ed in favor of neither Gibbes nor Broughton, though the former acted as governor meanwhile. Charles Craven was soon appointed to take the place of Gibbes; and thus ended all this mighty noise and smoke. Such, generally, is the result of hot-headed quarrels.

In 1719, South Carolina ceased to be governed by the proprietors, and became a royal province, subject, like Massachusetts and most of the other colonies, only to the king, through the governor, by him appointed. Carolina was divided into Northern and Southern, about the same time. This revolution was effected by the people, taking their own cause into their own hands. They had long been dissatisfied with their form of government, but their dislike broke out particularly against Governor Johnson and his council.

Towards the close of the year just named, Johnson received intelligence that a general resolution prevailed in the province for a change of government. This perplexed and harassed him very much; but his council advised him to take no notice of it. They seemed to imagine it would soon blow over, or might be easily suppressed. But the event proved otherwise. The people were resolved to be no longer oppressed; and their representatives, the provincial assembly, were warm with the same spirit.

Having assured themselves of the support of the people, the assembly met at the usual season. But, fearing that the governor would at once dissolve their meeting, they passed resolutions immediately,

that the proprietors had forfeited their rights of government. The governor and council now sent word, that they were ready to meet the assembly as usual. The latter, accordingly, came to the "upper house" in a body; and Arthur Middleton addressed the governor without ceremony, in a very plain speech, not to be mistaken. "I am ordered by the assembly," said he in conclusion, "to inform you that, though they own your honor as governor, because you have been appointed by the king, they disown the council as a council, and will not act with them on any account.'

The governor and council were struck dumb with astonishment. The worst of it was, that, an invasion of the Spaniards from Florida being then expected, money must needs be raised for arming against them. This could be done only by a vote of the assembly. They could not, therefore, be dissolved; nor did the governor dare to use force. After some consultation with his council, he sent a message to the assembly, desiring a conference with them. They replied, that " they could hear nothing and receive nothing from his honor, so long as he acted with the people whom he was pleased to call his council."

Finding that nothing could be done with the assembly, he issued a proclamation for dissolving their meeting. They ordered the proclamation to be torn from the marshal's hand, when he came among them. They then met upon their own authority,

and chose James Moore for their governor, and also appointed a day for proclaiming him in the name of the king. This was the very day which Johnson had previously appointed for a general review of the militia. The latter now sent to Parris, commander of the militia, to postpone the review to another day.

Parris was a stanch friend to the cause of the people; but, to keep matters quiet, he sent Johnson an answer, which satisfied him and hushed all suspicion. On the appointed day, however, as Johnson was riding through the town, he found, much to his surprise, the militia drawn up in the marketsquare (now the site of the national bank), colors flying on the forts, and from every mast in the harbor, and great preparations every where making for the appointed proclamation of Moore.

The governor was so exasperated as nearly to lose the command of his temper. He reasoned with some of the populace, and threatened to chastise others. As to Parris, he asked him "how he dared to appear in arms, contrary to his orders," and commanded him, in the king's name, instantly to disperse the militia. But Parris understood his duty differently, and coolly replied, "that he was obeying the orders of the convention." The governor now stepped towards him in great rage. Parris commanded the militia to present their muskets at him, and ordered him "to stand off at his peril."

The governor had expected, during this struggle, that his personal friends, and especially his council, and other subordinate officers, would support him; but not a man of them showed his head. He was compelled to retreat, therefore, in confusion. The members of the assembly soon after marched, in solemn procession, to the fort, escorted by the whole militia of the colony, with colors flying, drums beating, and all possible demonstrations of joy. Moore was proclaimed governor, in the name of the king, and amidst the loud and long acclamations of the populace. The assembly now proceeded to choose a council and other officers, assess taxes, and vote money for the defence of the province. The king afterwards sanctioned their doings, and declared the rights of the proprietors to be forfeited. Such was the spirited and important revolution of 1719.

South Carolina, at this time, might be said to be in its infancy. St. Stephen's was the frontier of the province; and there, and at some other places along the coast, about the same distance from Charleston, were a few forts and small settlements. The whites rarely ventured fifty miles into the back country, for fear of the savages.

Even Charleston was not safe from them. A large part of it was fortified, both on the land and water side. All that lay north and south of Broad street, and west of Meeting street, was either a forest, or laid out in farms, gardens, orange-groves,

or orchards, with here and there a straggling house. Furs, lumber, and a little rice, were the only exports of the province. The latter article, since become so important a staple, was introduced by mere accident. A ship from Madagascar, bound for London, happening to touch at the bar below Charleston, the governor paid the captain a visit, and the latter presented him with a few quarts of seed-rice as a curiosity. This was planted, and thus the cultivation of rice was begun in the colony.

CHAPTER XVI.

Indian War of 1715, in South Carolina. The Yamassees and other Indians incited against the English by the Spaniards. Anecdotes of them. Carelessness on the Part of the Whites. Particulars of the Massacre, and the War which followed. The Indians are at last conquered. The victorious English troops march into Charleston in Triumph.

I HOPE my young friends are not yet tired of Indian wars; for I have to give them some account of several others. They make up but too large a part of the early history of all this country. The Tuskaroras were subdued, you will recollect, in 1713, six years before the revolution I have just described. The Tuskarora war was in North Carolina; and that province was never afterwards troubled with a war so terrible. But their breth