The Thermionic Vacuum Tube-Physics and ElectronicsThis work contains the principles of operation of The Thermionic Vacuum Tube, and coordinates the phenomena encountered in a study of this field. |
Contents
SECTION | 1 |
Relation between Space Charge and Potential Distribution | 9 |
CHAPTER II | 16 |
SECTION PAGE 22 Control of Space Current by Means of an Auxiliary or Third Elec trode 122475 | 22 |
CHAPTER III | 23 |
Elements of Thermionics | 30 |
Photoelectric Effect | 38 |
CHAPTER IV | 50 |
Low Frequencies w10 | 209 |
High Frequencies | 212 |
Practical Measurement of Amplification | 215 |
Amplification as a Function of Operating Parameters | 224 |
Tube Constants as Functions of the Structural Parameters | 226 |
Calculation of Amplification Constant | 227 |
Calculation of Plate Resistance | 234 |
Types of Thermionic Amplifiers | 236 |
Currentvoltage Relation of Infinite Parallel Plates | 54 |
Quantitative Relation for Concentric Cylinders | 59 |
Influence of Initial Velocities | 61 |
Effect of Voltage Drop in the Filament | 64 |
Influence of Limitation of Current by Thermionic Emission | 70 |
Effect of Curvature of the Characteristic | 73 |
Energy Dissipation at the Anode | 75 |
Efficiency of the Cathode | 76 |
Life of a Vacuum Tube | 84 |
CHAPTER V | 86 |
Mean Free Path of Electrons in Gases | 88 |
Ionization at Low Pressures | 90 |
Effects of Ionization by Collision | 91 |
Influence of Ionization on the Infrasaturation Part of the Charac teristic | 93 |
Effect of Gas on the Electron Emission Surface Effect | 98 |
Influence of Occluded Gases | 102 |
Ionization at High Pressures | 106 |
Difference between Gasfree Discharge and Arc Discharge | 107 |
CHAPTER VI | 109 |
The Fleming Valve | 111 |
Valve Detector with Auxiliary Anode Battery | 112 |
Thermionic Valve as High Power Rectifier | 115 |
Optimum Voltage for Rectification | 117 |
Types of Thermionic Valves | 120 |
Rectification Efficiency | 123 |
Production of Constant Source of High Voltage with the Thermionic Valve | 132 |
The Thermionic Valve as a Voltage Regulator | 142 |
THE THERMIONIC AMPLIFIER | 145 |
SECTION PAGE 52 Action of the Auxiliary Electrode | 146 |
Currentvoltage Characteristics of the Thermionic Amplifier | 150 |
Amplification Constant | 160 |
Mutual Conductance | 165 |
Shape of Output Wave in Circuit of Low External Impedance | 166 |
Characteristic of Circuit Containing Tube and Resistance in Series | 169 |
Static and Dynamic Characteristics | 170 |
Conditions for Distortionless Amplification | 178 |
Amplification Equations of the Thermionic Amplifier | 180 |
Voltage Amplification | 181 |
Power Amplification | 185 |
Experimental Verification of Amplification Equations | 189 |
Methods of Measuring the Amplification Constant | 193 |
Measurement of the Plate Resistance | 195 |
Direct Measurement of the Mutual Conductance | 199 |
Circuit for Measuring Amplification Constant Plate Resistance and Mutual Conductance | 203 |
Influence of the Electrode Capacities | 205 |
Amplification Circuits | 249 |
CHAPTER VIII | 266 |
Method of Procedure for the Solution of the Oscillation Equations | 267 |
Conditions for Oscillation in a Twoelement Device | 269 |
Conditions for Oscillation for Threeelectrode Tube | 271 |
Relation between Mutual Conductance of Tube and that of Plate Circuit | 279 |
Phase Relations | 280 |
Colpitts and Hartley Circuits | 282 |
Tuned Gridcircuit Oscillator | 284 |
Effect of Intraelectrode CapacitiesParasitic Circuits | 285 |
Regeneration | 287 |
Complex and Coupled CircuitsMeissner Circuit | 290 |
SECTION PAGE 90 Circuits Comprising ac and dc Branches | 292 |
Effect of Grid Current | 295 |
Output Power | 296 |
Efficiency | 298 |
Method of Adjusting Coupling between Output and Input | 306 |
Influence of the Operating Parameters on the Behavior of the Oscillator | 307 |
Range of Frequency Obtainable with the Vacuum Tube Oscillator Circuits for Extreme Frequencies | 312 |
CHAPTER IX | 315 |
Modulation | 318 |
Modulation Systems | 322 |
Detection | 325 |
Root Mean Square Values of Detecting and Modulated Currents | 328 |
Detection with Blocking Condenser in Grid Circuit | 332 |
Method of Measuring the Detecting Current | 335 |
Measurement of the Detection Coefficient | 339 |
Detecting Efficiency | 344 |
Comparison of Detectors | 346 |
Audibility Method of Measuring the Detecting Current | 349 |
Heterodyne Reception with the Audion | 353 |
Zero Beat or Homodyne Method of Receiving Modulated Waves | 358 |
The Feed Back Receiving Circuit | 360 |
Radio Transmitting and Receiving Systems | 361 |
Multiplex Telegraphy and Telephony | 364 |
CHAPTER X | 367 |
Hightension Voltmeter | 369 |
The Audion Voltage and Current Regulator | 371 |
Power Limiting Devices | 373 |
The Ionization Manometer | 375 |
Heterodyne Method of Generating Currents of Very Low Frequency with the Vacuum Tube | 377 |
The Thermionic Valve as a Hightension Switch | 378 |
Tubes Containing More than One Grid | 380 |
385 | |
Common terms and phrases
alternating current amplification applied voltage atom audion becomes capacity cathode and anode Chapter characteristic condenser condition constant contact potential difference curve decrease depends detecting current detector device discharge distance effect electric field electron affinity electron emission equal expressed filament and grid gases gives grid potential half period heating Hence high frequency increase inductance input voltage ionization by collision ionization voltage J. J. Thomson kinetic energy large number load resistance maximum mean free path measured mercury vapor metal modulated mutual conductance necessary number of electrons obtained operation oscillation circuit output circuit Phys plate circuit plate current plate potential plate resistance plate voltage positive ions pressure r₁ radiated reactance receiver shunt rectified result saturation current shown in Fig slope space charge substance surface telephone temperature thermionic current thermionic devices thermionic efficiency thermionic emission thermionic tubes thermionic valve tion tungsten vacuum tube voltage drop volts wave wire zero