Asherah: Goddesses in Ugarit, Israel and the Old TestamentA comprehensive discussion of texts concerning the goddess Asherah, as she is portrayed in texts from Ugarit (both epic and ritual texts, as well as the lists of sacrifices), Israel (the Khirbet el-Qom and Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions) and the Old Testament. The main theses of the book are that two or more divinities carrying the same name but separated by several hundred years are not necessarily to be identified; that Asherah is probably not a name, but rather a title, carried by the main goddess in ancient Syria-Palestine; that the Asherah of the Old Testament and the Israelite texts was indeed the consort of Yahweh; and that the relationship between the text-groups discussed is of a nature that demands great caution, if one wishes to work comparatively with them. |
Contents
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Chapter 3 THE SOURCE MATERIAL | 25 |
Chapter 4 ASHERAH IN UGARIT | 42 |
Chapter 5 ASHERAH IN ISRAEL | 94 |
Chapter 6 ASHERAH IN THE OLD TESTAMENT | 110 |
Chapter 7 ASHERAH IN UGARIT ISRAEL AND THE OLD TESTAMENT | 142 |
Appendix 1 LISTS OF SACRIFICES FROM UGARIT | 149 |
Appendix 2 INSCRIPTIONS FROM ISRAEL | 164 |
Bibliography | 176 |
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Common terms and phrases
Akkadian Amurru Anat ašerah Astarte Autograph b'lm Baal Baal and Anat Baal-texts bless bn atrt brkt Bronze Age Canaanite connection consort context creatress CTA and KTU cult cultic culture dealing definite article Deuteronomists Dever discussion divine name Elah functions Garbini gdlt Ginsberg also CTA goddess gods Hadley Hebrew text holy inscription interpretation Israelite Khirbet el-Qom king ktbh Kuntillet Ajrud lacuna Lady Asherah Lemaire Lemche letters lists of sacrifices look lyhwh Margalit mentioned Meshel Naveh Old Testament Otzen parallel passage pithoi possible Preposition problem qdš qedešim Qudšu Raurell rbt atrt ym reconstruct reference ryhw Samaria scholars seems seen Septuagint šlm šmrn sons of Asherah špš šrt šrth suffix tablets temple of Jerusalem theophoric theophoric names Tigay Tigay's tree Ugaritic texts Uryahu verb verse wbnh wl'šrth word wyhy Yahweh Yahwistic yhwh Zevit