Plant Polyphenols: Synthesis, Properties, SignificanceRichard W. Hemingway, Peter E. Laks This book was developed from the proceedings of the 2nd North American Tan nin Conference held in Houghton, Michigan, June, 1991. The objective of this con ference was to bring together people with a common interest in plant polyphenols and to promote interdisciplinary interactions that will lead to a bet ter understand ing of the importance of these substances. Another objective of this conference was to extend the 'tannin family' by making special efforts to encourage participation by scientists outside the United States, obtain more coverage of the hydrolyzable tannins, and further broaden the scope of coverage from the initial concentration on forestry and forest products. Com parison of the contents of this book with 'Chemistry and Significance of Condensed Tannins' that resulted from the proceedings of the 1st North American Tannin Conference shows the degree that these objectives were met. In developing the second conference, care was taken to assure that this book extends rather than duplicates the coverage of the first conference. Therefore, the two books should be taken together to obtain an up to date coverage of the broad area of chemistry and significance of plant polyphenols. Our thanks go to the authors who so kindly contributed chapters and so pa tiently responded to our requests. We thank the Conference Assistance Staff of Michigan Technological University for their help in planning and conducting the conference. |
Contents
3 | |
43 | |
Biosynthesis of Flavonoids | 61 |
Stereoselectivity in Polyphenol Biosynthesis | 73 |
Cellular Changes that Promote Tannin Formation in Slash Pine | 97 |
a Model System for Modification | 111 |
Stereoselective Oxygenation of Flavan3ols 4Arylflavan3ols | 133 |
Enantioselective Synthesis of Flavonoids | 143 |
Sequential Extraction of Condensed Tannins from Pine Litter | 597 |
Antimicrobial Activity of Polyphenols Mediates | 621 |
A Perspective on Classical Theories | 639 |
Polyphenols and the Distribution of Arboreal Folivorous Marsupials | 653 |
Toxicity of Tannic Compounds to Microorganisms | 673 |
Antinutritional Effects of Condensed and Hydrolyzable Tannins | 693 |
Polyphenols from Bulgarian Medicinal Plants with AntiInfectious Activity | 717 |
Proanthocyanidins and Biogenetically Related | 729 |
Gallic Acid and its Metabolites | 169 |
Oligomeric Hydrolyzable Tannins from Liquidambar formosa and Spectral | 195 |
a Novel Hydrolyzable Tannin Isolated from | 209 |
Study on the Composition and Structure of Commercial | 221 |
Structure and Chemical Properties of the Condensed Tannins | 245 |
Quantitative Methods for the Estimation of Tannins | 259 |
Structure of Procyanidin Oligomers Isolated from Grape Seeds | 281 |
CH Hetcor NMR Studies of Proanthocyanidins and their Derivatives | 321 |
Solid State 13C NMR Studies on Condensed Tannins | 339 |
Oxidation and Rearrangement Reactions of Condensed Tannins | 349 |
The Nature of NonProanthocyanidin Units in Condensed Tannins | 385 |
Phlobaphene Precursors in Douglasfir Outer Bark | 411 |
Complexation of Condensed Tannins with Metal Ions | 421 |
Complexation between Polyphenols and Aluminum Salts | 437 |
Fluorescence of Oligomers that Contain Catechin or Epicatechin | 447 |
MNDO and AM1 Molecular Orbital and Molecular Mechanics Analyses | 459 |
Conformational Analysis of Profisetinidin Dimers | 479 |
Conformational Analysis of 4Arylflavan3ols as Models for CRing | 487 |
Conformations of Proanthocyanidins | 501 |
Plant Phenolics as Expressions of Biological Diversity | 523 |
Pharmacologically Active Tannins Isolated from Medicinal Plants | 539 |
Chemistry Biological Significance and Genetic Control | 571 |
Widespread Tannin Intake via Stimulants and Masticatories | 739 |
Ancient Knowledge of Materials | 767 |
AntitumorPromoting Activities of Tannic Acid Ellagic Acid and Several | 783 |
A Potent Modulator of Alveolar Macrophage | 803 |
The Effect of Polyphenols | 827 |
Proanthocyanidins the Brewing Process and the Quality of Beer | 849 |
Tannins and the Qualities of Wines | 859 |
Utilization of Tannins in Indonesia | 881 |
Phenolic Constituents of Rapeseed | 895 |
Their Role in the Prevention | 915 |
Tannins in Woods and their Contribution to Microbial Decay Prevention | 935 |
Preparation and Performance of TanninBased Flocculants | 953 |
Spruce Tannins in Specialty Applications | 967 |
Chemistry of Pecan Tannins and Analysis of Cure of Pecan TanninBased | 979 |
Tannin Structure and the Formulation of TanninBased Wood Adhesives | 991 |
Industrial Problems | 1005 |
Use of Tannin from Chestnut Castanea vesca | 1013 |
Leather Manufacture with Wattle Tannins | 1021 |
CONCLUSIONS | 1030 |
1039 | |
1045 | |
Other editions - View all
Plant Polyphenols: Synthesis, Properties, Significance Richard W. Hemingway,Peter E. Laks No preview available - 1992 |
Plant Polyphenols: Synthesis, Properties, Significance Richard W. Hemingway,Peter E. Laks No preview available - 2013 |
Common terms and phrases
¹H-NMR A-conformer A-ring acetate activity adhesive Agric anthocyanidins aromatic astringency B-ring bark Biochem biosynthesis bond catechin cells chalcone Chem chemical shifts chemistry color complex compounds condensed tannins conformation cotton cyanidin derivatives dimers effects ellagitannins enzymes epicatechin esters Ferreira Figure flavan-3-ols flavanols flavonoids formation fraction gallic acid gallotannins galloyl grape Haslam Hatano heartwood Hemingway and P.E. herbivores hydrolyzable tannins hydroxyl inhibition insect interactions isolated leaf leather lignin macrophages metabolism metabolites methanol method methyl molecular weight molecules monomer OH HO OH OH OH OH Okuda oligomeric oligomers oxidation oxygen pathway percent Perkin Trans Pharm phenolic phloroglucinol Phytochemistry Plant Polyphenols Plenum Press polymeric polymers polyphenols proanthocyanidins procyanidins profisetinidins protein protons pyran rapeseed reaction ring Roux seed soluble solvent species spectra stereochemistry Steynberg structure studies synthesis tannin concentrations tannin extracts tanning tissue trimers units vescalagin wine wood он он