the streets. Governor Endicott and his magistrates resolved to drive them out of the country. Some they imprisoned, some they whipped and banished, and four they put to death.

Endicott's services to Massachusetts. But with all his harshness and narrowness, Endicott meant to do right. His aim at all times was to build up and strengthen the colony. The Puritans looked upon him as one of their ablest men and the fittest to lead them in subduing the wilderness. We can hardly doubt that much of the early prosperity of Massachusetts was due to him. He lived to be a very old man, and was governor of the colony at the time of his death.

REVIEW

Who were the Puritans? Why did they wish to come to America? Where did the first Puritan colonists land? Why was the place afterwards called Salem? What other settlements were soon made? Who was the first person to step ashore at the place where now is the city of Boston? Why was that place selected for a settlement ? Why was the city of Boston so called? Describe the manner of life among the New England Puritans. Why did the Puritan elders dislike Roger Williams? Of what colony was he the founder? What reason can you give for John Endicott's friendship toward him? What place did John Endicott occupy in the colony of Massachusetts? How often was he governor? What was his character? What was his treatment of the Indians? of the Quakers? What excuses can we make for his severity and narrowness? Name the colonies of New England. Which of these were settled and controlled by Puritans? What colony was west of Connecticut and Massachusetts? What colony was on the James River?

LORD BALTIMORE

AND THE SETTLEMENT OF MARYLAND

I. SCHEMES OF COLONIZATION

An unwelcome visitor at Jamestown. One day, somewhat more than twenty years after the first landing of the English in Virginia, a strange ship sailed up the James River and came to anchor just off the landing at Jamestown. It brought to the settlement an unwelcome visitor - a nobleman whose name was George Calvert, but who is known in history as Lord Baltimore.

Who was Lord Baltimore?— Lord Baltimore was a rich and influential Englishman. He had been an officer at the court of King James I. He was also a friend of the new king, Charles I., and had received many favors from him. He was a man of good judgment and excellent character. He was known to be kind-hearted and brave a foe to oppressors and a friend to the poor. Why, then, was he not welcome at Jamestown? He was a Catholic, and it was whispered that he intended to bring some Catholic colonists to Virginia.

Loyalty of the Virginia colonists. The people of Virginia were all loyal supporters of the English Church; and therefore they did not like to have dealings with

Catholics or with Puritans. They were determined that neither the one nor the other should ever gain a foothold in their colony. But how were they to deal with a Catholic nobleman who was a favorite of the king and had, no doubt, come to Virginia by his permission? The governor and his council were not long in finding out the facts of the case; for Lord Baltimore tried to hide nothing.

Lord Baltimore's first colony. The great ambition of Lord Baltimore's life had been to establish, somewhere in America, a colony in which men of all conditions and beliefs might find homes. With this purpose in view he had bought a large part of Newfoundland, and had sent out a number of men and women to form a settlement there; he had caused houses to be built for his colonists, and a fine, large mansion to be put up for himself; and then he had gone thither with his family, hoping to make his future home there.

But very sad was his disappointment. The climate was the worst that could be thought of -snow and fog, snow and fog, throughout a great part of the year. The soil was no better- rocks and bogs, rocks and bogs, everywhere. No colony, except one of fishermen, could ever exist in such a country. Lord Baltimore felt that he must find some other place in which to form his settlement. He knew that Virginia was of wide extent, and that much the greater part of it was unsettled and even unknown. He had, therefore, come direct from Newfoundland to see for himself whether there might

not be room, either north or south of the James, for an independent colony.

This account of his intentions was not pleasing to the Jamestown colonists. Had not Lord Baltimore been a person of consequence, it is likely that they would have gotten rid of him with

Progress of the colony. While the governor and his council were considering the matter, Lord Baltimore spent several days in looking about the country and finding out all that he could about its climate and resources. He learned that there were about five thousand people in the colony. The settlers for the most part lived on plantations that were scattered along the rivers at great distances apart. Whereever he went, he saw tobacco either growing in the fields or being made ready for market. In the year that was just ending, 500,000 pounds of the fragrant leaves had been shipped to London. The colonists

"I cannot subscribe to that oath "

had ceased hoping to find gold, and all their talk was of tobacco.

The oath of supremacy.- Lord Baltimore was soon asked to appear before the governor and council. The governor had been very friendly to him all along, but the councilors were determined to be rid of him. They said that he must take the oath of supremacy as was done by all other persons coming to the colony. Now this oath was an acknowledgment that the king of England was the supreme head of the Church, and no good Catholic could take it.

"I cannot subscribe to that oath," said Baltimore, "for I acknowledge the Pope as my master in things spiritual. But King Charles knows that I am his loyal subject, and I will swear to support him always as the true and lawful head of our nation.”

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Well, then," answered the councilors, "since you refuse to comply with our laws, we must ask you to depart from Virginia without further delay."

II. MARYLAND

The new colony. - Three months later, Lord Baltimore was in London, telling the king about his voyage and explaining all his plans for the future.

King Charles listened graciously, and then told him that the northeastern portion of Virginia should be granted to him and his heirs for the colony which he proposed to found. The boundaries of the territory thus granted were clearly marked out. The king himself