Timber Designers' Manual

angle applied Bending Deflection bending stress bolt calculated camber cambered beam capacity centres Chapter coefficients column component compression member compression stress connector contraflexure dead loading depth diameter dmax Douglas fir edge effective length Emean end distance face grain finger-joints Finnish flange formula given in Table glued glulam beams grade stress horizontal imposed loading joists K₁ kN m² kN/m kN/m² laminations lateral restraint LC grade load-sharing system M₁ manufacturers maximum mm² mm³ modulus of elasticity moisture content moment of area N/mm² nails node points Permissible axial load permissible stresses perpendicular ply web beams plywood Princes Risborough purlins roof screws shear deflection shear plates shear stress shown in Fig slenderness ratio Smin Sst Smin softwood solid timber spacing split rings SS grade Sst Smin Sst strength stress grade structural tabulated tension thickness timber Unit W Unit usually vertical whitewood and redwood width XX axis YY axis