Pragmatics of Chinese as Native and Target Language

Acceptance action American analysis appearance avoid behavior China Chinese Chinese culture choice communication complaining compliment response concerns context cultural direct Disagreeing distribution English event examined example Explicit Compliment expressions face feel females focus force foreign formulas frequently function gender give given hearer Herbert his/her indicates indirectness interaction interlocutors invitation kind language learners less linguistic look males meaning mianzi moves native speakers neng observed occurs offer patterns performance person politeness positive pragmatic preferred present problem proposed realized Reason refusal relationship request ritual seat semantic shuo situations social speakers specific speech act status strategies suggestions supportive Table talk teacher thank topic types University utterance verbs wants xiang Zhang