Nematodes as Biocontrol AgentsParwinder S. Grewal, Ralf-Udo Ehlers, David I. Shapiro-Ilan This book documents and illustrates major developments in the use of nematodes for the biological control of insects and slugs. It covers the use of three main types of nematodes: entomopathogenic nematodes, entomophilic nematodes and slug-parasitic nematodes. The biology, commercial production, formulation and quality control, application technology, strategy and safety of each of these three nematode groups is discussed. The book also examines the application of nematodes in different cropping systems, and the efficacy of nematodes against specific pests. The potential of predatory nematodes to control plant-parasitic nematodes and mycophagous nematodes to control fungal pathogens is also reviewed. |
Contents
| 3 | |
Entomopathogenic Nematodes | 45 |
Biology and Behaviour | 47 |
Mass Production | 65 |
Formulation and Quality | 79 |
Application Technology | 91 |
Forum on Safety and Regulation | 107 |
Lawn Turfgrass and Pasture Applications | 115 |
A Systems Approach to Conservation of Nematodes | 331 |
Interactions with Plantparasitic Nematodes | 349 |
Compatibility and Interactions with Agrochemicals and Other Biocontrol Agents | 363 |
Entomophilic Nematodes | 383 |
Application of Beddingia siricidicola for Sirex Wood wasp Control | 385 |
The Entomophilic Thripinema | 401 |
Mermithid Nematodes | 411 |
SlugParasitic Nematodes | 419 |
Glasshouse Applications | 147 |
Nursery and Tree Application | 167 |
Mushroom Applications | 191 |
Orchard Applications | 215 |
Soft Fruit Applications | 231 |
Vegetable and Tuber Crop Applications | 255 |
Cereal Fibre Oilseed and Medicinal Crop Applications | 265 |
Forestry Applications | 281 |
Applications for the Control of Pests of Humans and Animals | 295 |
Applications for Social Insect Control | 317 |
Biology Production and Formulation of Slugparasitic Nematodes | 421 |
Application of Slugparasitic Nematodes | 431 |
Predatory Nematodes | 445 |
Potential of Predatory Nematodes to Control Plantparasitic Nematodes | 447 |
Fungalfeeding Nematodes | 465 |
Potential of Fungalfeeding Nematodes for the Control of Soilborne Plant Pathogens | 467 |
Conclusions and Future Directions | 477 |
Critical Issues and Research Needs for Expanding the Use of Nematodes in Biocontrol | 479 |
Common terms and phrases
abietis adults Akhurst bacteria bacteriophora beetle biocontrol agents Biocontrol Science Biological Control black vine weevil borer chemical Coleoptera compost control agents cranberry crops culture Curculionidae damage Diptera Economic Entomology effective efficacy eggs Ehlers entomo entomopatho entomopathogenic nematodes entomopathogenic nematodes EPNs Environmental EPNs feeding females field foliar formulation fungus gnats Gaugler genic nematodes Georgis glaseri hermaphrodita Heterorhabditidae Heterorhabditis spp host inoculation insect insecticides instar Invertebrate Pathology Journal of Economic Journal of Invertebrate Journal of Nematology Kaya Koppenhöfer and Fuzy laboratory larvae Lepidoptera megidis mortality mushroom nema nematode application nematode species Nematology parasitic pathogenic nematodes Photorhabdus plant plant-parasitic nematodes Poinar populations potential predators production Rhabditida riobrave root weevil Rovesti and Deseö scarabaei Scarabaeidae sciarid Shapiro-Ilan sirex slugs soil spray stages Steinernema Steinernema carpocapsae Steinernema feltiae Steinernematidae strain studies sulcatus susceptible temperature termites tested thrips tion todes Tomalak turfgrass white grubs Xenorhabdus