Wren's estimate. Evelyn's servant wrote to him: 'There is a house full of people, and right nasty.' (Evelyn's Diary, 1698.)

P. 314, 1. 6. the historians. Cf. Thackeray-I... say to the Muse of History, "O venerable daughter of Mnemosyne, I doubt every single statement you ever made since your ladyship was a Muse," etc. (English Humourists of the Eighteenth Century: Steele, 1864, p. 113.)

1. 11. make-bates, breeders of quarrels. 'It is often seen that makebates are the occasion of estates being given away, and so posterity suffer.' (Charles Lillie's Letters sent to the Tatler and Spectator, 1725, i. 8.)

P. 315, 1. 6. All for Love, etc. These are the titles of Dryden's imitation, 1678, of Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra.

P. 316, 1. 4. Questions and Commands, see note to p. 293, 1. 20.

1. 39. Xenophon.

of Lacedæmon.

The reference is to Xenophon On the Polity

P. 317, 1. 35. Wycherley. See The Plain Dealer, 1677, Act ii,

Sc. I:

'Freeman. How, his courage, Mr. Novel?

Novel. Why, for Example, by red Breeches, tuck'd-up hair or Peruke, a greasy broad Belt, and now-a-days a short Sword.'

1. 37. Otway. See Friendship in Fashion, 1678, Act iii, Sc. 1 :— Malagene. I show'd my parts I think; for I tript-up both his wooden Legs, and walk't off gravely about my business.'

P. 327, 1. 10. genios. Johnson defines this as 'a man of a particular turn of mind,' and derives it from the Italian, giving another passage rom the Tatler as his example. Perhaps this is one of the words referred to by the spurious Tatler (No. 272), when it compliments Steele upon his 'wonderful Dexterity in coyning Phrases and adapting Words to Things.'

P. 331, 1. 33. freeze under your casement. Cf. Hor. Od. iii. 10, 2:— 'me tamen asperas

Porrectum ante fores, objicere incolis

Plorares Aquilonibus.'

Cf. also Milton, Paradise Lost, iv. 769-70, quoted by Steele in Tatler 79, and perhaps in his mind :

'Or serenate, which the starv'd lover sings

To his proud fair, best quitted with disdain.'

P. 333, 1. 32. It was on that memorable night, etc. In 1689 (April 29), the opera house at Copenhagen was burnt, and many persons lost their lives. (See Lord Molesworth's Account of Denmark in 1692, etc., 4th ed. 1378.)

P. 335, 1. 4. a sublime thought. The quotation is from Vergil's Eneid, vi. 11. 653–5.

P. 337, 1. 35. Mr. Eustace. The following extract from the British Mercury, 1710, with respect to this tragic story is given in the earlier

editions. 'Last Sunday, Mr. Francis Eustace committed a most barbarous murder on the body of his wife, by giving her seven or eight stabs with his sword, of which she died instantly. He jumped out of the window, and, falling on a palisado pale, tore his legs and thighs in such a manner that he was forced to have them dressed by the surgeon, who is since sent to Newgate for letting him escape, and a proclamation is issued out for apprehending him.' Steele's account relates the sequel.

1. 36. Dublin in Ireland. This expression is said to have been highly obnoxious to Swift.

P. 339, 1. 2. Both their balls took place i. e. took effect.

1. 31. the Ephesian Matron. Told by Petronius in the Satyricon. It is also found in Apuleius, and elsewhere. La Fontaine re-casts it in his Contes, liv. v. 6; and it was translated from him by Lloyd's friend, Charles Denis, in the St. James's Magazine for November, 1762.

P. 340, 1. 13. fable of the lion and the man. This is referred to in Shaftesbury's Characteristicks, ed. 1738, ii. 188, but the source is not given.

1. 35. Account of Barbadoes. The full title of Ligon's book is A True & Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes, 1673. Steele's story is elaborated from the following passage at p. 55:-'This Indian dwelling neer the Sea-coast, upon the Main, an English ship put in to a Bay, and sent some of her men a shoar, to try what victualls or water they could find, for in some distresse they were: But the Indians perceiving them to go up so far into the country, as they were sure they could not make a safe retreat, intercepted them in their return, and fell upon them, chasing them into a Wood, and being dispersed there, some were taken, and some kill'd: but a young man amongst them stragling from the rest, was met by this Indian Maid, who upon the first sight fell in love with him, and hid him close from her Countrymen (the Indians) in a cave, and there fed him, till they could safely go down to the shoar, where the ship lay at anchor, expecting the return of their friends. But at last, seeing them upon the shoar, sent the long-Boat for them, took them aboard, and brought them away. But the youth, when he came ashoar in the Barbadoes, forgot the kindness of the poor maid, that had ventured her life for his safety, and sold her for a slave, who was as free. born as he: And so poor Yarico for her love, lost her liberty.' Steele, it may be remembered, inherited an estate in Barbadoes from his first wife.

1. 39. Mr. Thomas Inkle. Ligon does not give the name of his hero-if hero he can be called. Steele probably took it from inkle a kind of tape. Cf. Swift, Polite Conversation, 1738, p. 105:

'Why she and you were as great as two Inkle-weavers';

and Gay, Shepherd's Week, 1714, P. 37:

'I twitch'd his dangling Garter from his Knee;
He wist not when the hempen String I drew

Now mine I quickly doff of Inkle Blue.'

Inkle was one of the articles which Mr. Gladstone classed with Mum (v. note to p. 202, 1. 167) in his speech on the Budget in 1881 as among the undiscoverables. Yet, like Mum, it was in Johnson; and the word is used by Shakespeare, and Beaumont and Fletcher. Anstey's Election Ball, 1776, is a series of letters in verse from 'Mr. Inkle, a Freeman of Bath' to his wife at Gloucester; and there is an Alderman Inkle in Foote's Lame Lover, 1770.

P. 341, 1. 36. Bugles, beads. Cf. Tatler, No. 245, p. 291, 1. 32, in this volume; and Walpole, Corr. by Cunningham, ix. 294. • When I was very young, and in the height of the opposition to my father, my mother wanted a large parcel of bugles; for what use I forget.'

1. 37. Bredes, i. e. braids. It is also used by Addison in this sense, and indeed by such later writers as Keats and Tennyson.

P. 343, 1. 6. Babies. See note to p. 136, 1. 8.

P. 344, 1. 18. a Summer-island suit. The Bermudas are also called the Summer Islands. But probably Steele only intends a synonym for West Indian, as Brunetta's admirer is a Barbadian.

P. 345, 1. 5. Bravery, magnificence.

1. 11. a black silk mantua. Mantua = Manto, Manteau, according to Bailey, a loose gown worn by women instead of a strait-bodied coat.' Cf. Pope, Rape of the Lock, iv. 8:

'Not Cynthia when her manteau's pinn'd awry,

E'er felt such rage, resentment, and despair

As thou, sad Virgin! for thy ravish'd Hair;'

and Guardian, No. 118:- Being by Profession a Mantua-maker, who am employed by the most fashionable Ladies about Town, I am admitted to them at all Hours.' The word is connected with one of Swift's happiest jeu de mots—the best pun that ever was made, Scott calls it. 'Being in a company (says Dr. Delany), where a lady whisking about her long train (long trains were then in fashion) swept down a fine fiddle and broke it; SWIFT cried out, Mantua ve miseræ nimium vicina Cremona.' (Observations on Lord Ossory's Remarks, etc., 1754, pp. 212-3.) Gay refers to the long trains of the manteaus, Trivia,

i. 109-11 :

'But since in braided gold her foot is bound,

And a long trailing manteau sweeps the ground,

Her shoe disdains the street.'

1. 12. In a petticoat of the same brocade. Mr. H. B. Wheatley, in his delightful Samuel Pepys and the World he lived in, 1880, pp. 204-5, suggests that Steele may have borrowed this idea from the course taken by Lewis XIV, when Charles II, in order to abolish French fashions, invented the so-called 'Persian habit.' Pepys thus refers to the circumstance :-Mr. Batelier 'tells me the newes how the King of France hath, in defiance to the King of England, caused all his footmen to be put into vests, and that the noblemen of France will do the like;

which, if true, is the greatest indignity ever done by one Prince to another... . This makes me mighty merry, it being an ingenious kind of affront; but yet it makes me angry, to see that the King of England is become so little as to have the affront offered him.' (Diary, Nov. 22, 1666.)

III.

THEATRICAL PAPERS.

P. 348, l. 12. Wildair, i. e. Sir Harry Wildair in Farquhar's Constant Couple, 1700. Wildair was Wilks's great part, and later Peg Woffington's.

1. 14. Sir Novelty, i. e. Sir Novelty Fashion, in Love's Last Shift, 1696. This was Cibber's first play, and Sir Novelty was the character by which he made his reputation. See Cibber's Apology, 1740, pp. 123-4.

1. 31. a young poet. This is conjectured to have been Leonard Welsted, who, many years after, printed a comedy, thought to be the one here referred to, under the title of The Dissembled Wanton; or, My Son, get Money, 1726. Pope put him in the Dunciad, ii. 207-10, and iii. 169-92; while Swift refers to him in the lines On Poetry: a Rhapsody, 1733, 11. 392-5 :—

'For Instance: When you rashly think,

No Rhymer can like Welsted sink.
His Merits ballanc'd you shall find,
That Feilding leaves him far behind.'

The poet afterwards substituted 'the laureate' (i. e. Cibber) for Fielding. 1. 37. the Careless Husband, 1705, by Cibber. Wilks took the part of Sir Charles Easy; Cibber, Lord Foppington; and Mrs. Oldfield, Lady Betty Modish, a character to some extent modelled upon herself. 'There are many Sentiments (says Cibber) in the Character of Lady Betty Modish, that I may almost say, were originally her [Mrs. Oldfield's] own, or only dress'd with a little more Care, than when they negligently fell, from her lively Humour....' (Apology, 1740, p. 177.) P. 350, 1. 1. the Lion. Cf. Addison's Spectator, No. 13, à propos of the opera of Hydaspes, in which the hero (the singer Nicolini) strangles a lion.

1. 14. Your fable of the lion and the man. Inkle and Yarico, p. 340, 14 of this volume.

Cf. Steele's paper on

1. 37. One Powell. When in London Powell's Puppet Show was exhibited in that part (at present non-existent) of the Little Piazza, Covent Garden, which adjoined what is now Tavistock Row. St. Paul's would thus be 'on the other side of the Garden.' In the season the

show removed to Bath. Powell was a dwarf, and made a fortune by his entertainments. Mr. Powell '—says Defoe—‘by Subscriptions and full Houses, has gathered such Wealth as is ten times sufficient to buy all the Poets in England.' (Groans of Great Britain, 1713, quoted in Ashton's Social Life in the Reign of Queen Anne.)

P. 351, 1. 14. the undertaker of the masquerade. This presumably was intended for the notorious Heidegger, a Swiss adventurer of surprising ugliness, who made a large fortune by Masquerades and Operas. Hogarth satirised him in the plates known as the Taste of the Town, 1724, and the Large Masquerade Ticket, 1727.

1. 30. the Arcadia, i. e. the Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia, 1590, by Sir Philip Sidney.

P. 352, 1. 10. motions is the old word for puppet-shows. Cf. Shakespeare, Winter's Tale, Act. iv. Sc. 2: Then he compassed a motion of the Prodigal Son, and married a tinker's wife within a mile where my land and living lies.' The word is also used by Ben Jonson, who gives the title of another of these plays at full:- Cokes. A motion! what's that? [Reads.] The ancient modern history of Hero and Leander, otherwise called the Touchstone of true Love, with as true a trial of friendship between Damon and Pythias, two faithful friends o' the Bankside.-Pretty, i'faith, what's the meaning on't? is't an interlude, or what is't?' (Bartholomew Fair, Act. v. Sc. 3.)

1. 16. Whittington and his Cat. Defoe gives the following curious advertisement of this puppet-play :—' I was the other Day at a Coffee-House when the following Advertisement was thrown in.—At Punch's Theatre in the Little Piazza, Covent Garden, this present Evening will be performed an Entertainment, called, The History of Sir Richard Whittington, showing his Rise from a Scullion to be LordMayor of London, with the Comical Humours of Old Madge, the jolly Chamber-maid, and the Representation of the Sea, and the Court of Great Britain, concluding with the Court of Aldermen, and Whittington Lord Mayor, honoured with the Presence of K. Hen. VIII. and his Queen Anna Bullen, with other diverting Decorations proper to the Play, beginning at 6 o'clock. Note. No money to be returned after the Entertainment is begun. Boxes, 2s. Pit, Is. Vivat Regina.' (Groans of Great Britain, 1713, quoted in Morley's Spectator.)

1. 16. Rinaldo and Armida. An opera by Handel, 1711. See Spectator, No. 5 (by Addison).

P. 354, 1. 1. The Scornful Lady, 1616, was a Comedy by Beaumont and Fletcher. The heroine in Steele's day was acted by Mrs. Oldfield. A 'scornful lady,' it should be added, in eighteenth-century parlance= a coquette.

1. 8. rose up and did honour = assurgere alicui. By his use of this idiom in his maiden speech in the House in 1714, Steele gave great offence to the Tories.