The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the OffspringGerard Hornstra, Ricardo Uauy, Xiaoguang Yang (Prof.) Maternal nutritional status affects the offsprings health development significantly during early embryogenesis, pregnancy, birth and lactation, and subsequently determines health during growth and even throughout adulthood. On the other end of the human lifetime scale, the importance of maternal nutrition expands into the time period before conception: Pre-conception nutritional status not only influences fertility, but also embryogenesis and life-long health. Predisposition for coronary heart diseases, Type-2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension can be caused by intrauterine adaptations to fetal malnutrition. Hence, optimizing nutrition for women during their reproductive period can be expected to have a great impact on the well being of the next generation. This workshop dealt with the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal growth, metabolic programming, energy and nutrient requirements, as well as under- and over-nutrition during pregnancy. Finally, it addressed the question of whether a distinct diet during pregnancy could reduce food allergy in the progeny. This book is a valuable and complete source of knowledge for all professionals involved in pediatrics, nutrition policy, womens health, immunology, epidemiology and public health. |
Contents
Evolutionary Developmental | 17 |
Folate | 29 |
Energy Requirements during Pregnancy | 49 |
Potential Effects of Nutrients on Placental | 73 |
Essential Fatty Acids during Pregnancy | 83 |
Dietary Essential Fatty Acids in Early | 101 |
NutrientInduced Maternal Hyperinsulinemia | 137 |
Maternal Malnutrition and the Risk | 153 |
Size and Body Composition at Birth and Risk | 169 |
Cardiovascular Disease in Survivors of | 183 |
Relationship between Maternal Obesity | 197 |
Special Problems of Nutrition in the Pregnancy | 213 |
Dietary Intervention during Pregnancy | 221 |
Future Challenges of Nutrition in Pregnancy | 235 |
Concluding Remarks | 249 |
Common terms and phrases
adipose adult allergens allergy antioxidant associated atopic atopy babies birth defects Bleker body composition breast milk carbohydrate cells Clin Nutr cohort concentrations cytokine deficiency diet dietary disease docosahexaenoic acid early effect embryogenesis EPUFA essential fatty acids factors fetal growth fetus folate folic acid formula function gene expression gestational age gestational diabetes glucose Hornstra G human milk hyperinsulinemia immune increased risk insulin resistance intake interaction intervention intrauterine iron IUGR Kramer levels lipid low birth weight Maternal Nutrition maternal obesity membrane metabolic micronutrient mothers neonatal Nestlé neural tube defects normal nutrients obese women obesity observed Obstet Gynecol offspring Pediatr perinatal phospholipids placental plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids postnatal PPAR pregnancy and lactation pregnancy outcomes pregnant women prenatal preterm birth progeny programming protein rats receptor reduced response serum status studies supplementation tissue trials trimester Uauy vitamin weight gain Yajnik zinc