for, fays he, Khadur wishes me to act contrar to my wishes, and oppose you. On this difcovery, Gholam Khadur marched out with his Mo guis, croffed the Jumpa, and encamped on the other lide opposite the fort of Delli. He fent to the king the intercepted letter, and asked him if his conduct did not deferve to be punished by the hofs of his throne?-He began to befiege the fort, and carried it in a few days. He entered the palace in arms; flew to the king's chamber; infuited the old man in the molt barbarous manner: knocked him down; and, kneeling on his breast, with his knife took out one of his eyes, and he ordered a fervant of the king's to take out the other. After this he gave up the palace to pillage, and went to the king's zazana (the refidence of his women); where he infulted the ladies, and tore their jewels from their notes and ears, and off their arms and legs. As he had lived with the king, he was well acquainted with the different places where the king's treasures were hid; he dug up the floor of the king's own bed-room, and found there two chefts, containing in fpecie 120,000 gold mohurs, or L. 192,000 fterling; which he took, and vaft fums niore. To get at the hidden jewels of the women, he practifed one of the moft villainous fchemes that ever was thought of. The third day after these horrid cruelties, he ordered that all the king's ladies daughters fhould come and pay their refpects to him, and promised to fet thofe free who could please him by their appearance and drets. The innocent, unfufpicious women, brought out their jewels, and adorned themfelves in their richest attires to picafe this favage. Gholam Khadur commanded them to be conveyed into a hail, where he had prepared common dreffes for them; thefe dreffes he made them put on by the afliftance of eunuchs; and taking poffeflion of their rich dreffes and jewels, fent the women home to the palace to lament their lofs and curfe his treachery. Gholam Khadur did not even stop here; but infulted the princes, by making them dance and fing. The most beautiful of the king's daughters, Mobaruck ul Moulk, was brought to this tyrant to gratify his luft: but the refifted, and is faid to have ftabbed herself to avoid force.` Scindia foon after this came to the affittance of the king, or rather to make him his prey. Gholam Khadur fled and took refuge in the fort of Agra, a large city about 150 miles from Dehli. Scindia's troops befieged him there. Perceiving at last that he must be taken if he continued in the fort, he took the advantage of a dark night, ituffed his faddle with a large stock of precious ftones, took a few followers, and fied from the fort to wards Perfia. Unluckily for him, he fell off his horse the second uight after his flight; and thus a party of horse which had been fent in pursuit of him came up with him, and took him prifoner. He was brought to Scindia, who, after expofing him for fome time in irons, in a cage, ordered his ears, nofe, hands, and feet, to be cut off, and his eyes taken out; in which ftate he was allowed to expire. Scindia rewarded himself by feizing upon the kingdom which he came to guard: And all that now belongs to Shah Allum, the nominal emperor, is the city of Dehli, with

of Indoftan. Neither was he able, though a brave and warlike prince, to extend his dominions, though he tranfinitted them to his fon ULUG BEG. He proved a wife and learned monarch; and is famous for the aftronomical tables which he caufed to be compofed. See ARTRONOMY, Index. He was killed in 1448 by his fon Abdollatif, who fix months after was put to death by his own foldiers. After the death of Abdollah, a grandson of Shah Rukh, feized the throne; but, after reigning one year, was expelled by Abutaid Mirza, the grandfon of Miran Shah the fon of Timur. His reign was one continued scene of wars and tumults; till at laft he was defeated and taken prifoner by one Haffan Beg, who put him to death in 1468. From this time we may confider the empire of Timur as diffolved, though his defcendants ftill reigned in Perfia and Indoftan, the latter of which is ftill called the MOGUL'S EMPIRE. On the death of the above mentioned monarch, his fon Babor fucceeded him, but was, foon driven out by the Uibeck Tartars; after which he refided fome time in Gazna, when he made incurfions into Hindoftan, and at length became master of the whole empire, excepting the kingdoms of Dekan, Guzerat, and Bengal.-For the tranfactions fubfequent to this period, fee HINDOSTAN and INDIA. What remains to be fupplied here is an account of the revolution that lately happened at Delhi the capital of the Mogul empire. Gholam Kahdur, author of the revolution, was the fon of Zabda Khan. His father difinherited him, and drove him from his prefence on account of his vices and crimes. Shah Allum, the king of Dehli, took him under his protection, treated him as his own fon, and conferred on him the first title in the kingdom, Amere ul Omraow. He lived with the king, and raised a body of about 8000 troops of his own countrymen the Moguls, which he commanded. Gholam Khadur was of a paffionate temper, haughty, cruel, ungrateful, and debauched. In the end of 1788, the king had formed fufpicions that fome of the neighbouring princes would attempt to plunder his territories. Thefe fufpicions were verified by the approach of a confiderable army towards his capital, commanded by lunael Beg Khan, and afif ted by Scindia. Gholam Khadur told the king on this, that he had nothing to fear; for that he had an army fufficiently strong to oppofe the ene my: that all the king had to do was to march out with his troops, give them a fupply of cash, and he would lay his head on the enemy's being overcome. The king on this replied, that he had no money to carry on a contest. Gholam Khadur said, that this objection would foon be obviated, as he (Gholam Khadur) would advance the neceffary fupply of cash, and that all his majesty had to do was to head the army. “This (faid he will animate them and give them confidence; the prefence of a monarch is above half the battle." The king agreed in appearance, and requested Gholam Khadur to affemble the army, pay their arrears, and inform them of his intentions. Gholam Khadur retired contented; but great was his aftonishment, when next day he intercepted a letter from the king to Scindia, defiring him to make as much hafte as poffible, and destroy Gholam Khadur;

a fmall district around it, where, deprived of fight, he remains an empty fhadow of royalty; au inftance of the inftability of human greatness, and of the precarious state of despotic govern

ments.

MOGWITZ, a town of Silefia, in Neiffe. MOGYESZO, a town of Hungary, 12 miles W. et Tokay.

MOHACS, a town of Hungary, on the Danube: famous for a battle fought in 1526, between the Hungarians under Lewis, the laft king of Hungary, and the Turks under Soliman II; wherein the former were defeated with the lofs of 22,000 men, and Lewis, falling from his horfe during the rout, was fuffocated in a muddy brock. Another battle was fought near it, in 1687, between the Turks under the grand vizier, and the Chriftians under Pr. Charles of Loraine, wherein the Turks were defeated with the lofs of 10,000 men, and all their cannon and baggage. It lies 36 miles NW. of Bacs, and 56 W. of Zegedin. (1.) * MOHAIR. n. f. [mobere, moire, French.] Thread or ftuff made of camels or other hair.—

She when the fees her friend in deep despair, Obferves how much a chintz exceeds mobair.

Pope. (2.) MOHAIR, in commerce, is the hair of a kind of goat frequent about Angria in Turkey; the inhabitants of which city are all employed in the manufacture of camblets made of this hair. Some give the name mobair to the camblets or ftuffs made of this hair: of thefe there are two kinds: the one fmooth and plain, the other watered like tabbies. The difference between the two only confifts in this, that the latter is calendered, the other not. There are alfo mohairs both plain and watered, whole woof is of wool, cotton, or thread.

MOHAIR SHELL, in conchyliology a peculiar fpecies of voluta, which feems of a closely and finely reticulated texture, and resembles on the furtace a piece of mohair or very close filk-worm's web. MOHAMMED. See MAHOMET. MOHAMMEDAN, or MAHOMETAN, adj. Of or belonging to Mahomet, or his system of superftition.

MOHAMMEDANS. SEE MAHOMETANS. MOHATZ, a town of Lower Hungary, in Baraniwar, at the confluence of the Danube and the Coraffe, 17 miles NW. of Effeck: perhaps the fame with MOHACS. Lon. 19. 56. E. Lat. 45. 36. N.

(1.) MOHAWK, a river of New York, which Files N. of Fort Stanwix, 8 miles from Sable river, ruus S. 20 miles to the Fort; then E. 110 mues, and after receiving many ftreams, fails into the Hudfon, by 3 mouths, oppofite to Lanfinburgh and Troy, about 9 miles N. of Albany. At the Cobocz, 3 miles above thefe mouths, it is 1000 feet broad, and falls over a rock of equal breadth, about 40 feet perpendicular in height. A mile below this it has a fine bridge, built in 1795; 1000 feet long; 24 broad, and 15 high above the river, fupported by 13 ftone pillars.

(2.) MOHAWK, a branch, or rather head water of the Delaware, which rifes from lake Utta

yantha, runs 45 miles SW, and thence 12 SE. when it, joins the POPACHTON, and forms the DELAWARE.

(3.) MOнAWK, a town of New York in Montgomery county, in a fertile country on the S. bank of the river, N° 1. It was deferted by the Mohawks in 1780; and in 1790, contained 4440 inhabitants, including 111 flaves.

(4.) MOHAWK COUNTRY, a part of N. America, on the banks of the MOHAWK, (N° 1.) formerly inhabited by one of the SIX NATIONS of the IROQUOIs, fituated between New York and Lake Ontario,

(1.) MOHAWKS, a nation of N. American In dians, who are acknowledged by the other tribes of the Six NATIONS to be "the true old head of the confederacy." They were formerly very powerful, and inhabited the above courtry. Being strongly attached to the family of Sir William Johnston, a part of them emigrated with Sir John Johnfton to Canada in 1776. About 300 of these refide in Upper Canada. The reft left their fettlement at HUNTER FORT in fpring 1780, and are now fettled on the Grand river. They had made great advances in civilization; most of them could fpeak Englith, and many of them profeffed their faith in the Chriftian religion. Their epifcopal church ftill remains at Hunter Fort. None of them are now in the United States.

(2.) MOHAWKS. See MUCK, $2.

MOHEGAN, a town of Connecticut, between Norwich and New London, where remains of the MOHGAN tribe of Indians refide.

MOHICCONS; 1. a tribe of N. American Indians who inhabit, on a branch of the Sufquenannah: They have 100 warriors. 2. Another tribe in the N. Western Territory, near Sandusky, between the Sciota and Muskingum. Warriors 60,

MOHILA, MOHILLA, or MOELIA, one of the COMORRA islands in the Indian fea, between the N. end of Madagascar and the continent of Africa. The inland parts are mountainous and woody; but the lands adjoining to the fea are watered by feveral fine ftreams which defcend from the mountains; and the grafs is green all the year, fo that it affords a moft delightful habitation. Provifions of all kinds abound; and the Eaft India fhips of different nations touch here for refreshment.

MOHILEF, or a government of Ruffia, (1.) MOHILOF, 5 formed out of part of Lithu ania, in 1772; when Catherine II. compelled the Poles to cede to her all that part of LITHUANIA which borders on Ruffia, comprehending one 3d of the country. This the erected into the two governments or provinces of MOHILEF and POLOTZK.

(2.) MOHILOF, a large and ftrong city of Poland, in the above prov. and palatinate of MiezЛlau. It is well built, populous, and has a confiderable trade. Near this place the Swedes obtained a great victory over the Ruffians in 1707.

MOHL, a town of Germany, in Holftein. (1.) * MOHOCK. n.f. The name of a cruel nation of America given to ruffians who infefted, or rather were imagined to infeft, the ftreets of London.

From milk-fop he starts up mohock.

Prior.

Who

His bones are moistened with marrow. Job xxi. 24.-A pipe a little moistened on the infide, fo as there be no drops left, maketh a more folemn found than if the pipe were dry. Bacon.-The fweiling river is reduced into his thallow bed, with fcarce water to moisten his own pebbles. Dryden.

* MOISTENER. n. S. [from moisten.) The perfon or thing that moistens.

* MOISTNESS. n.f. [from moist.] Dampnefs; wetnefs in a small degree.-Pieafure both kinds take in the moistness and denfity of the air. Bacon. -The fmail particles of brick or ftone the leaft moiftnefs would join together. Addifon's Guardian. (1.) MOISTURE.n.f. [moiteur, Fr. from moist.] 1. State of being moift; moderate wetness. Some times angling to a little river near hand, which, for the moisture it beftowed upon roots of fome flourishing trees, was rewarded with their tha dow. Sidney.-Set fuch plants as require much moisture upon fandy, dry grounds. Bacon.

While dryness moisture, coldnefs heat refifts, All that we have, and that we are, fubfifts.

4. Small quantity of liquid.

Denham.

All my body's mature Scarce ferves to quench my furnace-burning Shaks

heat.

When you scoop'd it dry, And offer'd the full helmet up to Cato, Did he not dash th' untafted moisture from him. Addifon. (2.) MOISTURE. See HUMIDITY. The moif ture of the air has confiderable effects on the buman body. For the quantity and quality of the food, and the proportion of the meat to the drink, being given, the weight of a human body is lefs, and confequently its difcharges greater in dry than in wet weather; which may be thus acaccounted for: the moisture of the air moiftens the fibres of the fkin and leffens perspiration by lefening their vibratory motion. When perfpiration is thus leflened by the moisture of the air, urine indeed is by degrees increased, but not equally. Hence, according to Dr Bryan Robin fon, to keep a body of the fame weight in wet weather as in dry, either the quantity of food muft be leffened, or the proportion of the meat to the drink increafed; and both these may be done by leffening the drink without making any change in the meat. The inftrument used for determining the degree of moisture in the air, is called an by grometer. See HYGROMETER.

MOIVRE, Abraham, F. R. S. an eminent mathematician, born at Vitri in Champagne, A. D. 1667. His father was a furgeon. At the revocation of the edict of Nantes, he determined to fly into England rather than abandon the proteftant religion. Before he left France, he had begun to tudy mathematics; and having perfected himself in that fcience in London, he refolved to teach it. Newton's Principia showed him how little progrefs he had made in a science of which he thought himself mafter. From this work he acquired a knowledge of the geometry of infinites with as great facility as he had learned the ele mentary geometry. His fuccefs in thefe ftudies procured him a feat in the Royal Society of LonVOL. XV. PART 1.

don, and in the Academy of Sciences at Paris: His merit was fo much efteemed, that he was thought capable of deciding in the famous dispute between Leibnitz and Newton, concerning the differential calculus. He published a Treatie ont Chances in 1738, and another on Annuities in 17523 both extremely accurate. The Philofophical Tranf actions contain many interefting memoirs of his compofition; fome on the method of ñuxious ♦ others on the lunula of Hippocrates; others on phyfical aftronomy, in which he refolved many important problems; and others, on the analysis of the games of chance. Towards the clofe of his life he loft his fight and hearing, and the demand for fleep became fo great that he required. 20 hours of it in a day. He died at London, in 1754, aged 87. He was intimately acquainted with the beft authors of antiquity; and was often confult ed about difficult palfages in their works. He dea tested all indecent witticifms against religion.

MOKATTAM. See EGYPT, $ 6.

MOKDASI, a title among the oriental Chrif tians fimilar to that of Hadsji, among the Turks, given to thofe pilgrims who have not only pers formed the journey to Jerufalem, but kept the paffover in it, and aflifted at all the ceremonies of the holy weeks.

MOKES of a net. The meshes.
MOKHA., See Mоçно.

MOKRETZ, a town of Turkey in Bulgaria. *MOKY. adj. Dark: as, moky weather. Ainfs It feems a corruption of murky. In fome places they call it muggy. Dusky; cloudy.

(1.) MOLA, Peter Francis, an eminent pains ter, born, according to most authors, at Lugano, in 1609; or as others affirm, at Coldra, in Como. He was a difciple of Arpino, and of Albano. When he quitted the latter, he went to Venice, and ftudied the pictures of Titian, Tintoretto, Baflan, and Paul Veronefe. He painted hiftorical fubs jects and landscapes with great fuccefs; particu larly the latter. He died in 1665.

(2.) Mola, John Baptift, brother to the preceding, was alfo a painter, and of fome merit, but very inferior to the other.

(3.) MOLA. See MIDWIFERY, Part Ì, Sect. IV. (4.) MOLA DI BARI, a town of Naples, in Bari, on the Adriatic, 12 miles E. of Bari.

(5.) MOLA DI GAETA, an ancient town of Naples in Lavora, where CICERO refided and was murdered; and where the ruins of his houfe are fill shown. It is feated on the Adriatic, near the ruins of FORMIA; 3 miles NE. of Gaeta, and SE. of Fundi. Lon. 17. 50. E. Lat. 41. 5. N.

(6.) MOLA SALSA, Salt Cake, in antiquity, was barley parched, and afterwards ground to meal or flour, then mixed with falt and frankincenfe, with the addition of a little water. Thus prepa red, it was fprinkled between the horns of the victim before it was killed in facrifice. This act was called immolatio, and was common to the Greeks and Romans; with this difference, that the mola of the Romans was of wheat. The Greeks cailed it an or south.

(1.) MOLANDS, a town of Norway, 12 miles NNE. of Christiansand.

(1.) MOLANDS, a town of Kent, near Sandwich, U. (1.) MQLANS,

(1.) MOLANS, a town of France, in the department of the Drome, 9 miles SSE. of Nions. (2.) MOLANS, a town of France, in the department of the Upper Saone, 6 miles SW. of Lure. MOLARDIER, a town of the French republic, in the dep. of Mont Blanc, (ci-devant Savoy,) on the Seeran; 8 miles NE. of Chambery.

(1.) MOLARES, or DENTES MOLARES, in anatomy, the large teeth, called in English the GRINDERS. See ANATOMY, § 135.

(2.) MOLARES GLANDULE. See ANATOMY, Ind. MOLASSES. See MoLOSSES.

MOLBETZKOI, a town of Ruffia, in Novo

gorod.

MOLCHINA, a town of Ruffia, in Tobolfk. MOLCZAR, a town of Lithuania.

(1.) MOLD, or MOULD, a town of N. Wales, in Flintshire, where the affizes are held. It had a caftle, which was deftroyed by Owen Gwyned, in 1144. It is 5 miles S. of Flint, 13 WNW. of Wrexham, and 188 of London.

(2.) MOLD, or MOULD. See MOULD. MOLDAU, a town of Bohemia, in Leitmeritz; 21 miles NW. of Leitmeritz.

MOLDAVA, a river of European Turkey, which rifes near Hungary, paffes Niemecz, and runs into the Siret, in Moldavia.

MOLDAVIA, a province of Turkey in Europe, bounded on the NE. by the Niefter, which divides it from Poland; on the E. by Beffarabia; on the S. by the Danube, which parts it from Bulgaria; and on the W. by Walachia and Tranfylvania. It is 240 miles long and 150 broad. The climate is good, and the foil fruitful, producing corn, wine, rich paftures, a good breed of horfes, oxen, theep, game, fifh, fowl, honey, wax, and all European fruits. Its principal rivers are the Danube, Dniester, Pruth, Bardalach, and Ceret. The inhabitants are Chriftians of the Greek church, and JASSY is the capital. About the end of the 12th century a colony of Walachians fettled here under Bogdan, who was their first prince, and established their civil and ecclefiaftical government; the latter under a Greek archbishop. In the 14th century, after many fevere ftruggles, they fell under the power of the K. of Hungary; and in 1574, they became tributary to the Turks; who appoint a native their prince, wayawode, or bofpodar. Befides a large annual tribute, he is obliged to raife a great body of horse. Moldavia is divided into Upper and Lower.

1. MOLDAVIA, LOWER, is bounded on the E. by the Dniefter; SE. by Beffarabia; S. by the Danube; and W. by the mountains of Tranfylvania. 2. MOLDAVIA, UPPER, reaches alinoft to Jaffy; and is bounded on the E. by the Dniefter; on the N. by the Dniefter and Poland ; and W. by Tranfylvania.

MOLDAVITZA, a town of Moldavia, 40 miles W. of Suczava.

'MOLDEBACH, a river of Upper Saxony, in Thuringia, running into the Unftrett.

(1.) * * MOLE. n. f. [mal, Saxon; mole, French; mola, Latin.] 1. A mole is a formless concretion of extravafated blood, which grows into a kind of fleth in the uterus, and is called a falfe conception. Quincy. 2. A natural fpot or difcolouration of the body. To nourish hair upon the moles of the

face, is the perpetuation of a very ancient custom, Brown's Vulg. Errours.-Such in painting are the warts and moles, which, adding a likeness to the face, are not therefore to be omitted. Dryden.— That Timothy Trim and Jack were the same perfon, was proved, particularly by a mole under the left pap. Arbuthnot.-The peculiarities in Homer are marks and moles, by which every common eye diftinguishes him. Pope. 3. [From moles, Latin; mole, Fr.] A mound; a dyke.-Sion is straightened on the north fide by the fea-ruined wall of the mole. Sandys. The mole immenfe wrought on Over the foaming deep high-arch'd; a bridge Of length prodigious, Milton's Par. Loft. -The great quantities of ftones dug out of the rock could not eafily conceal themselves, had they not been confumed in the moles and buildings of Naples. Addifon on Italy.

4.

Bid the broad arch the dang❜rous flood contain, The mole projected break the roaring main. Pope. Talpa. A little beaft that works under-ground.

Tread foftly, that the blind mole may not Hear a foot fall ; we now are near his cell. Shak -What is more obvious than a mole, and yet what more palpable argument of Providence? More:--Moles have perfect eyes, and holes for them through the fkin, not much bigger than a pin's head. Ray on Creation.

weave.

Learn of the mole to plow, the worm to Pope. (2.) MOLE, in midwifery, (§ 1, def. 1.) See MIDWIFERY, Part I, Sec. IV.

(3.) MOLE, or MARK, (§ 1, def. 2.) See Nævus. (4.) MOLF, in architecture, (1, def. 3.) a maf five work formed of large ftones laid in the fea by means of coffer dams, extended either in a right line or an arch of a circle, before a port, which it ferves to clofe; to defend the veffels in it from the impetuofity of the waves, and to prevent the paffage of fhips without leave.

(5.) MOLE is fometimes alfo ufed to fignify the harbour itself.

(6.) MOLE, [MOLES] among the Romans, was also used for a kind of mausoleum, built in manner of a round tower on a fquare base, infulate, encompaffed with columns, and covered with a dome. -The mole of the emperor Adrian, now the caftle of St Angelo, was the greatest and most ftately of all the moles. It was crowned with a brazen pine apple, wherein was a golden urn containing the afhes of the emperor.

(7.) MOLE, in geography, a river in Surry, fo named from running under ground. It disappears at Box-hiil, near Darking, in Surry, and emerges again near Leatherhead.

(8.) MOLE, a mountain of France, in the dep. of Mont Blanc, and late duchy of Savoy.

(9.) MOLE, in zoology, (§ 1, def. 4.) See TALPA. Moles in the fields may be deftroyed by taking a head or two of garlic, onion, or leek, and putting it into their holes; on which they will run out as if frighted, and you may kill them with a spear or dog. Or pounded hellebore, white or black, with wheat-flour, the white of an egg, milk, and fweet wine, or metheglin, may be made into a paste, and pellets as big as a fmall nut may be put into their holes: the moles will eat this with pleasure,

and