Historical Dictionary of AustriaAustrians today often seem to believe that they have two histories. One is their republican present; the other, the centuries that their forebears spent as part of the multi-ethnic Habsburg Empire. Contemporary Austria is a fixture among Europe's democracies. Yet, it did not achieve this state easily: World War I, the unification with Germany in 1938, and World War II were catastrophes for Austria. In 1995, it became part of the European Union, and its government, culture, and egalitarian economy are far cries from the monarchical and highly stratified society of the old Empire. The second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Austria has been thoroughly updated and greatly expanded. Through its chronology, introductory essay, appendix, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries, greater attention has been given to foreign affairs, economic institutions and policies, social issues, religion, and politics. |
Contents
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1 | |
Heads of State | 353 |
Bibliography | 357 |
About the Author | 409 |
Photospread | 413 |
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Common terms and phrases
19th century affairs Allied Anschluss Archduke army Austria–Hungary Austrian lands Austrian National Austrian People’s Party Austrian Republic Austrian State Treaty Babenberg Bank became began Bohemia Bruno Kreisky Burgenland capital Carinthia Catholic central Europe chancellor Charles Christian Social Party coalition country’s cultural Danube dynasty eastern economic elections Emperor Engelbert Dollfuss especially European Union federal Ferdinand FPÖ Franz Joseph German Graz Habsburg Empire Habsburg lands Habsburg monarchy Heimwehr Holy Roman Hungarian Hungary imperial important industrial Italian Italy Jörg Haider Karl kingdom Kreisky Leopold Linz Lower Austria major Maria Theresa Maximilian military minister modern movement musical Nazi Nevertheless opera organization Otto Ottoman ÖVP parliament particularly Party of Austria percent president provinces reform regime region role rulers Salzburg Schuschnigg SDAP Social Democratic Socialist Party Soviet Union SPÖ Styria territorial theater throughout tion took trade trian Upper Austria Vienna Viennese Vorarlberg Vranitzky workers World