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NOTES TO VOL. III

HENRY BOYLE, brother of the Earl of Burlington, and nephew of the Dedica more famous Robert Boyle, was created Baron Carleton in Oct. 1714 tion, (see B. I.). Pope speaks of his "calm sense" in the Epilogue to the Satires (ii. 80), and Gay introduces him in Mr. Pope's Welcome from Greece (xv).

Any particular Person. See vol. i. pp. 310-11. Jeremy Collier pleads for the same general interpretation in the Preface to his Essays (2nd edit. 1697).

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A List of Subscribers follows the Dedication. It contains over four hundred names, chiefly those of noblemen or of well-to-do merchants, such as Thomas Brooke and John Hellier (of the Spectator advertisements). Among the subscribers are Sir Richard Blackmore, Eustace Budgell, William Clayton, Dr. Garth, Sir Godfrey Kneller, Sir Isaac Newton, Mr. Pearce, Dr. Shadwell, John Vanburgh, Robert Walpole, and Christopher Wren.

PAGE 3. Motto. Terence, Eunuchus, I. i.

-Advice to a Daughter, by George Savile, Marquis of Halifax, printed on pp. 1-84 of the 1700 edition of his Miscellanies. It is one of the books in Leonora's Library, ante i. p. 137 and

note,

PAGE 4. Phaedria's Request. Terence, Eunuchus, I. ii. 112-116.
PAGE 5.

PAGE 8.

Ecclesiasticus, ix. I.

Motto. Ovid, Metam. vii. 826.
-Horace, Odes, I. xiii. 1-8.

No. 170.

No. 171

In A is added "

part of which I

find Translated to my Hand."

PAGE 10. Juvenal, Sat. vi. 209.

Book xv. chaps. iii. and vii.

PAGE II. Herod and Mariamne. Josephus's Antiquities of the Jews,

-This paper and the preceding are referred to in No. 547.

PAGE 13. Motto. Cicero, De Officiis, I. xix.

PAGE 14. Omnamante. See vol. ii. p. 227.

PAGE 17.

Motto. Ovid, Metam. v. 216-7. - In a late Paper. See vol. ii. p. 289. PAGE 18. Dutch Painter. Cf. vol. ii. p. II.

PAGE 20.

- Milton's Death. Par. Lost, ii. 846. Correctly, "horrible."
Motto. Virgil, Eclog. vii. 69.

The old Roman Fable, as in Livy (Hist. II. xxxii.; Dec. I. ii.
2), Plutarch, and Annaeus Florus (I. xxiii.), but more familiar by
Shakespeare's rendering in Coriolanus (I. i.).

Carthaginian Faith, the punica fides of the Roman historians. - Landed and Trading interest. See ante, No. 69. Sir Andrew Freeport's defence of his class is that of Mr. Sealand in the Conscious Lovers (IV. i.).

No. 172.

No. 173.

No. 174.

No. 175.

No. 176.

No. 177.

No. 178.
No. 179.

No. 180.

No. 181

PAGE 24.

Motto. Ovid, Remedia Amoris, 625.

PAGE 27. In a late Speculation. Vol. ii. pp. 135-7.
PAGE 28.

Button-makers. This is a reference to a statute of 1709, in the interests of " the many thousands of men, women, and children," who depended "upon the making of silk, mohair, gimp, and thread buttons and button-holes with the needle." As early as 1609 they had petitioned against “ the making and binding buttonholes with cloth, serge, etc."

PAGE 28. Motto. Lucretius, De Rerum Nat. iv. 1155.

PAGE 31. Harington's Oceana, which appeared in 1656, was edited in 1700, with Harington's other works, by John Toland (referred to in ii. p. 339).

PAGE 32.

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Motto. Juvenal, Sat. xv. 140-2.

One of my last Week's Papers. See vol. ii. No. 169.
Milkiness of Blood.

"Would I could share thy balmy, even temper,

And milkiness of blood."-Dryden's Cleomenes, I. i. 119-120.

PAGE 35. See Sir Thomas Browne's Religio Medici, Part II. § xiii. What I spent, etc. Percy refers to an epitaph which was to be found in St. George's Church, Doncaster, thus :

"How now, who is heare?

I, Robin of Doncastere,
And Margaret my feare.
That I spent, that I had:
That I gave, that I have:
That I left, that I lost."

See also Camden's Remaines (1674), p. 519.
Motto. Horace, Epist. II. ii. 133.
PAGE 40. Motto. Horace, Ars Poet. 341-4.

PAGE 37.

This reference to the variety of subjects discussed in the Spectator recalls, by way of contrast, Boswell's plaint about the slow success of the Rambler, because of the " uniformity in its texture" (ed. Birkbeck Hill, i. 208).

PAGE 41. Passage in Waller. From his verses "Upon the Earl of
Roscommon's Translation of Horace," ll. 41-2, correctly thus :-

"Poets lose half the praise they should have got,
Could it be known what they discreetly blot."

PAGE 42. Pickled-Herring. See vol. i. p. 335.

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Children-in-the-Wood. See vol. ii. p. 324.
PAGE 44. Motto. Horace, Epist. I. ii. 14.

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Philarithmus, the writer of the letter, was said to be Henry Martyn, who, among others, is thanked by Steele, in No. 555, for contributions to the Spectator. See also Cottilus, vol. ii. p. 336. Further ingenuity has discovered in him the model, or one of the models, of Sir Andrew Freeport.

Louis XIV., the "hardened Sinner," is the subject of an
earlier attack in the Spectator. See No. 139 (vol. ii. p. 205).
PAGE 47. The anecdotes will be found in Plutarch's Life of Pyrrhus.
PAGE 48. Motto. Virgil, Æn. ii. 145.
PAGE 49. Illustrated this kind, etc.

See Nos. 120, 121.

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PAGE 50. Freher. Addison got his material from Bayle's Dictionary, No. 181 art. Eginhart.' The story of Eginhart is there transcribed from the Chronicon Laurishamensis Coenobii, as printed by the Heidelberg lawyer, Marquard Freher, in the first volume of his Rerum Ger manicarum Scriptores (1600). Bayle introduces the story with the reflection that it deserves the attention of authors, and especially of such a story-teller as La Fontaine.

-Among the advertisements at the end of this number (A) is the following, which illustrates No. 191 :-"At Sam's Coffee-house in Ludgate-street, during the Time of drawing the Million and Half Lottery, will be kept a most correct Numerical Table (tho' not examin'd by a celebrated Mathematician, as is lately set forth by some ignorant Upstarts, to give Credit to their Undertaking) where all Persons may know whether their Tickets are Benefits or Blanks, every half hour, paying for every Benefit 2s. 6d. and, if a Blank, nothing." In subsequent numbers there are rival advertisements by the Cross Keys and Bible in Cornhill (under the charge of Andrew Bell, Printer to the Hon. Commissioners of the Lottery), Jack's in Birchin-Lane, the Turk's Head in IronmongerLane, the Guildhall, the Rainbow, the British, and others. PAGE 52. Motto. Juvenal, Sat. vi. 181.

PAGE 55. Motto. Hesiod, Theogonia, 11. 27-8.

-Jothram's Jotham's] Fable. Judges ix. 8, etc.
Nathan's Fable. 2 Samuel xii. I, etc.

- Fable of the Belly, ante, No. 174, note.

Boileau. "This is somewhat curious, considering that Boileau did not include the Fable in his Art Poétique (Chant II.) and considering too that there are so few fables in his works. Perhaps Addison was thinking of the fable at the end of Epistle II., which, however, is mediocre and not to be compared with the chef d'œuvre of La Fontaine on the same subject" (Note sent by Mr. D. Nichol Smith).

PAGE 56. As for the Odissey. Cf. Le Bossu, I. xii.

"Ce que

l'Iliade et l'Odyssée ont de commun, c'est que l'une et l'autre
est une instruction morale, déguisée sous les allégories d'une
Action. C'est ce qu' Horace y reconnoît; et par conséquent l'une
et l'autre, au sentiment de ce Critique, est une Fable, telle que
nous l'avons proposée." Cf. also Bk. iv., Des Mœurs.

Invented by Prodicus, etc. Xenophon's Memorabilia, ii. The Dutch issue of the Journal des Sçavans of Nov. 1712 contained a paper by Lord Shaftesbury on the Judgment of Hercules, afterwards published in English in the posthumous edition of his works. Plato's account will be found in the Phaedo, § 10.

No. 182.
No. 183.

PAGE 59. Motto. Horace, Ars Poet. 360. Cf. No. 124 ('Rests No. 184, and Nodding-places'): also Quintilian, X. i.

The subject of the advertisement was one Nicholas Hart (see B. I.) and his Historiographer' (p. 60) was William Hill, sen., of Lincoln's Inn (see B. I.).

PAGE 61. Lines 3, 4. Probably a reference to the session of Parliament at this time.

Juvenal, Sat. i. 55, etc.

PAGE 62. Motto. Virgil, En. i. 15.

No. 185.

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No. 185, PAGE 63.

No. 186. PAGE 66.
PAGE 69.

Ovid, Metam. vii. 20-1.

Motto. Horace, Odes, I. iii. 38.

Pythagoras's first rule is the motto of No. 112.
-A Cock to Esculapius, from the Phaedo, Ixvi.
-Xenophon tells us. Cyropadia, viii. 7.

No. 187, PAGE 69. Motto. Horace, Odes, I. v. 12-13.

No. 188.

PAGE 70. Scrutore, or scrutoire, the older (17th cent.) aphetic form of escritoire

PAGE 73. Mr. Sly. See B. I.

-Motto. Adapted from Cicero, Epist. ad Fam., XV. vi. 1: "Laetus sum laudari me, inquit Hector, opinor apud Naevium, abs te, pater, a laudato viro. See also V. xii. 7. -The Satyrist. Persius, Sat. iv. 51-2.

PAGE 74.

"Tollat sua munera cerdo: Tecum habita."

The Lacedæmonians. See Plutarch's Life of Lycurgus. PAGE 75. Equally the objects of ridicule. Cf. The Guardian, No 4 (March 16, 1713), in which Pope comments severely on prostitution of praise."

"this

-Bulfinch, in Brome's Northern Lasse (1632), again referred to in No. 468.

-Phocion. See Plutarch's Life. Cf. Bacon, Apophthegms, 291. "Has any foolish thing dropped from me unawares ?"

No. 189. PAGE 76. Motto. Virgil, Æn. ix. 294; x. 824.

PAGE 77. Sir Sampson Legend, the heavy father in Congreve's comedy
Love for Love.

PAGE 78. Crudelis, etc. Virgil, Eclog. viii. 48-50.

-Subject of my Paper.

PAGE 79. Father le Conte.

Ante, No. 181.

See Part II., Letter I., of the Present State of China, an English translation of his work which was published in London in 1697.

-Herodotus, I. cxxxvii.

No. 190, PAGE 79. Motto. Horace, Odes, II. viii. 18.

On the subject of this paper cf. The Guardian, No. 105, by Addison.

PAGE 82.

The greatest politicians of the age. A supposed reference to Secretary St. John, afterwards Lord Bolingbroke.

No, 191, PAGE 83. Motto. Homer, Iliad, ii. 6.

-Mahomet's Burying Place. Addison again makes use of
Bayle. See article Mahomet.'

PAGE 84. A Tacker-Number 134. In 1704 a Bill was introduced
into the House of Commons against occasional conformity, and,
that it might the more surely pass the Lords, was tacked to a
Money Bill. A large majority, however, opposed this procedure,
and the Bill was thrown out. The minority numbered 134.
-Acted = actuated. Cf. No. 287 (first paragraph).
-Lottery. See note to No. 181.

PAGE 86. Disburse, reimburse.

No, 192, PAGE 87. Motto. Terence, Andria, I. i. 69-71.

PAGE 89. The Cornelii. Identified by some with Francis Eyles, director of the East India Company, and afterwards created

No. 193.

baronet; his son, Sir John, Lord Mayor of London in 1727; and No. 192. his other son, Sir Joseph, Sheriff of London in 1725. PAGE 91. Motto. Virgil, Georgics, ii. 461-2. PAGE 92. Difference in the Military and Civil List. The Duke of Marlborough had the reputation of receiving en déshabillé. Steele may also hint at the Tory ministers Oxford and Ormond, the former the 'close' minister, the latter an open-breasted'

officer.

PAGE 93. Line 2. A and the 1712-3 edit. read Beauteous,' which is probably a misprint.

PAGE 94.

PAGE 95.

The Satyrist says. Juvenal, Sat. viii. 73.

"Rarus enim ferme sensus communis in illa

Fortuna."

Motto. Horace, Odes, I. xiii. 4. See also p. 8 of this No. 194. volume. Previous editors have found in the first letter a direct reference by Steele to his relations with his wife 'Dear Prue.' PAGE 98. Motto. Hesiod, Works and Days, ll. 40-1.

- Arabian Nights. See the "History of the Greek King and Douban, the Physician," in the tale of the Fisherman. PAGE 99. Diogenes. Diogenes Laertius, Vitae Philosophorum, VI. ii. 6.

Sir William Temple's axiom is his own.

66

All excess is to be avoided, especially in the common use of wine: whereof the first Glass may pass for Health, the second for good Humour, the third for our Friends: but the fourth is for our Enemies" (Essays, 'Of Health and Long Life,' vol. ii. p. 428, ed. 1754). PAGE IOI. Ancient Authors. Diogenes Laertius (Life of Socrates); Ælian, Var. Hist. xiii. 27.

Luigi Cornaro's Trattato de la vita sobria appeared at Padua in 1558, and was the first of the Discorsi della vita sobria (Milan, 1627). Cornaro's Treatise of Temperance and Sobrietie, translated by Master George Herbert (the poet), had appeared in 1634. The English version incorrectly referred to by Addison is Sure and certain Methods of attaining a long and healthful Life... made English by W. Jones. 2nd edit. London, 1704. It is advertised in No. 196 (A). Many re-issues followed from the London and provincial presses: the 55th appeared at Leeds in 1832. PAGE 102. Motto. Horace, Epist. I. xi. 30.

PAGE 104. The 'Young Woman' at Hackney refers to the petition of

Benjamin Easie in No. 134.

PAGE 105. Motto. Horace, Epist. I. xviii. 15-20.

PAGE 107. Hudibras, I. i. 69-70 ('Change hands').

No, 195,

No. 196.

No. 197.

PAGE IIO. Motto. Horace, Odes, IV. iv. 50-3. The original reads No. 198, Cervi, which Addison alters for his present purpose.

Visitant to her Bed-side. See note, vol.

P. 334.

Queen Emma, mother of Edward Confessor. Addison prob-
ably refreshed his memory by the perusal of Bayle's Dictionary,
in which the tale is given. See article 'Emma.'

Chamont, a young soldier of fortune in Otway's tragedy of
The Orphan. The lines are in Act ii.

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