain marks, was found on shore, and is presumed to be the only vestige now remaining of a 74 gun ship of that nation, which sailed from Spain, bound to Lima, about eighteen month or two years ago, and has not since been heard of.

A new pharos or light-house in the Shetland Isles was first set up Jan. 15, last, and is intended to burn constantly from the close of day till next morning. This light-house is at Sumburghead,

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