The Rule of Metaphor: The Creation of Meaning in Language

analogy Aristotle Aristotle's ation attribution belongs Benveniste called catachresis changes of meaning character concept concerns connotation constitutes context copula defined definition of metaphor degree zero denotation difference distinction domain Émile Benveniste epiphora expression figure Fontanier genus Gérard Genette Guern Heidegger hermeneutics I.A. Richards ibid iconic idea imitation interpretation Jakobson language lexeme lexical lexis linguistic linked literal logical Max Black meta metaphorical statement Metaphysics metonymy mimêsis muthos notion noun object ontological operation ousia philosophy phor poem poetic discourse poetry polysemy postulate predicative problem proper question reality reduction of deviation reference referential function relation relationship resemblance rhetoric Rhétorique générale Roman Jakobson semantic impertinence semes semic semiotic sense sense and reference sentence signified simile speak species speculative discourse speech structure Study symbol synecdoche syntagmatic takes tension theory of metaphor things thought tion trait tropes tropology Ullmann unity usage verb verbal word