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in recommending inclofures, and this talk he seemed to have ́executed with fuccefs. His facts were in general well eftablished; for many of them had frequently occurred to us. That which feemed moft decifive, and we knew it to be true, was that a well grown animal, which had been well fed in its youth, and expofed to few hardships, was fattened fooner and at a lefs expence than a deformed ill-fhaped one, fed on a common. Our prefent author allows the fact; but obferves that, in many places, the cattle fed on moors are little exposed to hard fhips, and generally folded in the winter. Indeed he allows that Mr. Lamport's Obfervations are more juft in a limited, than in a general view; that they seem to have been fuggefted by experience, acquired in no very extenfive field.

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The reafoning contained in the Remarks' is examined with great ftrictnefs; and fome loofe affertions and fallacious arguments are justly reprehended. The author oppofes inclosures by very different means, by arguments, by computation, and experiment. He endeavours to fhow, that the high price of butcher's meat is owing to the expences in breeding cattle; and thefe are ultimately to be referred to the contraction of commons, and the diminution of common-right. Indeed many of these arguments occurred to us in reading Mr. Lamport's work; but fome pofitive affertions, which we could not contradict, and plaufible arguments, which our own experience had not opposed, led us unwilling captives to his opinion.

In other refpects, there is much tautology in this pamphlet, and a little unfairness in fome of the reprefentations; but the principal arguments are enforced with ability, and conducted with candour.

We shall select a short specimen, and recommend the whole to the reprefentatives and guardians of the landed property of the kingdom.

But methinks I hear gentlemen fay, you may make as many calculations and eftimates as you pleafe, but they can never convince us, that if by cultivation we make the ground that produced grafs of only three inches length before it was cultivated, to produce grafs of fix or nine inches in length, of equal thickness and good quality, that fuch cultivation is a detriment to the nation, for certainly the more the ground is made to produce of any valuable commodity, the more benefit to the nation. I anfwer; this, being a general principle, fo obvious and certain a truth, has greatly milled gentlemen, who talk or think on the fubject, because they apply this general principle to all cafes without exception; and I beg leave further to obferve, that though it is devoutly to be wifhed, that all the commons in England would produce twice the herbage they now do; yet even gold, as I have before obferved, may be bought too dear. And therefore I cannot think it advifeable for the fake of obtaining this good, to bring on an evil, which I ap prehend more than adequate to the advantage gained. And if,

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as I apprehend, I have already demonftrated, that the enclof ing and improving all the wafte lands, will tend to double the price of butchers meat; it will be an evil for which the encreafed produce of the ground cannot compenfate.

But the reader may fay, it is an inexplicable paradox to affert, that the more provender is produced for rearing and fattening of cattle, the dearer they will be.-Yet, refpecting the prefent argument, I will maintain it to be a paradox far from being inexplicable. I have already obferved, it is not the plenty or fcarcity which makes an article dear for any long continuance of time, because the price depends on the neceffary charges and expences in the production of it. If a beggar comes to me for relief from hunger, and I give him half of a quartern loaf for nothing, no perfon will pretend to affert, that if he had bought a whole loaf at the baker's, and given feven-pence half-penny for it, that because he would, in that cafe, have had a greater plenty, that therefore it was cheaper to him than my half loaf was. And this is very nearly the cafe with regard to the cattle now fed on commons; the little they get is not paid for, and therefore the owners can afford to fell them cheaper than if they paid for their food either by the way of rent of land, or by any other means.

If what I have here stated be true, what becomes of Mr. Lamport's plan of cheapness of provisions by cultivating waste land?"

DIVINIT Y.

Commentaries and Effays, published by the Society for promoting the Knowlege of the Scriptures. No. II. To be continued occafionally. Svo. Is. Johnfon.

The first article in this Number confifts of Critical Notes on the first Nineteen Verfes of the Firft Chapter of Genefis.

Some of the explications of the text are new; particularly the interpretation of the word, which is ufually tranflated light, in the third verfe. This light or flame, our author de duces from numberlefs volcanos, which he fuppofes to have been generated by the great mafs of phlogistic or inflammable matter, then exifting in the earth; but now difperfed in the bodies of animals and vegetables, and in the atmosphere. • God divided the light from the darkness :' that is, according to this writer, the volcanic eruptions broke out at different fucceffive periods, betwixt which darknefs prevailed.

Art. II. is a Paraphrase and Notes on Rom. v. 8-19. It has been imagined by many eminent divines, that mortality became the lot of all mankind, in confequence, not of perfonal, but of Adam's tranfgreffion. This opinion, our author thinks, appears to be a relic of the doctrine of original fin. The part of Scripture which is thought to be its principal fupport, is Rom. v. 12-19. He therefore examines this paffage, together with what precedes and follows it. His general idea

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on this fubject may be collected from the following note: Chrift Jefus was the first perfon, whofe perfect obedience was rewarded with revival from the dead, and exaltation; the Almighty at the fame time declared, that all men fhould be revived and made happy hereafter, upon condition of their following his fteps. Independently of thefe terms, no one was ever benefited by our Lord, or faved by his righteoufnefs alone. On the other hand, Adam, being the firft tranfgreffor, was punished with mortality, a doom denounced against all of his pofterity, who were fo weak as to follow his example, and become disobedient like him. Had they preferved their innocence, they would not have been obnoxious to mortality, though defcended from him.'

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Art. III. On the Apoftolical Benediction. 2 Cor. xiii. 14. The grace of the Lord Jefus Chrift, according to the inter pretation maintained in this tract, is the fame thing as to fay, may God give you all the bleflings of the gospel. By the Holy Spirit, of which the apoftle wishes the Corinthians to be partakers, he means thofe extraordinary divine gifts and powers, which were at that period ordinarily difpenfed to believers.— If this interpretation be rightly founded, it follows, fays the author, that the latter part of it cannot now be used at the conclufion of public worship, in the fenfe in which it was uttered by the apoftle, as withing all prefent may be made partakers of miraculous gifts and powers. But no fuch exceptions can be made to that valedictory form commonly used by the fame apoftle, namely, the grace of our Lord Jefus Chrift be with us all.' Rom. xvi. 24.

In fome concluding obfervations, the author affigns his reasons for omitting, in his preceding collection of texts relating to the Holy Spirit, the famous paffage of John, v. 7.-Among the criticisms of other writers, he mentions with particular applause fome remarks on this subject, in a late excellent edition of the New Teftament, by Dr. Griefback, professor of divinity at Jena, in Saxony, in two volumes, 1777.

From these few fpecimens we may venture to predict that, if this publication is continued, it will form a yaluable collection of comments and obfervations on the Scriptures.

Concio ad Clerum Provincia Cantuarienfis in Æde Paulina xiv. Kal. Junias MDCCLXXXIV. Habita a Gulielmo Barford, S. T. P. 4to. 15. T. Payne and Son.

The learned author explains and illuftrates this admonition of the apostles, Col. iv. 5. Walk in wifdom towards them that are without, redeeming the time;' and he very charitably and judiciously inculcates a fpirit of benevolence and moderation towards thofe who are not included within the pale of the church, or, which is fuppofed to be the fame thing, within the pale of orthodoxy: Maxima, ut Deo noftrifque confcientiis, ita iis, qui oi w funt, debetur reverentia.'

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A Ser

A Sermon preached before the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, on Monday, January 31, 1785. By Chriftopher Lord Bishop of Brifol. 4to. 15. Rivington.

His lordship takes his text from Daniel iv. 17. 'The Moft High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and giveth it to whomfoever he will.' His obfervations on a fuperintending providence, and the anarchy and confufion attending the grand rebellion, are animated and judicious, and expreffed with uncommon energy, perfpicuity, and elegance.

A Letter from the Author of an Elucidation of the Unity of God, to his Grace John Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. 8vo. 15. Baldwin.

This writer earnestly pleads for a reformation in our forms of public worship, agreeable to the doctrine of thofe who ftyle themfelves Unitarians. His mode of addrefs to the arch. bishop is calm, modeft, and refpe&iful.

Reft for the Weary. A Sermon preached on the Death of William Binns, Efq. By the Rev. Erafmus Middleton. 8vo. 6d. Hogg.

A funeral fermon on these words of Job, There the wicked ceafe from troubling; and there the weary be at reft.' The fame author is the compiler of the biographia Evangelica, in four volumes, octavo.

A New Year's Counfel; or, the Fashion of the World paffeth away, Being the Subfiance of a Sermon preached January 2, 1785. By the Rev. John Cottingham. 8vo. 6d. Cafs.

A plain, practical fermon on thefe words of St. Paul: The fashion of this world paffeth away.' 1 Cor. vii. 31.

MEDICA L.

Obfervations on the Properties and Effects of Coffee. By Benjamin Mofeley, M. D. 8vo. Is. 6d. Stockdale.

When we were young in the ftudy of medicine, we read with much astonishment, in Alpinus, the virtues of Bon. It did wonders; no difeafe could with ftand its force, or venture to attack the perfon properly prepared with this miraculous amulet. At laft, with fome labour, we found that it was only another name for coffee; but, though Alpinus was fanguine in his expectations, he fcarcely yields to Dr. Mofeley, in his exaggerated recommendations. In fact, coffee is fometimes ufeful, but frequently hurtful, and to many conftitutions highly pernicious. The acid tafle on mixing it with wine is very peculiar; and, when compared with the general affinity between aftringency and acidity, might almoft lead us to conclude that one principle did not effentially differ from the other. Coffee is not a corrector of opium, or of its pernicious qualities; it only counteracts its foporific powers. We mention this, to guard against the errors, which the indifcriminate obfervations

of our author and fome others, might probably occafion. From the extravagance of Dr. Mofeley's commendations, we almost fufpect him of an ironical fneer. He would not elfe attempt to establish its power in clearing the mind's eye, or to support the following fancy of a poet.

• Coffee which makes the politician wife,

And fee thro' all things, with his half-fhut eyes.'

A Treatise on the Properties and Effects of Coffee. By Benjamin Mofeley, M. D. Second Edition. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Stockdale. When our account of the first edition was ready for the prefs, the fecond appeared, which is in many refpects improved. The authorities are added, as well as an entertaining relation of the different fate which coffee first experienced at Mecca, before its ufe was established: the queflion was not, whether it was wholefome; but whether it was warranted by the Alcoran ? Several political remarks are also added, which tend to encourage the cultivation of the vegetable; but the account, which we have received, differs from that of our author on this fubject: we have been informed that it not only will not grow in a poor foil, but that it foon impoverishes one that is rich. This fubject deferves farther examination.

In other refpects, this edition does not materially differ from the former. The praises of coffee are till raised greatly beyond their proper bounds; and though fome unintelligible paffages are now explained, we till think that much remains to be done. The advantages and injuries from coffee are yet uncertain, fince its effects on the human body have not been afcertained with precifion at leaft they have not been related without either warm panegyrics, or the most pointed difapprobation. If we examine it by analogy, we cannot help confidering its powers as fufpicious, or more likely to injure than affift the ftomach in its different functions; but analogy we know to be fometimes a fallacious guide, and we wifh rather to truft careful obfervation and actual experience.

An Effay on the Retro-verfion of the Uterus; illuftrated with Cafes and Obfervations. By William Cockell, M. D. 4to. Is. 6d

Law.

We do not perceive any confiderable novelty in this work: nearly the fame method has been recommended by different lecturers, and very lately by Dr. Hamilton of Edinburgh, in his outlines of midwifery. But the author feems to be a man of candour and benevolence; nor will his attempt be useless, if it only diffuses the knowledge of a mode of practice, often fuccessful in a very dangerous complaint. For obvious reasons we cannot enlarge on it in this place.

Practice of Medicine made cafy By J. Fisher, M. D. 12mo.

25.

Here is much good matter in a bad form, like a good story marred in telling it.' The directions are heaped together without order, or without explaining in what circumftances

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