I parte the kangled locks.

Kendall's Flowers of Epigrammes, 1577. +KANIKER. One who sells ale, to be taken away in cans, and not drunk on the premises.

Also in townes which are no thorow-fare, the justices shall doe well to be sparing in allowing of any alehouse, (except it be at the suit of the chiefe inhabitants there, and to supply the necessary wants of their poore) and then Kanikers (onely to sell to the poore, and out of their doores) would suffice, if they were enabled by a law.

Dalton's Countrey Justice, 1620. KARKANET. A necklace. See CAR

KANET.

An Irsh word, thus explained by Spenser :

KARROW, or CARROW.

There is another much like, but much more lewde and dishonest, and that is of their carrows, which is a kinde of people that wander up and downe to gentlemen's houses, living only upon cardes and dice, the which, though they have little or nothing of their owne, yet will they play for much money, which if they winne, they waste most lightly, and if they lose, they pay as slenderly, but make recompense with one stealth or another; whose only hurt is not that they themselves are idle lossells, but that thorough gaming they draw others to like lewdnesse and idleness.

View of Irel., p. 398 Todd. There is among them a brotherhood of karrowes, that prefer to play at chartes all the yere long, and make it their onely occupation. Holinsh., vol. 1, B 1, col. 2. KASTRIL. A base species of hawk; called also the stannel, or the windhover. See CASTREL and KESTREL. What a cast of kastrils are these, to hawk after ladies thus! Tru. I, and to strike at such an eagle as Dauphine. B. Jons. Epicane, iv, 4.

You are a lover already,

Also p. 101.

Daniel, Musophilus, p. 97.

†To KECK. to check.

Excuse me, reader, that my muse
Should such indecent language use.
I'm forc'd to keck my self, 'tis true;
I wish you may not do so too;
But beastly words best suit the nature
Of such an ill-look'd beastly creature.

Hudibras Redivivus, part 12, 1707. KECKSIES, for kexes. See KEX. KEECH.

The fat of an ox or cow,

rolled up by the butcher in a round
lump, a good deal resembling the
body of a fat man, is called a keech.
We are assured by Dr. Percy, that
this is the proper term, and still in
use. It is applied by Shakespeare
to a butcher, and to Wolsey, the
the reputed son of a butcher.

Did not goodwife Keech, the butcher's wife, come in
2 Hen. II', ii, 1.
then, and call me gossip Quickly.
I wonder
That such a keech [as Wolsey] can with his very bulk
Take up the rays o' the beneficial sun
And keep it from the earth.

Hen. VIII, i, 1.

Hence, though not certain, it is highly probable that tallow-keech is the right reading in Hen. IV, ii, 4. See TALLOW-KEECH.

To KEEL. To cool; from cælan, to cool, Saxon. A keel, or keel-vat, was the vessel in a brewery now called a cooler. See Skinner, Minshew, and Coles. Dr. Goldsmith says, in a note on Shakespeare, that to keel the pot is still used in Ireland for to scum it.

It may be so, and yet the original meaning might be also to cool it, by scumming, stirring, &c.; which particular way of cooling should, as Dr. Farmer suggests, be considered as implied in that phrase.

While greasy Joan doth keel the

pot.

Love's L. L., v, 2. Faith, Doricus, thy brain boils, keel it, keel it, or all the fat's in the fire.

Marston's What you will, 1607, Anc. Drama, ii, 199.

Latterly it seems to have been applied only to the cooling of boiling liquor; in Chaucer's time it was more generally used:

And doune on knees full humbly gan I knele, Besechyng her my fervent wo to kele. Court of Love, 775. It was used also by Gower. Coles, in his Dictionary, has, "to kele, frigefacio." Kersey has also, "to keel, to cool."

KEEL, KEIL, or KAYLE. A nine-pin ; from quille, French.

All the furies are at a game called nine-pins or keils, made of old usurers' bones, and their souls looking on with delight, and betting on the game.

B. Jons. Chloridia, a Masque, vi, 216. And now at keels they try a harmelesse chaunce; And now their curre they teach to fetch and daunce. Pembr. Arcadia, Lib. I, p 83. Coles has, "a keal, metula lusoria,' &c.; and Cotgrave, under Quille, says, "the keele of a ship; also a keyle, a big peg, or pin of wood, used at ninepins or keyles," &c. +KEEL. A kiln.

Calcaria fornax, Plinio. invòs. A lime keele.

Nomenclator.

To KEEP, v. n. To live, or inhabit; the 5th sense in Todd's Johnson.

Servile to all the skiey influences

That do this habitation, where thou keep'st,
Hourly afflict.
Meas for M., iii, 1.
A plague upon 't! it is in Gloucestershire;
'Twas where the mad-cap duke his uncle kept,
His uncle York,-&c.
1 Hen. IV, i, 3.
Here stands the palace of the noblest sense,
Here Visus keeps, whose court than crystal smoother,
And clearer seems. Fletcher, Purple Isl., v, 25.
The high top'd firres which on that mountain keepe,
Have ever since that time beene seene to weepe.
Brown, Brit. Past., I, iv, p. 87.

Would it not vex thee, where thy sires did keep,
To see the dunged folds of dag-tail'd sheep?
Hall, Satires, v, 1, p. 86.

In the university of Cambridge this sense is still preserved; they say there. Where do you keep? I keep in such a set of chambers. †KEEP. To keep counsel, to be discreet.

First and foremost tell me this: can this fellow keepe
counsell?
Terence in English, 1614.

To keep talk, to converse together.
But whilest we have kept talke, they are left a great
way behinde.
Ibid.

KEEP, s. The chief strong hold of an

ancient castle.

For in Baptista's keep my treasure lies.

Tam. of Shr., i, 2. Johnson has observed this sense in Dryden.

To take keep was to notice, to pay attention to anything.

And unto Morpheus comes, whom drowned deepe
In drowsie fit he findes; of nothing he takes keepe
Spens. F. Q., I, i, 40.
If when this breath from man's frail body flies,
The soul takes keep, or know the things done here.
Fairf. Tasso, v,

And, gazing on the troubled stream, took keep,
How the strong waves together rush and fight.

21.

Ibid., xiv, 60.

Also to take care [an early English phrase]:

But he forsakes the herd-groom and his flocks,
Nor of his bag-pipes takes at all no keep.

Drayt. Ecl., viii, p. 1427.
Fond man so doteth on this living clay,
His carcase dear, and doth its joyes pursue,
That of his precious soul he takes no keep.

H. More, Cupid's Confl, p. 311. +Finally not to take suche keepe of their safetie. Holinshed, 1577. +She takes no keepe of augurs' skill.

To KEEP TOUCH.

Lucan, by Sir A. Gorges, 1614.
To be faithful, to

be exact to an appointment.

I have kept touch, sir, which is the earl, of these.
B. and Fl. Beggar's Bush, v, 1.
He had been appointed to meet them.
Coles has, "to keep touch, facere quod
dixeris." See ТOUCH.

+This scene containeth the greife of Pamphilus as touching the marriage: where likewise he promiseth to keepe faithfull touch with Glycerie, yea whether his father will or no, if cause so require.

Terence in English, 1614. +Firmavit fidem. He hath surely kept his promise: hee hath made an assurance to keep touch with us: hee hath given an infallible token that he will forme promise.

+And that they should keepe touch with me I looke;
Foure thousand and five hundred bookes I gave
To many an honest man, and many a knave.
Taylor's Workes, 1630.

and be faithfull one to another.

†To KEEP CUT.

Cartwright's Royall Slave, 1651.

A pretty play-fellow; chirp it would,

And hop and fly to fist;

Keep cut, as twere a usurer's gold,

And bill me when I list.

Cotgrave's Wits Interpreter, 1671, p. 176.

arrangement.

If the organs of prayer be out of kelter,-how can we pray? Barrow, cited by Johnson.

I have not met with it elsewhere.

It

is said to be provincial, and derived from the Danish. See Todd.

in the example.

And he had besides two iron rings about his neck, the
one of the chain, and the other of that kind which are
called a keep-friend, or the foot of a friend, from
whence descended two irons unto his middle.
History of Don Quixote, 1678, f. 45.

+KEEPING. Upon my keeping, i. e., upon my guard.

I doo promes you that I am upon me kypying every
daye.
MS., letter dated 1562.

KEIGHT, for caught.

Betwixt her feeble armes her quickly keight.
Spens. F. Q., III, ii, 30.

KEISAR. See KEYSAR.
KELL, the same as caul. Of uncertain
origin, but signifying any covering
like net-work, as the omentum in the
intestines, a net for hair; also the
cones of silkworms, &c.

Bury himself in every silk-worm's kell,

Is here unravell'd. B. Jons. Devil is an Ass, ii, 6.
Is here, is put for which is here, &c.

With caterpillers' kells, and dusky cobwebs hung.
Drayt. Polyolb., Song iii, p. 707.
+Mens bones and horses mixed
Being found, I'll find an urn of gold to inclose them,

and betwixt

Saxon.

Yet are the men more loose than they,
More kemb'd and bath'd, &c.

B. Jons. Catil., act i, chorus.

No impositions, taxes, grievances,
Knots in a state, and whips unto a subject,
Lie lurking in this beard, but all kemb'd out.

B. & Fl. Beggar's Bush, ii, 1.
Dryden has used it. See Johnson.
+From whence, the people with much sprinckling of
water, softening that which the trees yeeld and bring
forth like unto certaine fleeces, kembe a most fine an:
tender matter, mixed of a kind of downe and liquid
substance, and spinning thred hereof, make silke.
Holland's Ammianus Marcellinus, 1609.

+Nor any barber did thy tresses pleat;
'Tis strange; but monsieur I conceive the feat,
When you your hair do kemb, you off it take,
And order 't as you please for fashion sake.

Witts Recreations, 1654. +Come, beauteous Mars I'll kemb thy hair smooth as the ravens feather, And weave those stubborn locks to amorous bracelets. Randolph's Jealous Lovers, 1646. KEMLIN. See KIMNEL. KEMP'S SHOES. To throw an old shoe after a person, was considered as sending them off with a lucky omen. Kemp's shoe is archly mentioned by Ben Jonson, as if proverbially old. Kemp the actor was doubtless meant; and Mr. Gifford conjectures, not improbably, that he might play the very part in which his shoes are thus mentioned, that of Carlo Buffone.

I warrant you, I would I had one of Kemp's shoes to
throw after you. Every Man out of his H., iv, 8.
Throwing the shoe is introduced by
Jonson elsewhere:

Hurl after an old shoe,

I'll be merry whatever I do.

Masque of Matamorph. Gipsies, vol. vi, 84. About the time when this play of Every Man out of his Humour was acted, Kemp had produced his Nine Days' Wonder, and was sufficiently popular to make a good-humoured jest upon him well received. KEMPT, for kembed, the participle of KEMB.

There is nothing valiant or solid to be hoped for from such as are always kempt, and perfumed, and every day smell of the taylor.

B. Jons. Discoveries, vol. vii, p. 115. The old edition has kempt'd, which is a mistake.

To KEN. To see; and KEN, sight. These words, though not current in common usage, have been so preserved in poetic language, that they cannot properly be called obsolete. Instances are numerous in writers of very modern date. See Johnson's Dict. In Scotland these words are still in full currency.

+Let this suffice, that they are safely come within a
ken of Dover, which the maister espying, with a
cheerefull voyce, making them, began to utter these
words unto them.
Lylie's Euphues.

+In the observance of al which, time and travell had
now brought us in kenne of a very pleasantly scituated
towne, faire and sumptuously builded.

Rowley, Search for Money, 1609. KENDAL GREEN. A sort of forester's green cloth, for the manufacture of which, Kendal, in Westmoreland, was famous.

Three mis-begotten knaves in Kendal green.
Hen. IV, ii, 4.

Fitz. Then Green-hood.
Acci. He's in Kendal green,
As in the forest colour, seen.

B. Jons. Underw., vol. vii, 34.
The sturdy plowman doth the soldier see
All scarfed with py'd colours to the knee,
Whom Indian pillage hath made fortunate;
And now he 'gins to loathe his former state.
Now doth he inly scorne his Kendall greene.

Hall's Satires, IV, 6, p. 76. It was the uniform of Robin Hood's followers:

All the woods

Are full of out-laws that, in Kendall green,
Follow'd the outlaw'd earl of Huntington.
Robert, Earl of Huntington, 1601.
Kendal was very early, what it still
continues, a flourishing place for the
clothing trade in general; and Fuller
gives them a kind hint upon the
subject:

I hope the townsmen thereof (a word is enough to
the wise) will make their commodities so substantiall,
that no southern town shall take an advantage, to
gain that trading away from them. I speak not this
out of the least distrust of their honesty, but the great
desire of their happiness, who, being a Cambridge-
man, out of sympathy wish well to the clothiers of
Kendall, as the first founders of our Sturbridge fair.
Worthies, vol. ii.

+KENNEL. A pack of dogs.

At that he and his companions opened their mouths altogether, and called me citizen, for it is a word of derision which that kennell doth give to those whom they esteem to be simple fellowes.

Comicall History of Francion, 1655.

+KENNEL-RAKERS. Low people. They heard behind them so great a hooping and hallowing of men and boys, and an outcry of women, that they were inforced to look back, and presently

Ovi umbilicus. The streine or kenning of the egge.
Nomenclator, 1585.

KENTAL, for quintal. An hundred weight. Quintal, French; because divided into five parts or five score.

I give this jewell to thee, richly worth
A kental, or an hundreth-waight of gold.
Blind Begg. of Alex., A 3.

KERNE. A foot soldier of the Irish troops; represented always as very poor and wild.

Now for our Irish wars;
We must supplant those rough rug-headed kerns,
Which live like venom, where no venom else,
But only they, hath privilege to live. Rich. 11, ii, 1.
The wild Oneyle with swarms of Irish kernes
Live uncontrol'd within the English pale.

Edw. II, O. Pl., ii, 350.
See the Image of Ireland, by John
Derricke, quarto.

Also the same kind of troops from other parts:

Macb., i, 2.

From the western isles
Of kerns and gallowglasses is supplied.
Also for any kind of boor, or low-
lived person:

They han fat kerns, and leany knaves,
Their fasting flocks to keep.

Spens. Eclog., July, 199. Sometimes kerne is used plurally, or as a collective name:

They came running with a terrible yell, as if heaven and earth would have gone together, which is the very image of the Irish hubub, which their kerne use at their first encounter.

Spenser, View of Irel., p. 370. Todd. They are desperate in revenge; and their kerne thinke no man dead untill his head be off.

Gainsford's Glory of Engl., p. 149. For the supposed etymologies, see Todd.

KERSEN'D. A corruption of christened;

as CURSEN'D, supra.

Pish, one goodman Cæsar, a pump-maker,

Kersen'd him. B. & Fl. Wit. at sev. Weap., iii, 1. To KERVE. To cut; the same as carve. Altered for the sake of the rhyme. [But see the second example.]

Released her that else was like to sterve,
Through cruell knife that her deare heart did kerve.
Spens. F. Q., IV, i, 4.
It is, however, nearer to the original
word, ceorfan, than carve, and was
common in older times.

+First she would sell her milk for 11d., and with this
11d., buy 12 egs, which she wold set to brood under
a hen, and she would have 12 chickons, these chykous
being growne up, she would kerve them, and by that
meanes, they should be capons; these capons would
be worth (being yong) five pence a piece; that is just
Mirrour of Mirth, by R. D., 1583

a crowne.

his shirt on his back, and not so much as shoes on his feet, who was followed by a number of the kennelrakers, who made a perpetual shout.

Comicall History of Francion, 1655.

†KENNING. The vital part of the egg.

also.

Chaunst to espy upon her yvory chest
The rosie marke, which she remember'd well
That little infant had, which forth she kest.

Spens. F. Q., VI, xii, 15.

Rock-monday, and the wake in summer, shrovings, the wakeful ketches on Christmas-eve, the hoky, or seed-cake, these he yearly keeps, yet holds them no relics of popery.

+KETHER. A term of contempt.

Mut. Hei, hei! handsom, kether! sure somebody has been rouling him in the rice; sirrah, you a spoil'd your clothes. [Offers to beat it off. Chav. Nay, what de do, faather? now to zee your ignorance, why 'tis all the fashion, man; it came over from England with the last ship came in here, there's no-body look'd upon that is not bedon zo; nay, they zay the fine ladies like it so hugeously, they powder their dogs and monkeys. Unnatural Mother, 1698. KETTLE, for kettledrum; by abbreviation.

And let the kettle to the trumpet speak,
The trumpet to the cannoneer without,
The cannons to the heav'ns, the heav'ns to earth,
Now the king drinks to Hamlet.

Haml., v, 2.

So in the former part of the same play this custom is described:

The king doth wake to-night and takes his rouse, Keeps wassel, and the swaggering upspring reels; And as he drains his draughts of Rhenish down, The kettledrum and trumpet thus bray out The triumph of his pledge. KETTLE-PINS, for skettle-pins, ninepins.

i, 4.

Billiards, kettle-pins, noddy-boards, tables, truncks, shovel-boards, fox and geese, and the like.

Shelton, Pref. to Don Quiz., cited by Todd. +KEWWAW. Askew.

The picture topsie-turvie stands kewwaw: The world turn'd upside downe, as all men know. Taylor's Workes, 1630. KEX, or KECKSIE. A dry stalk of hemlock, and sometimes of other kinds. Perhaps kecksies is only a mistaken form, instead of the plural of kex, kexes; and kex itself may have been formed from keck, something so dry that the eater would keck at it, or be unable to swallow it. It can hardly be a corruption of cigue.

And nothing teems

Hen. V, v, 2. Ray's Prov., 222. as dry as

But hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies, burs, Losing both beauty and utility. As hollow as a gun or as a ker. It is now common to say a kex." See Todd.

Cotgrave under Canon has, "Canon de suls, a kex, or elder stick; also a potgun made thereof;" he gives it too as the translation of Cigue.

It was written also kix, which is less remote from cigues:

If I had never seen, or never tasted

The goodness of this kiz, I had been a made man.
B. & Fl. Coxcomb., i, 1.

By kix, he means the empty useless
coxcomb, his companion.

Coles inconsistently renders kecks by cremium, which means bavin or dry brush wood; and kex by cicuta, hemlock. KEY-COLD. key.

Very cold, as cold as a

Poor key-cold figure of a holy king! Rich. III, i, 2.
Heav'n further it;

For till they be key-cold dead, there's no trusting
of 'em.
B. and Fl. Wildgoose Chase, iv, 3.
And then in key-cold Lucrece' bleeding stream
He falls, &c. Rape of Lucr., Suppl. to Shakesp., i, 571.
It is oddly used in Decker's Satiro-
mastix, for the disorder called a cold;
but then it is in the mouth of an in-
correct speaker:

Sir Adam, is best hide your head for fear your wise
brains take key-cold. Hawk. Orig. of Dr., iii, 223.
There was one Mr. Key that offended them [the Puri-
tans of Cambridge], and one said in a sermon, that
of all complexions the worst were such as were key-
cold.
Harr. Nuga, ii, 159, Park's ed.)

KEYSAR, KESAR, or KEISAR. Old | spelling for Cæsar, and used proverbially for an emperor; particularly in the expression Kings and Keysars, which very frequently occurs.

Thou art an emperor, Cæsar, Keisar, and Pheezar.
Merry W. W., i, 3.

And treadeth under foot her holy things,
Which was the care of Kesars and of kings.

Spens. Tears of Muses, 569. For myters, states, nor crownes may not exclude Popes, mightie kings, nor Keysars from the same. Harringt. Ariosto, xliv, 47. Tell me of no queen or Keysar. B. Jons. Tale of a Tub, ii, 2. See also George a Greene, O. Pl., iii, 49; Mirr. for Mag., p. 293. KICKSY-WICKSY, or KICKSY-WINSEY. A ludicrous word, of no definite meaning, except, perhaps, to imply restlessness; from kick, and wince, in allusion to a restive horse; applied by Parolles, in All's well that ends well, to a wife:

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